01. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE (Sede)
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/1
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Estudo do comportamento mecânico de argamassas de revestimento com substituição parcial do agregado miúdo por lodo têxtil gerado pela lavanderia industrial de jeans do arranjo produtivo local de confecções do Agreste pernambucano(2024-09-30) Brito, Eyshila Paloma Costa de; Holanda, Romildo Morant de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4283130448063981; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0065466719471642The local productive arrangement (APL), located in the Agreste region of Pernambuco, is the second largest textile hub in Brazil, producing, making and selling garments. The activities carried out in the region range from the manufacturing process to the processing of jeans, which is carried out in industrial laundries. As with any industrial procedure, laundries are major generators of waste, with textile sludge being one of the main ones, generated in large volumes. It is a potential pollutant capable of compromising soil, water and air quality, directly affecting the health and well-being of the population. On the other hand, the construction industry continues to be one of the biggest consumers of natural resources, mainly through the use of sand to make concrete and mortar. This research studied the incorporation of jeans laundry sludge, at levels of 10%, 20% and 25%, into mortar mixes for coatings, with the aim of providing a more sustainable destination for the sludge, as well as serving as an alternative raw material. The research aimed to study the mechanical behavior of modified mortars in order to evaluate their physical and mechanical properties after partially incorporating the waste in relation to the fine aggregate (sand). Tests were carried out on the particle size composition, unit mass and specific mass of the waste, as well as the characterization of the textile sludge. As the waste partially replaced the fine aggregate, the same tests were carried out on the sand. Although the sand and sludge had different particle size curves, both were within the usable zone for fine aggregate. Sludge had a unit mass 45% lower than that of sand. The specific mass of silt was also lower than that of sand, totaling 1.62 g/cm³ and 2.63 g/cm³, respectively. When evaluating the mechanical strength of the specimens, there was little variation between the different mixes, but the mortar with 10% sludge incorporation had the highest compressive strength and flexural tensile strength when compared to the others. In the water absorption and capillarity coefficient results, the residue was able to effectively fill the small pores in the mixture. Finally, it was possible to classify the mortars studied, which achieved minimum values for the characteristics of compressive strength, flexural tensile strength and capillarity coefficient, receiving the designation P3, R1, C1 in the four types.Item Tratamento de águas residuais em uma indústria de envase de refrigerante e água mineral utilizando sulfato de alumínio com sistema de homogeneização adaptado(2024-10-01) Souza, Robson Severino de; Gomes, Maria José de Filgueiras; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0060810526769648It is well known that with the increased consumption of beverages such as soft drinks, juices, among others, there is an increase in the production of effluents. The lack of treatment of these effluents generates major environmental, social and economic impacts. The effluents generated by soft drinks, predominantly made up of sugars, juices, colorants, extracts and organic acids, have a high organic load, which increases the values of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which are potential polluters of receiving bodies such as rivers and lakes. The aim of this work was to improve the conditions of effluents treated by acti-vated sludge, aligning biological and physical-chemical treatment, in a soft drink and mineral water industry, using aluminium sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) as a coagulant and a system adapted for homogenization and pH correction. In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that only use activated sludge as a form of treatment, (Al2(SO4)3) can be an ally in improving the conditions of effluent that has already undergone activated sludge treatment. However, the use of aluminium sulphate requires a homogenization system to mix it with the effluent and to correct the pH. The methodology of this work is based on using this coagulant to improve the final effluent, adapting a recirculation system that homogenizes the inorganic coagu-lant with sodium hydroxide to correct the pH. The system works by sucking the effluent from the bottom of the decanter and discharging it over itself, ensuring a complete mixture between the coagulant, the sodium hydroxide and the effluent. Laboratory tests were carried out to determine the correct concentration of the coagulant, using turbidity and COD analyses. The BOD5 analysis, which is the analysis of BOD over a period of five days, was only carried out at the time of the field test, taking a sample before and after the coagulation process in the decanter tank. The results obtained using 10mL of coagulant (20g/L) for each liter of effluent showed a good reduction in the COD turbidity of the effluent already treated by activated sludge. With the addition of the coagulant to the samples, followed by correction of the pH to 7, there was a reduction in turbidity from 362 turbidity units (UT) to 41UT. In the COD analysis, there was a reduction from 326mg/L ofdissolved O2 to 81mg/L. There was also a significant reduction in the results of the BOD analysis of the effluent treated in the decanter itself, from 354.6mg/L ofO2 to 183.6mg/L. These results showed that both the addition of the coagulant and the adapted homogenization system were effective in reducing the parameters analyzed (turbidity, COD and BOD). The volume of sludge decanted by coagulation in 10 minutes also proved to be very low and this results in faster disposal, making the whole process more agile and ruling out the need to use a flocculant.Item Estudo de viabilidade do uso de areia residual da produção de silicato de sódio no processo produtivo(2024-09-23) Abreu, Giovanna Pereira de; Gomes, Maria José de Filgueiras; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0060810526769648; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7823109121355746Sand is the main raw material used in the production of sodium silicate. However, the sand waste generated by the silicate industries is a constant and significant problem, with an average annual disposal of 142 tons. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the reduction of this waste through available practices for proper disposal or, when possible, reuse it, given that it can cause negative impacts on the environment. In addition, reusing sand also has the benefit of reducing production costs, since it can be reincluded in the process without compromising yield. In this sense, it is of great relevance to create sustainable solutions capable of efficiently addressing the social, environmental and economic challenges involved and which can be applied in industries. The aim of this work was to evaluate the reuse of this industrial waste and study its reuse in new reactions aimed at the production of sodium silicate. For this purpose, the residue was subjected to a washing process, followed by titrimetric tests, in triplicate, to determine the Na₂O content in the water washing, using 2.0N HCl as titrant, resulting in an average value of 12.80%. X-ray fluorescence tests were also performed on the solid part after washing, indicating a SiO₂ percentage of 99.009%, a value comparable to that of virgin sand, whose SiO₂ content varies between 98.00% and 100.00%, which demonstrates that the results obtained in the residue presented satisfactory results. Based on a formulation suggested in this research, it can be concluded that the reuse of sand in the sodium silicate production process could promote a cost reduction of R$9,870 per batch, representing an annual saving of R$259.670,4, integrating sustainable practices and cost reduction in silicate production.Item Adsorção dos íons metálicos Cu2+ e Mn2+ em sistema bicomponente utilizando carvão ativado preparado a partir de sabugo de milho como adsorvente(2022-05-20) Campos, Natália Ferreira; Moraes, Alex Souza; Duarte, Marta Maria Menezes Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2069994676017059; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0440163845324480; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7441229690485153Heavy metals are used in several areas, especially in the pulp and paper industry, since their effluents contain high levels of copper and manganese, which can cause harmful effects on living systems due to their toxic nature, non-biodegradable and accumulate in organisms. This problem has led several research groups to seek treatment alternatives. Adsorption using activated carbon prepared from agro-industrial residues has been presented as an alternative for the treatment of effluents containing heavy metals. In view of the above, this work proposes the use of activated carbon prepared from corn cob as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu2+ and Mn2+ metallic ions in mono and bicomponent systems. Corn cob activated carbon was chemically activated with H3PO4. The characterization of corn cob and activated carbon was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Boehm titration and determination of the pH of the zero charge point. The influence of the initial pH of the solution on the adsorptive process was studied in order to determine the pH used in further studies. Based on the results obtained, kinetic and adsorption equilibrium studies were carried out for the mono and bicomponent systems. The characterization indicated that the activation promoted an increase of carboxylic groups on the surface of the adsorbent, reduction of the pHZCP value from 4.7 in the corn cob to 3.0 in the activated carbon, increasing the pH range of the solution in which the surface of the coal becomes negatively charged, which favored the adsorption of Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions. In the study of the effect of the initial pH of the solution in a single-component system, pH 4 and 6 showed better results for Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions, respectively, whereas in the bicomponent system it was pH 4. The model that best represented the experimental data of the kinetic evolution was the pseudo-second order for monocomponent systems and for Cu2+ in the bicomponent system, while for Mn2+ it was the pseudo-first order model. In the adsorption equilibrium, it was found that the model that best fitted the experimental data was Sips for Cu2+ and Langmuir for Mn2+ in a monocomponent system. The experimental adsorptive capacity was 0.39 mmol•g-1 for Cu2+ and 0.22 mmol•g-1 for Mn2+. Regarding the bicomponent system, the antagonistic effect of the presence of Cu2+ for the adsorption of Mn2+ was verified, and the model that best described the process was the extended Langmuir process, as it indicated the highest affinity of Cu2+ with activated carbon. The results of this work demonstrate the technical potential of activated carbon prepared from corn cob for the adsorption of Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions in mono and bicomponent systems.Item Uma proposta de sequência didática para o ensino de Química utilizando uma temática ambiental a partir do processo de tratamento de efluentes industriais(2022-10-07) Ribeiro, Patricia Maria de Melo; Freitas, Kátia Cristina Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5859266863241551; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6452213261262563This work presents a proposal for a Didactic Sequence to expose the theme of improper disposal of industrial effluents in rivers, as well as the presentation of the mixture separation processes involved in the steps of correct treatment of the effluent before discharge into the environment. The objective of this research was the elaboration of an SD from the environmental perspective to sensitize students about environmental problems, recognize a little of the industrial application of contents present in regular chemistry teaching, and allow experimental practices of separation of mixture during the course of the classes. Seeking not only the construction of knowledge, but also structuring the student's critical thinking to form a citizen aware of their active role to collaborate with a sustainable society.Item Relatório de estágio não obrigatório realizado na empresa Asa Indústria e Comércio(2021) Gomes, Evellyn da Silva; Guiselini, Cristiane; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4309083918019766; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7571064720114739Item Sistemas eletroquímicos para tratar amostras de água contendo corante têxtil como ferramenta didática para divulgação da poluição hídrica(2021-07-07) Neves, Eloisa Ferreira; Freitas, Kátia Cristina Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5859266863241551; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9764373408949634Didactic workshops for scientific and technological dissemination, in addition to contributing to motivational aspects for the development of learning, are an interactive strategy that can provide the development of science learning. This research aims to use electrochemical systems to characterize the physicochemical properties of the coagulant lectin from Moringa oleifera seeds (cMoL) in the treatment of water samples containing indigo-type textile dyes as teaching tools for scientific dissemination about water pollution in effluents from the textile industry. The methodological development of this research comprises the development of aluminum piles using aluminum cans and PET bottles for the treatment of indigo-type dye solution; the determination of electrochemical potentials and cyclic voltammograms generated by the agglutination of cMoL immobilized on the MOF with an aqueous solution of indigo carmine dye; the development of potentiometric biosensors for the determination of indigo dye residues in aqueous media. Considerable differences were observed in the electrochemical potentials in relation to the platinum electrode (Pt), MOF coated platinum working electrode (Pt/MOF), MOF coated platinum electrode and immobilized cMoL (Pt/MOF/cMoL) and when interacting Pt /MOF/cMoL with different concentrations of galactose. Cyclic voltammetry showed results with significant differences between the untreated dye sample and the dye samples after treatment. The development of didactic workshops in school spaces to validate the electrochemical system as a didactic tool applied to learning and dissemination about water pollution caused by the disposal of indigo dyes in textile industry effluents is relevant for the construction of concepts related to electrochemistry.Item Tratamento do lixiviado por processos combinados: processos fotocatalíticos com ou sem coagulação/floculaçâo(2018) Silva, Cinthia Raquel Santos da; Tavares, Rosângela Gomes; Almeida, Gledson Luiz Pontes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2328849810614673; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2497390236537569; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2138697700029989Item Processos de produção e avaliação do desempenho de tintas á base d’água para decoração e sua questão ambiental(2018-02-02) Nascimento, Mariana Olímpio do; Gomes, Maria José de Filgueiras; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4716388949582651; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4716388949582651The decorative paints account for 83.3% of the total volume of Brazilian production and 69.3% of sales, with a 1.9% increase in production volume from 2016 to 2017. However, due to the large variety of types of paint that the market offers, there are still many doubts among consumers in choosing the right product, which because of lack of knowledge often end up opting for the cost and not for the quality, compromising the finish and the durability of the painting. Currently the largest investment of the real estate paint industries are focused on this "new" segment that is "customer satisfaction and low cost", always seeking to improve its products tied to the minimum cost increment in its formulation. In this context, this work presents a bibliographic study that addresses the importance of decorative paints, presenting a little of the historical, current economic scenario that it represents, its chemical composition, highlighting the raw materials that constitute them as pigments, resins, solvents, additives , vehicles and their functions. In addition, it will describe the manufacturing process and how the disposal and treatment of the effluents and wastes generated during this production process is carried out, as well as the practices adopted in the industries in order to offer products that increasingly meet the environmental, contributing, at the same time, to economic and social development. Among the practices adopted in the paint industries, water-based paints are aimed at reducing the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which is a trend in the world due to its less harmful characteristics to the environment , maintaining similar quality to solvent-based paints (synthetic paints), which make them a great potential for expansion in Brazil, capable of meeting the most diverse consumer requirements in a wide range of applications.