Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (Sede)

URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/5

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Acessando a resiliência na Área de Proteção Ambiental Costa dos Corais (Nordeste do Brasil) para embasar decisões de manejo
(2018-08-27) Silva, Thaysa Carla Gomes da; Gomes, Paula Braga; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3289333472399959; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2654152836966384
Coral reefs are mainly characterized by having one of Earth's greatest biodiversity, as well as being recognized for the provision of vast goods and services. In Brazil, the reefs are distributed over 3,000km along the coast of the country, representing the only reef system in the South Atlantic and being affected by several threats due to the rapid development of coastal areas and high exploitation of its resources. Recognizing when coral reefs are becoming critically fragile is a major challenge, and therefore resilience measures have been considered a strategy to avoid degradation. For this reason, some studies have been developing methodologies using several factors to indicate and calculate reef resilience in order to develop management and conservation strategies. Therefore, it is relevant to study the resilience of coral reefs in Brazil based on their use in order to improve management and monitoring, promoting the reduction of ecosystem degradation and influencing the choice of priority areas for conservation. Along Costa dos Corais Environmental Protection Area, there are several reefs with different intensities of use, including areas of exclusion of use and areas of high intensity of tourist use. In this way, the site allows to analyze the resilience from the comparative point of view between different reef sectors, under their different situations of use and conservation and relating their degree of resilience with the indicators. For this purpose, the resilience factors were selected based on the literature and all indicators were posed as questions. The questions were applied to APACC’s Council to analyze these parameters in APACC’s 21 reefs, about the following sites: Tamandaré (4 reefs), São José da Coroa Grande (3), Maragogi (4), Japaratinga (3), Porto de Pedras (3) and São Miguel dos Milagres (4). The reefs reached a score of 41 for lowest resilience (São Miguel dos Milagres) up to 71 for highest resilience (Maragogi). According to the ranking, the reefs that obtained high (> 62), medium (between 52 and 60) and low resilience (< 51) were identified. The location with the highest amount of reefs with high resilience is in Japaratinga, while the lowest site is in São Miguel dos Milagres. It is also possible to observe that the reefs that obtained higher scores are located in areas restricted to the use, while those that are present in Visitation Zones obtained lower scores, representing about 66% of the reefs considered with low resilience. With the exception of Piscina de São Miguel dos Milagres, all Marine Life Protection Zones were considered areas of high resilience. Overall, our results show that the management of APA Costa dos Corais has been successful in selecting closed areas, since they have high resilience, with the exception of the only Marine Protection Zone in São Miguel dos Milagres. However, some indicators of resilience can be improved with management actions.
Análise da atividade larvicida de hidrazidas contendo anéis do 1,2,4-oxadiazol e estudo das alterações morfo-histológicas em larvas de Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera, Culicidae)
(2018-08-15) Nascimento, Jéssica da Silva; Oliveira, Lourinalda Luiza Dantas da Silva Selva de; Navarro, Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6866049887225410; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7013867423178814
The control of Aedes aegypti is now a major public health challenge because it’s responsible for important arboviruses such as: Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika and Urban Yellow Fever. In this work, we propose a study of the structure-activity relationship of 15 hydrazides against A. aegypti larvae, aiming to identify structural characteristics responsible for the larvicidal activity of the compounds. Fourth instar larvae were submitted to the compounds for 48 hours at different concentrations and then the LC50 was determined. Of the studied compounds, 9 presented considerable potential in the control of A. aegypti (LC50 <100ppm). The compound identied as HCBA presented greater larvicidal activity when compared to the others (LC50 = 20.63ppm) and aroused interest in understanding its mechanism of action. Larvae in the 4th instar were submitted to HCBA (20.63ppm), where they remained for 24 hours. The larvae that reached sublethal state were collected, xed in formoline, included in resin, sectioned, the blades stained by toluidine blue and analyzed by light microscopy. The morphohistological changes of the larvae submitted to the treatment were: high vacuolization in the cytoplasm and disorganization of the epithelium. These results demonstrate that the P-Cloro (HCBA) compound may be effective in controlling A. aegypti for promoting changes at the mesenteric level.
Análise da Influência do número de cópias na expressão do gene blaKPC
(2021-03-05) Oliveira, Michelly Maria Pereira e; Almeida, Anna Carolina Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4153747599532886
Enterobacteria has stood out in clinical practice by detecting enzymatic mechanisms that confer resistance to antimicrobials, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) due to its rapid worldwide dissemination caused by the location of the blaKPC gene in large transferable plasmids and transposons. The expression of the blaKPC gene can be affected by intrinsic characteristics of the host that hosts it or the number of copies. An unusual phenotype was observed in clinical isolates of P. stuartii and M. morganii and their respective transformants, where E. coli cells that received plasmids that carried the blaKPC gene, showed MIC values, for some beta- lactams, higher than in clinical isolates. The objective of this work was to analyze the number of copies of the blaKPC gene, relating them to their respective MICs. The genomic DNA of the bacterial isolates was extracted from the PromegaTM WizardTM Genomic DNA Purification kit according to the manufacturer's guidelines, and was then quantified by spectrophotometry using the NanoDropTM Lite equipment from Thermo Fisher Scientific. The endogenous control genes were chosen from the literature after a robust search, after which they were analyzed in silico. Using databases, software and other tools, primers were designed. To carry out absolute quantification, an estimate was made based on a proportion of the relative quantitative relationship between target and endogenous control, using the formula 2-ΔCq. For the experiments, the SteponeTM Real-time PCR System (Applied Biosystems) and the SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems) were used. The designed primers underwent a validation step to evaluate their efficiency (tufMm - 93,019, tufPs - 90,228 and tufKp - 103,474, both with R2 close to 1). The data generated by the absolute qPCR experiments were associated with the different phenotypic profiles observed and from the tests it was determined that the number of copies of the blaKPC gene for transforming isolates and clinical isolates does not vary significantly, pointing out that another mechanism must be interfering in the expression of the blaKPC gene, directly influencing resistance levels.
Análise da suceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos em Pseudomonas spp. isoladas de produtos saneantes
(2020-02-03) Vitor, Mizânia Cabral de Almeida; Almeida, Anna Carolina Soares; Souza, Paula Mariana Salgueiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6281410502740086; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4891800920829895
Análise de colinearidade gênica do operon aprX-lipA em isolados de Pseudomonas fluorescens
(2023-09-15) Silva, Israel Santos da; Freitas, Nara Suzy Aguiar de; Souza, Paulo Roberto Eleutério de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1971832245117283; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6891650997818766; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9803828236017805
Pseudomonas fluorescens are Gram-negative bacilli that are motile and found in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Due to their psychrotrophic characteristics, these bacteria are often associated with the contamination of unpasteurized milk and its derivatives, such as cheese and butter. The proteases and lipases produced by P. fluorescens are the primary factors in the prevalence of dairy product contamination. These enzymes are encoded by the aprX and lipA genes, which are present in the aprX-lipA operon. In this regard, we evaluated the genomic components surrounding the aprX-lipA operon of P. fluorescens from different sources, aiming to detect genetic patterns inherent to these organisms and their correlation with proteolytic activity. We used the NCBI database, the String platform, and Interpro for comparative evaluation of the selected genomes. In the four isolates analyzed, the aprX-lipA operon is highly variable structurally, with unique configurations for each genome. The gene co-expression relationships of the genes surrounding the aprX protease also show qualitative and quantitative variations, both intra- and inter-species within the Pseudomonas genus. We detected components of the CRISPR type 1 system, previously unrelated to the operon, which can amplify, move, and modify genes related to the defense mechanism, pathogenic or not, of the genus. The patterns related to pathogenicity indicate that new biomarkers can be used for genomic surveillance.
Análise de incidência de câncer de vesícula biliar em pacientes atendidos no Laboratório Municipal de Saúde Pública do Recife (2014 - 2022)
(2024-02-05) Santos, Bruna Maria Correia dos; Souza, Paulo Roberto Eleutério de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1971832245117283; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2311174575605049
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is considered a rare type of cancer by the World Health Organization (WHO) and characterized by the absence of symptoms in the early stages, but in advanced stages manifests with abdominal pain. The WHO considers this type of tumor as the most common in the biliary tract, associating it with risk factors such as gallstones, age, female sex, and a higher propensity in white individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gallbladder cancer in patients undergoing elective cholecystectomies, assessing the occurrence of GBC in patients treated at the Municipal Public Health Laboratory of the Recife- Pernambuco from 2014 to 2022. An observational, retrospective, descriptive-analytical study was conducted using secondary sources of patients diagnosed with GBC from 2014 to 2022. A total of 17,970 medical records were analyzed during the study period. Among these, 10 were related to the gallbladder, and only 2 had a diagnosis of GBC. The female sex was present in 70% (7/10) of the cases and 50% were diagnosed with gallstone disease. The most performed operation was simple cholecystectomy. In the two patients with GBC, the diagnosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma was confirmed. Tumor staging revealed 50% (1/2) at stage IIIb and 50% (1/2) at stage II among the examined cases. Thus, this study confirmed the prevalence of gallbladder adenocarcinoma in GBC and identified cholelithiasis as the main risk factor similar to previous studies.
Análise de mecanismos de resistência a polimixina em isolados de Klebsiella pneumoniae
(2021-12-17) Andrade, Rauana Lins de; Almeida, Anna Carolina Soares; Santos, Bárbara Nazly Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4795529090461229; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4891800920829895; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8836137133949593
Infections for Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-producing have been a public health problem leading to increased patient morbidity and mortality, which has led to the reintroduction of a previously discontinued antimicrobial for human use, polymyxins. The raise in resistance to polymyxins has made treatment even more difficult, which is worrying due to the high worldwide dissemination of these strains.This study aimed to perform a genetic analysis of two-component systems involved in polymyxin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Sixteen multiresistant K. pneumoniae isolates were studied. The clonal relationship was performed from the investigation of repeated extragenic palindromic sequences (REP). The genes of the two-component enzyme regulatory systems (pmrA, pmrB, phoP, phoQ) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The identification of mutations was performed by DNA sequencing with comparative analysis using the MGH 78578 strain as reference. It was possible to distinguish the presence of four groups with clonal relationship of the same species with a variation of 2 to 5 unshared bands, indicating a pattern of similarity between all bacteria in the study. All isolates had more than one mutation in the coding regions of the genes studied, the prevalence was of mutations classified as silent in pmrA and phoP. However, Frameshift Nonsense and Missense mutations were identified in pmrB and phoQ genes, which led to alterations in the amino acid chain and production of a non-functional protein. Nucleotide alterations in the coding regions of the TCS regulatory genes (phoPQ and pmrAB) and the compromise of the protein sequence are considered the most relevant mechanisms regarding the mediation of resistance to polymyxins.
Análise de mecanismos de resistência em bactérias clínicas oriundas de hospitais de Pernambuco
(2021-02-17) Silva, Jonas de Melo Silvestre da; Almeida, Anna Carolina Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4891800920829895; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9044602995334190
The spread of resistant bacteria or superbugs has been considered a catastrophic threat to the health of the population and represents one of the main challenges in the area of health worldwide. This work's main objective is to identify genetic and molecular determinants, resistance mechanisms, and the clonal relationship between twenty-two isolates obtained from two hospitals in Pernambuco. Isolates of: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella ozaenae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter spp were included, all of which showed a phenotypic profile of multidrug resistance (MDR). Isolates from the University Hospital of the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco had a higher resistance profile compared to isolates from the University Hospital Oswaldo Cruz located in Recife, mainly to aminoglycosides and 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, it was possible to detect at least one of the B-lactam resistance genes tested in all isolates, except for 2 isolates that did not present any of the genes evaluated. The blaCTX-M gene was the most prevalent found in this study. And despite half of the samples having a resistance profile to carbapenems, the blaKPC gene was the least detected. In addition, clonal relationship analysis using the REP-PCR technique revealed a possible endemicity of a single clonal type in the Intensive Care Unit at Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz located in Recife. At the University Hospital of the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, the establishment of two clonal groups that have been disseminated for at least 3 months was identified. The presence of multiresistant bacteria in hospital units reinforces the need for strategies to contain infections and spread these pathogens, especially in ICUs.
Análise de rede social e dinâmica espaço-temporal de um grupode macacos-prego (Sapajus libidinosusSPIX, 1823) no zoológicodo Parque Estadual de Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE
(2019) Cescon, Pedro Aguilar; Oliveira, Maria Adélia Borstelmann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6104426668816123; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1681320903044373
The growing maintenance of animal specimensin captivity, kept in zoos and sanctuaries, and in Centers of Wild Animals Screening (CETAS), have raised more and more the necessity of newstudy approaches oncaptive animals, as means to reach a higher understanding about the behavioral biology of each species. As such, interventionist actions in spaces of captivity and the adequation of enrichment actions for the betterment of animals’ welfarebecome preponderant. Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) are animals native to Brasil, which exhibit a varied range of behaviors, both individual and social.At the same time, they are targets of capture fromboth the traffic of wild animals and scientific studies, precisely due to their behavioral variety and apparent inteligence. The Social Network Analysis comes as a tool in the study of social behaviors, becomingan increasingly more commonpracticein researches with primates worldwide. The Parque Estadual deDois Irmãos (PEDI)owns in its animal collectiona group of four individuals of the aforementioned species. As a way to understand the social relations between the individuals and the use of the captivity space by these animals, this project aimed for the statistical analysis of the behaviors of the subjects over space and time. A collection of data fulfilled through the counting of seconds of each activityand its specific place of happeningwas employed for the group analysis. Socially, the animals were evaluated via the production of sociograms, net structures that relate actors inside a group and the relations established between themselves. The chosen methodology was revealing in what concernsthe general aspects of the reproductive colony studied, but it also allowed a visualization of subtle characteristics between the animals and the space occupied by them. The obtaining of diversifieddata allowed for a bigger understanding of the social dynamics involved, and how further actions and researches canbe executed, bringing more pointed results in the analyses that have as aim the betterment of a captive individual’s welfare.
Análise espacial da transmissão de esquistossomose urbana em Jaboatão dos Guararapes no contexto da saúde única
(2024-03-08) Araujo, Emilly Kilma Gomes de; Fonsêca, Francinete Torres Barreiro da; Gomes, Elainne Christine de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7173069660592793; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2545929400317612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540954285503240
Schistosomiasis mansoni is a Neglected Tropical Disease transmitted by the worm Schistosoma mansoni. The disease has historically manifested itself in rural areas in Brazil, but has migrated to urbanized contexts, related to rainfall and flooding, mainly in coastal areas of the state of Pernambuco. This work aims to investigate the environmental transmission factors that condition the spread of schistosomiasis, in the neighborhood of Candeias, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, in the context of Saúde Única. Methodology: All floods, sewage outlets, open sewers, houses that were part of the coproscopic survey in May 2023 and the breeders of Biomphalaria spp found in the study area were georeferenced with the help of GPS in the months of August and October 2023. Parasitological diagnosis was performed using the Kato-Katz and Hoffmann techniques. The snails were subjected to light exposure to identify Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Spatial analyzes were carried out using the QGIS program. Conclusion: 19 creators were identified, 1 of which was a transmission foci, all of specie Biomphalaria glabrata. The community presented 53 positive individuals, with positivity rates of 11.67% for schistosomiasis and 2.86% positive for geohelminthiasis. Of the total, 79% of cases were of mild intensity, 13.9% of medium intensity and 6.9% of high intensity. The individuals with the highest parasite load were in the houses close to Lagoa Olho D’água, while the cases were conducted as the houses were further away from the Lagoa. The street with the most breeders also had a high distribution of sewage outlets. Most of the snails were found in open sewers. It was possible to observe through flood spots that the community is completely exposed during times of flooding caused by heavy rain. A scheme was created that illustrates the interaction between animals-humans-environment in the transmission of schistosomiasis through the One Health approach, highlighting environmental sanitation, the presence of snails and poverty as the main factors in the transmission of the disease.
Uma análise histórica da mulher na agricultura familiar e sua relevância para preservação da biodiversidade genética e ecológica
(2024-03-05) Silva, Jenifer Carla Borges da; Freitas, Nara Suzy Aguiar de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6891650997818766; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0352343973672028
Family farming, essential for food security and sustained by ancestral practices, is marked by the fundamental role of women in the conservation of genetic diversity and the cultivation of traditional varieties. These varieties are vital for the resilience of ecosystems against environmental challenges, but are threatened by modern agriculture and genetic erosion. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the female contribution to family farming and its impact on biodiversity conservation. Using a meta-analysis methodology, the research examines 60 scientific publications, including articles, dissertations, theses, and final papers, to identify trends and gaps in knowledge. Approximately 80% of the studies analyzed include specific information about gender, with 18% focusing specifically on women, reflecting the national reality of female participation in agriculture. Correlation analyses and chi-square tests were applied to investigate the relationship between gender and the use of agrochemicals and organic practices, finding no statistically significant associations. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was employed to explore the relationships between seed varieties, methods of acquisition, and geographical locations of farming families in Brazil. The results reveal systemic barriers faced by female farmers, such as limited access to financial resources and agricultural credit. The study also highlights seed selection based on immediate characteristics, the cultural importance of seeds, and the need for supportive policies for family farming. A crucial aspect is the ongoing genetic segregation of Creole seeds, which allows them to adapt to environmental changes and resistance to pests and diseases, although it may result in inconsistencies in production. The artificial selection of Creole seeds by farmers can lead to the loss of valuable genes, underscoring the urgency of expanding the presence of specialized technicians. Family farming in Brazil is revealed in a complex manner, influenced by historical, cultural, and environmental factors.
Análise in silicode iniciadores de genes referência utilizados como normalizadores em estudos utilizando qPCR para avaliação da expressão de isolados de Klebsiella pneumoniae
(2019) Fonseca, Bárbara Schneyder Oliveira Pereira da; Almeida, Anna Carolina Soares; Nascimento, Crisvânia Pedrosa dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9308656350291661; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4891800920829895; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0924501124844316
Klebsiella pneumoniaeis a pathogenic bacterium considered to be an "urgent threat to human health"becausethe number of antibiotic-resistant bactéria is increasing, especially those considered to be the last line for its treatment, such as colistin.Forthis it is necessary to understand their mechanisms of resistance to know the best forms of treatment and to develop new drugs to treat infections. For this purpose, real-time quantitative PCR in relative expression studies has become one of the most effective tools to understand bacterial functioning at the transcriptional level, but for the results to be reliable and real, it is necessary to perform the normalization step, which among the possible the most common is through the useof reference genes. However, the choice of the genes to be used as normalizers among the genes pointed out in the literature has been controversial and, in many cases, with little reliability. This difficulty would be eliminated if there were a robust database for various types of studies for species other than humans and rats. Thus, there was a need to evaluate amongthe bacterial gene expression studies using qPCR, as normalizing genes and the primers used to amplify them.In a literature review, available in Pubmed, the 16Sand rpoBgenes were most commonly used as normalizers. Through in silico analysis after literature analysis it was possible to observe that the sequences of shared primer pairs were only smaller series within the ideal standard and the best ones in the future usedin later experiments, among others only one referring to one of the genes most commonly used, the 16S.
Análises morfométricas dos peixes da família Ostraciidae da costa Nordeste do Brasil
(2022-05-27) Pigot, Anthony Daniel Hannigan; Frédou, Thierry; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8119220407894290; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9593075785053242
Known as boxfish, the members of the Acanthostracion quadricornis, Acanthostracion polygonius and Lactophrys trigonus species are all part of the order Tetraodontiforme, family Ostraciidae. They present as a striking feature a body enclosed in a bony box with hexagonal plates, which is one of the reasons they are so easily recognizable, leaving only their fins, eyes and mouth on the outside of the box. All three species are distributed across the Atlantic in tropical and temperate waters and from the USA to Bermuda, the Caribbean, and from the Antilles to Brazil, where their distribution is wide, as they are found in the waters of the North and Northeast coasts, where large populations of these species are found in Brazil. They are marine animals associated with coral reefs, being found in depths of up to 80 m. This thesis´ objectives are limited to knowing more about the morphometry (relatively little is known about it) as well as the length-length relationships of these species, in addition to knowing if there are significant differences between two genera of the same family and the effects of the environment on the body of these fishes. This work provides information about a possible influence of body shape on the distribution of these species in relation to the shelf environments of the northeast region of Brazil. Caught individuals of each species were used to generate linear models, generating length-length relationships (LLR). The data obtained and used does not show a significant relationship between the distribution of species, regarding depth, habitats nor for the shape of their bodies. Body shape varied according to species, meaning possibly existing another mechanism, one with greater influence than the analyzed agents, affecting the shape of the body.
Aplicação da citometria de fluxo no estudo da resposta imune de pacientes com Leishmaniose tegumentar americana
(2019) Pereira, Allana Maria de Souza; Hernandes, Valéria Pereira; Oliveira, Beatriz Coutinho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1971181834355538; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9260270756078209; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0605182920865262
The American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is an infectious, non-contagious disease with an average of 1.3 million annual cases. Brazil shows the highest prevalence in number of reported cases in the Americas, where the specific agent is the species L. (V.) braziliensis. The diagnosis is commonly performed by an association of clinical, epidemiological and laboratorial tests. The immunological approaches which are most commonly used in the routine are the indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), however, they may present limitations. Therefore, alternative methods have been studied, and one of them is flow cytometry (FC). Thus, the aim of this work is to evaluate, by flow cytometry, the role of the humoral response in the development of cutaneous lesions of patients with the active disease before treatment (BT), and in those healed after therapeutic intervention (PT). Sera samples were inactivated. For the FC assays, promastigote forms of L. (V.) braziliensis obtained by the reference strain were expanded in Schneider’s medium until they reached exponential phase. After washing protocols, the concentration of the parasites was adjusted and they were fixed with 1% paraphormaldehyde. For the IFI and ELISA assays, the total antigen of L. (V.) braziliensis were used. In FC and IFI assays, the IgG antibody was conjugated to a fluorophore and in ELISA, to an enzyme. Regarding IFI results, from the evaluated sera, 92.85% (13/14) were positive on BT group, 61.54% (8/13) were positive 1 year PT, 70% (7/10) 2 years PT and 50% (5/10) 5 years PT were positive. In ELISA, 92.8% (13/14) of BT patients were positive; and 53.8% (7/13) 1 year PT, 88.8% (8/9) 2 years PT and 100% (5/5) 5 years PT (5/5) remained positive for ATL. In FC, 86% (12/14) of BT patients were positive and 77% (10/13), 80% (8/10) and 70% (7/10) of the patients 1, 2 and 5 PT, respectively, were negative for the assay. Based on the ROC curves analysis to compare the performance of the 3 tests, it was observed that the area under the curve (AUC) of IFI (AUC=0.879; IC95%= 0.754-0.954) was lower that FC’s (AUC= 0.890; IC95%=0.767-0.961), meaning it had a lower performance. Comparing ELISA and FC, it was observed that the AUC of ELISA (AUC=0.808; IC95%= 0.652-0.915) has differed from the one observed for FC (AUC= 0.896; IC95%= 0.758-0.970), where again, FC has shown a superior performance. As for the results of the IgG isotypes’ (IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3) standardization, it was observed that the best dilution for IgG1 was 1:400; for IgG2, 1:100; and for IgG3, 1:200. On the analysis to verify IgG1 applicability, it was seen that BT 63.2% of the patients were positive, and 1PT, 17.7%; 2PT, 72.8% and 5PT, 12.55% of the patients were positive. Therefore, we believe that FC can be used as a diagnostic tool for ATL since it is positive in the presence of the disease, being superior to the two conventional methods used in the laboratory routine. Also, the use of the IgG1 isotype has the ability to contribute as a more sensitive and specific diagnostic method when compared to the classical ones.
A Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Aldeia-Beberibe como local de pesquisa acadêmica: uma análise da produção científica realizada entre 2000 e 2022
(2024-10-04) Silva, Mariane Cássia da; Silva, Ana Carolina Borges Lins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7518216414237885; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1828286294878920
The Atlantic Forest is a critical global biodiversity hotspot. In the Brazilian Northeast, the Aldeia-Beberibe Environmental Protection Area (APA) plays a key role in forest conservation and the protection of headwaters for some of the region’s important rivers. Analysing the scientific studies conducted in this area provides insights into its biodiversity and aids in planning conservation efforts. This research aimed to assess how the area is being used for biodiversity studies, which locations are being accessed, and to understand the fields of research being published. A bibliographic survey covering the period from 2000 to 2022 was conducted, with data collection extending from September 2023 to June 2024, to examine scientific trends, categorizing studies by research areas, locations, and the involvement of other protected areas within the territory. The analysis revealed a gradual increase in research since the creation of APA Aldeia-Beberibe in 2010. Botany, Zoology, and Ecology were the most frequently published fields, with research concentrated in the Mata da Usina São José Wildlife Reserve (RVS) and the Dois Irmãos State Park (PEDI). These results provide significant insights into the local biodiversity, indicating better guidance for managing the APA Aldeia-Beberibe, as well as information for a more effective conservation strategies for this natural heritage.
Aspectos microbiológicos das especiarias comercializadas na Região Metropolitana do Recife/PE
(2022-04-18) Guedes, Fernanda Gabriela dos Santos; Shinohara, Neide Kazue Sakugawa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7105928729564845; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3714282848550009
The first great globalization of the Modern Age, initiated by the Portuguese and Spanish in the 15th and 16th centuries, was strongly stimulated by the search for new sources of spices, hitherto unknown to the European nobility and which were quickly incorporated into their culinary repertoire. The practice of using spices adds flavor and naturally preserves food, due to the presence of essential oils with antimicrobial action. The objective was to investigate the presence/absence of possible pathogens in spices: Black pepper (Piper nigrum), Oregano (Origanum vulgare) and Urucum (Bixa Orellana L.), marketed in the Metropolitan Region of Recife (RMR). Microbiological tests were carried out to verify the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the spices in compliance with current legislation. All samples were absent from Salmonella sp., Stapylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. In the research of molds and yeasts, the highest concentrations were found in oregano, followed by black pepper and annatto. The high presence of fungi in spices is a public health problem, due to the ability of some species to produce mycotoxins, causing carcinogenic and hepatotoxic conditions. This health risk requires monitoring by public management throughout the production and storage chain, to mitigate the deleterious effects on the consumer population and on products from the food industry.
Aspectos reprodutivos e caracterização dos otólitos do agulhão Tylosurus acus acus (Lacepède, 1803) no Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, Brasil
(2022-05-27) Falcão, Alice Cabral Delgado; Oliveira, Paulo Guilherme Vasconcelos de; Bezerra, Natália Priscila Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5613525779232672; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5700488412022830; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3782971920533955
The sailfish Tylosurus acus acus is a subspecies of belonid resident and abundant in the São Pedro and São Paulo archipelagos, for which there are no documented data on its biology throughout the South Atlantic Ocean. Reproduction and characterization of otoliths are important aspects to be studied, and unknown for T. acus acus. This study will provide the first information on the biology and characterization of otoliths of this species. From March 2019 to March 2020, 120 gonads were collected, measured, weighed, and used for the reproductive study, while 101 pairs of otoliths were collected. Gonads were classified macroscopically according to the Brown-Peterson scale. The ratio of gonads to each other was proposed by Schaeffer (1956). Mean length at sexual maturity was calculated using the relative frequency of adults per length class. Morphological characters were rostrum, antirostrum, acoustic sulcus, ostium, tail, and margins. The measures used for the calculated heights were morphometric measurements, length, and weight of the otolith, which were correlated with each other and with length. The observed sex ratio was 3.4F:1M, which could be due to sex separation. The monthly distribution of the proportion of maturation periods indicates that the site is likely a breeding area for the species. Abiotic and biotic factors, especially temperature, are essential for biological changes in the species. Correlations between high individuals suggest that measures of growth together and how they grow, as well as otolith changes. The information obtained in this study may contribute to the conservation of the Atlantic Ocean.
Atividade tripanocida de compostos bioativos oriundos de algas e cianobactérias: uma revisão
(2021-12-07) Moura, Yanara Alessandra Santana; Marques, Daniela de Araújo Viana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0788548123321981; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1018762976201930
Chagas disease (CD), classified as a neglected tropical disease second to World Health Organization, is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which can assume two evolutive forms in the human host: trypomastigote and amastigote. DC possesses two clinical phases, the acute phase (generally asymptomatic) and the chronic phase (which can affect the cardiovascular, digestive and/or nervous systems). The currently available drugs to treat CD, benznidazole (BZN) and nifurtimox (NFX), are known for their high toxic profile, especially NFX. BZN, the first-line treatment, possesses limited efficacy in the chronic phase of CD and mechanisms of resistance had been associated to it. Thus, new compounds with trypanocidal activity are necessary to act as an alternative treatment against CD. Natural compounds are described as promising alternative for antiparasitic treatment. Algae and cyanobacteria are promising sources of bioactive compounds since they perform various biological activities reported in the literature, including antiparasitic activity. Therefore, this work aimed to make a review exploiting the antiparasitic activity of the biocompounds from algae and cyanobacteria against both trypomastigote and amastigote forms of T. cruzi. For this, it was conducted a search in Science Direct, Medline (PubMed), Web of Science (WoS), Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, Scielo, and MDPI. In total, 15 studies were included and the Rhodophyta and Ochrophyta phyla are the more studied and more promising for anti-T cruzi activity. The macroalgae Dictyota dichotoma and Ulva lactuca were the most studied. However, the highest antiparasitic activity was presented by the extract from macroalgae Stypopodium zonale, based on the extract concentration that can inhibit the parasites by 50% (IC50), while the species Tetraselmis suecica and Nostoc commune exhibited the best IC50 values among microalgae and cyanobacteria, respectively. Among all studies, only four active principles were identified, being elatol compound from Laurencia dendroidea the most promising based on its SI values for trypomastigotes (SI = 19.56) and amastigotes (SI = 26.73). The only in vivo study showed that microalgae Arthrospira maxima can be effective in T. cruzi-infected mice as treatment or prophylaxis. Although anti-T. cruzi activity of algal and cyanobacterial biocompounds is promising, further studies should exploit the mechanisms of action of the compounds, as well as new in vivo studies are required to make feasible future applications of these compounds for clinical trials in the treatment of CD.
Atualização e ampliação da coleção da infraordem: Isoptera (Blattodea) do insetário do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
(2018) Oliveira, Janaina Barbosa de; Albuquerque, Auristela Correia de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4119552204089701; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5052554405281819
Knowing the importance of the entomological collections for taxonomic, ecological and economically important studies, the present work aimed to expand the collection of the humid way of Infraordem Isoptera, Department of Biology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, with the purpose of favoring the development of research related to the Isoptera infraordem, due to the ecological and economic importance that termites exert in society. Through data collection, it was possible to know the most representative genus and species in the collection, as well as the environments and sites with the greatest number of species. The new species were conditioned in glass containers with a capacity of 5 ml to 10 ml, depending on the size of the specimen, containing ethanol (ethyl alcohol) at 80%. The collection currently has 43 species, distributed in 09 subfamilies and 27 genera, in a total of 80 lots. The family Termitidae is more representative with 04 subfamilies, Apicotermitinae, Syntermitinae, Nasutitermitinae and Termitinae, 19 genera and 34 species (Anoplotermes sp., A. banksi, Atlantitermes sp., Armitermes holmgreni, Amitermes amifer, A. nordestinus, Cavitermes tuberosus, Cylindrotermes sapiranga, Constrictotermes cyphergaster, Diversitermes diversimilles, Embiratermes neotenicus, E. parvirostris, Ibitermes curupira, Labiotermes labralis, Labiotermes sp., Aparatermes sp., Microcerotermes indistinctus, Nasutitermes callimorphus, N. corniger, N. ephratae, N. gaigei, Nasutitermes sp., N. kemneri, N. macrocephalus, N. jaraguae, N. obscurus, Neocapritermes opacus, Syntermes grandis, S. nanus, Velocitermes sp., Orthognatotermes sp., O. tubesauassu, Termes medioculatus, Termes sp.). Seguida pela família Kalotermitidae com 05 gêneros e 06 espécies (Tauritermes sp., Neotermes paraensis, Neotermes cf fulvescens, Cryptotermes brevis, Calcaritermes rioensis, Glyptotermes sp.) e pela família Rhinotermitidae, com 03 gêneros e 03 espécies, (Rhinotermes marginalis, Heterotermes longiceps e Coptotermes gestroi). Followed by the Kalotermitidae family with 05 genera and 06 species (Tauritermes sp., Neotermes paraensis, Neotermes cf fulvescens, Cryptotermes brevis, Calcaritermes rioensis, Glyptotermes sp.) and by the family Rhinotermitidae, with 03 genera and 03 species, (Rhinotermes marginalis, Heterotermes longiceps e Coptotermes gestroi). The Isoptera collection of UFRPE, when compared to other existing collections, is still small and has few specimens; however, it already has its share of contribution, with the development of research, as far as taxonomic, ecological and economic importance studies are concerned. Species numbers are expected to increase with new introductions, making the collection richer.
Avaliação da cafeína no controle da infecção experimental de macrófago por Salmonella typhimurium
(2019) Almeida, Ingrydt de Alcântara; Lima Filho, José Vitor Moreira; Tavares, Lethicia Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4128808335995892; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9476972124107533; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015462685217823
Salmonellosis is an infectious disease transmitted mainly by foods contaminated with bacteria of the genus Salmonella, among them Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, which can cause gastroenteritis until sepsis and septic shock in groups at risk. Organic compounds for pharmacological purposes are being increasingly tested. Among these compounds, caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), one of the most used pharmacological and psychostimulant substances in the world. Severalstudies have demonstrated its role as a therapeutic adjunct, immunomodulator and adenosine receptor antagonist (ARs). In view of this, the objective was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of caffeine in peritoneal macrophages infected with Salmonella enterica Sor. Typhimurium. For this, in vitro tests were performed with cultures of macrophages exposed to caffeine concentrations to determine the degree of cytotoxicity of the compound; curative and preventive tests of cell viability, in order to evaluate cellular survival and quantification of intracellular bacteria, aiming to analyze the clearance of the pathogen from the intracellular medium. A direct antibacterial activity test was also carried out to evaluate the efficacy of caffeine in preventing the development of S. typhimurium. The results demonstrated that caffeine did not produce a toxic effect on the uninfected macrophages at the concentrations used, promoted a greater viability of the infected macrophages, but was not able to act as a direct bactericide. Caffeine contributed to the survival of macrophages infected with S. Typhimurium, having potential for the control of bacterial infections.