01. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE (Sede)
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/1
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Influência do monocultivo de pau-brasil (Paubrasilia echinata Lam E. Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis, Fabaceae) na regeneração e fauna edáfica em área de Mata Atlântica de Pernambuco(2023-09-21) Nogueira, Natália Dias Guerra; Gonçalves, Maria da Penha Moreira; Lima, Tarcísio Viana de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0814281560377954; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0539509819672370; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1735222852823675Restoration processes of tropical forests can be conducted through the planting of native species in degraded areas caused by human activities, aiming for the gradual reconstruction of a dynamic and biodiverse ecosystem. However, little is known about the performance of a native species planted in a monocultural model for restoration purposes. Based on this principle, the objective of this research was to assess the influence of the monocultural system with Paubrasilia echinata on the regeneration flora and soil fauna in the understory of a Semideciduous Seasonal Forest environment in Pernambuco. For this purpose, two areas were selected: one in passive restoration with a plantation of Pau-Brasil aged over 50 years (BPB), and an adjacent Native Forest (MN) area used as a control area, both within a protected area of the Tapacurá Ecological Station, an advanced campus of UFRPE. A survey of natural regeneration and soil fauna was conducted as ecological indicators in both areas, with a total of 6 plots measuring 600m² each. For regeneration, tree individuals with a Circumference at Breast Height (CBH) of up to 15cm and a minimum height of 1m were measured, identified to the species level, and classified by origin, dispersal syndrome, and ecological groups. Richness was determined by the species list, and diversity was assessed using Shannon-Weaver Diversity Indices, Simpson's Dominance, and Pielou's Evenness. The species were analyzed both horizontally and in 3 height classes. To evaluate the soil fauna, pitfall traps were used, 9 in each area, the collected organisms were screened and identified, when possible, at order level. The analysis of the edaphic fauna was made through the ANAFAU program, which provides ecological indexes and information on the structure of the community. The results of the ecological indexes of the two indicators were compared by the Hutcheson t test in the PAST program. As a result, in natural regeneration the area of MN presented greater richness and higher values of diversity and equability, while the area of BPB presented higher dominance due to the superior and expressive presence of individuals in regeneration of the species. There was a significant statistical difference for the diversity and dominance of natural regeneration among the studied areas. In both areas it was observed a greater number of zoochoric species and highlight to the ecological group of early secondary. Only in the area of MN there were records of exotic species. Individuals were observed in the three height classes in both areas, being the MN with the highest number of species with this representation. Regarding the edaphic fauna, higher values of abundance in the BPB area and greater richness in the MN area were verified, and the soil fauna diversity was similar between the areas. The orders Collembola, Hymenoptera and Diptera were highlighted for the two areas. The order Orthoptera was found in greater abundance and frequency in the BPB area. Therefore, the monoculture of Brazilwood has been negatively influencing the stratum of natural regeneration in questions of plant diversity and has been affecting the proportion of some groups of soil fauna.Item Composição química, atividade citotóxica, acaricida e antioxidante do óleo essencial das flores de Caesalpinia echinata (Pau-brasil)(2021-12-10) Rodrigues, Lucas Vitor Batista; Camara, Cláudio Augusto Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5615678215435460; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7934872766687903Belonging to the family Fabaceae, Caesalpinia echinata is a tree endemic to Brazil, popularly known as pau-brasil. It was widely explored because of the quality of its wood and the produc-tion of a red pigment and much coveted in colonial times for dyeing fabrics and due to predatory extractivism, it was almost extinct. Currently, wood is much sought after for the manufacture of bows for violins for its ideal stiffness and density. The scarcity of chemical and biological studies of different parts of the plant motivated the chemical composition of the essential oil of the flowers as well as the evaluation of the acaricide, cytotoxicity properties against saline ar-temia and antioxidant. The flowers of C. echinata were collected on the campus of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. The essential oil (EO) was extracted from the hydrodistilla-tion technique by a modified Clevenger type apparatus. The chemical composition of the oil was determined by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. Residual contact was the method selected to evaluate the acaricide action on Tetranychus urticae and the biological model selected for cytotoxicity evaluation was That of A. salina. The EO of the flowers pre-sented monoterpenes as the main chemical class. The main compounds identified were linalool (32.33%), Z-jasmona (14.94%) and [beta]-E-ocimene (10.44%). The essential oil for the control of T. urticae presented a LC50 = 290.15 uL/mL. The EO revealed an antioxidant capacity for the free radical DPPH˙ estimated at EC50 = 364.10 ug/mL, while for the free radical ABTS˙+ was EC50 = 280.50 ug/mL. The oil exhibited a LC50 = 97.41ug/mL for the toxicity test against A. salina. This study showed that the essential oil of C. echinata flowers has acaricide, antioxidant and cytotoxic biological property against A. salina.Item A quem serve a lei do rei: o comércio ilegal de pau-brasil em Pernambuco nas últimas décadas do século XVIII(2021-12-07) Barbosa, Luciana Lima de Andrade; Abril, Victor Hugo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7978574619584394; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4624755136490721Smuggling was, and is, a constant in contemporary Brazilian society, developing a social role for each niche. But this is not a current, contemporary practice, it has been present in the country since the beginning of Portuguese colonization, and as well as today, it had its social role. Among many other smuggled products, brazilwood stands out, exploited since the moment the Portuguese arrived in this land, and proving to be a great source of profit, immediately became a target for misuse. Taking its trade as a monopoly, the Portuguese Crown tried hard to combat the misuse of Brazilwood, but it was not always successful in this fight, as shown in documents covering from 1786 to 1791 and dealing with the smuggling of Brazilwood in Pernambuco even after two centuries of Portuguese domination.