TCC - Licenciatura em Química (UAST)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/2946
Navegar
32 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Vermicompostagem como tecnologia aplicada à valorização da matéria orgânica de resíduos do milho, nas condições edafoclimáticas do sertão pernambucano(2019-12-11) Siqueira, Andreza Jayane Nunes de; Nunes, Ramom Rachide; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6182302726895126; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5272674335190028This research presents the vermicomposting as an environmental technology applied in the recycling and treatment of waste obtained in the maize production, taking into consideration the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Pernambuco Backwoods, under the perspective of the Environmental Chemistry. In addition, a physical and chemical study of vermicomposting were carried out. Vermicomposting is a process of biological transformation, as well as bio-oxidation and stabilization of organic matter (OM), turning it into a fertilizer of high agricultural potential. In this study, the vermicomposts were produced adding residues of corn, straw and cob, also adding goat manure and sawdust as organic substrate. In each vermicompostor 250 Eisenia fetida earthworms. were added. During the 120 days of the experiment, the following chemical attributes were analyzed: total solids (TS), pH, total organic carbon (TOC), organic matter (OM) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The pH, TOC and OM results showed a decrease in their values during the vermicomposting process; while the CTC content increased. Both trends indicated that vermicomposts reached stability and maturity desired. In addition, worms showed good adaptation to vermicompostors. Thus, it was concluded that vermicomposting can be used as an effective technology for corn waste treatment and production of agricultural inputs. In the future, it is expected to apply the composed of new corn crops, renewing the cycle of the production chain, under conditions of cycling its organic matter and nutrients in favor of the agrarian and social development of the interior of the Brazilian Northeast.Item Análise das interações discursivas em uma oficina didática interdisciplinar sobre modelos atômicos(2019-07-10) Rezende, Luana Russana Ferreira; Silveira, Thiago Araújo da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5110982163642369; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5110982163642369; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4751253414418946The last years, research in chemistry teaching has search to promote resources to overcome the limitations presented in the traditional teaching model and that take into account the articulation between science, technology and the contextualization with the environment that the students are inserted. Therefore, this study analyzes the discursive interactions through a proposal of an interdisciplinary didactic workshop on atomic models with students of the first (1st) year of high school of a public school of the interior state network of Pernambuco. As a foundation, important references were considered about didactic workshops and theoretical orientations on dialogicity, hermeneutics, dialectics and complexity. The research methodology included the collection of data for videography of the five (5) stages of the workshop and subsequently to the analysis of this corpus to evaluate resources, directions and construction of meanings in the dialogues in the context of the interdisciplinary didactic workshops based on the list of observables proposed by Flores (2010),taking into account the theories presented above. As a result of this research, it was possible to identify that the workshop proposal as an active methodology that contributes to the students' socialization process by stimulating the articulation between doing, feeling and acting in a certain activity in sets and for building knowledge through dialogue. It is possible to conclude that the interdisciplinary didactic workshops allow great moments of interaction between student-student and student-teacher, which it should be well planned by the teacher to work the scientific concepts addressing through themes of the student's daily life and to have the decentralization of the speeches.Item Estudo da água de tanques de piscicultura para uso em um sistema integrado de agricultura: um estudo químico e hormono-similar em prol do desenvolvimento agrário no interior da região nordeste(2019-12-11) Maia, Hermógenes Bezerra; Nunes, Ramom Rachide; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6182302726895126; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1881302618582553The low natural fertility of Brazilian soils is due, in the most part, to their high acidity and nutrient levels below those needed for cropproduction. This problem is more accentuated in the interior of the Brazilian Northeast, due to its edaphoclimatic conditions, characterized by their dry climate and irregular rainfall pattern. In another context, fish farming is becoming moreprominent and growing in the region, as aquaculture demands less water than conventional livestock, with an average of 800 L of water per kg of fish produced. Even in its importance, fish farming is considered an activity that generatespotentially toxic effluents, because it has a high content of organic matter (OM) and nutrients. Taking both issues as a challenge — the problem of poor soil fertility and effluent generation by aquaculture — the implementation of an integrated agriculture-fish farming system would be an interesting alternative as it would aim at reusing water from fish farms through enhancement of OM and nutrient recycling through irrigation, promoting benefits for crop production and agrarian development. Part of these benefits is imputed to the hormone-like activity, attributed to the presence of organic molecules that make up the OM fractions. In this sense, the present work aimed to conduct a chemical study of water from fish ponds for use in irrigation of plants of economic interest, besides evaluating the hormone-like activity of OM present in the analyzed samples. Fish farming water samples (FFW) were collected from the Cooperativa dos Produtores do Vale do Itaparica (COOPVALE), in the municipality of Itacuruba (PE) and their characteristics (pH, EC, turbidity, nutrients and TOC) were determined. To evaluate hormone-like activity, bioassays were performed with cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seeds, with different carbon concentrations, present in the FFW. According to the results obtained in the characterization of pisciculture water, it is considered that its chemical characteristics allow the use in irrigation ofplants of economic interest. In the bioassays it waspossible to observe the biostimulant action of FFW at concentrations from 5.0 mg C L-1. Furthermore, it is considered that the higher the carbon concentration in the FFW sample, the greater the biological response, as observed in the increase of C. sativus root growth index. Thus, it is concluded that it is possible to recycle and reuse the OM and nutrients of fish water in cropproduction,in favor of agrarian development within the NE Region, in an integrated system, agriculture-fish farming, in an organic farming system. agroecological, mimicking a cultivation in a family nucleus system, in the interior of the Northeast, in the Pernambuco hinterland.Item Estudo computacional dos mecanismos de formação do púrpura de ruhemann(2019-07-16) Medeiros, Miguel Arcanjo Farias Leão Brasil de; Aguiar, Eduardo Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0178694896688192; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5545237324470650Ninhydrin is often used to identify latent fingerprints (IDL) in crime scenes using Ruhemann's Purple pigment (RR) formation. This reaction occurs due to the several amino acids released by the eccrine gland whose excretory channel is directly into the pores of the skin. Ninhydrin was applied as IDL developer agent for the first time in 1954, since then it has become a popular reagent for the detection of fingerprints on porous surfaces. The literature reports three different proposals for mechanisms and there is no consensus about the preferential reaction route. The only computational work that addresses attention the mechanisms does not consider the importance of the thermal corrections that are indispensable to support its conclusions. In this sense, this work makes a computational effort in order to describe the thermodynamics of the mechanisms of McCaldin, Lamothe and Friedman to provide a better understanding of the reaction route. The values of total energy variation (ΔE) and the thermodynamic parameters ΔrG, ΔrH and ΔrS of the steps present in the McCaldin, Lamothe and Friedman mechanisms were calculated with B3LYP hybrid functional and base function 6-31++G(d,p) and compared to the ΔE values obtained in the literature at ab initio HF/6-31G* calculation level. It is important to mention that both HF and B3LYP results of the present work agree in some steps and disagree in others, which can be attributed to the use of a correlated B3LYP method and larger basis function 6-31++G(d,p). In this sense, the results obtained in this work provide greater reliability because of the more complete descriptions of the organic molecules present in the mechanisms. The calculation indicates that RP formation step, the dehydration of an amine intermediate known as Strecker amine will react with another ninhydrin molecule to form the desired product, the step being more energetic. We also note that the amine intermediate can be consumed to form another by-product, present in the mechanisms of McCaldin, Lamothe, and Friedman. In all three cases, the increase in temperature favors the path of RR formation. The mechanisms were endothermic (+34.41 kJ/mol) and exergonic (-94.69 kJ/mol) at the calculation levels used in this work, in agreement with the experimental observationsItem Estudo das concepções sobre o novo ensino médio dos gestores e professores de ciências da rede de educação básica estadual de Pernambuco(2019-12-10) Lima, Lucas da Silva; Silveira, Thiago Araújo da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5110982163642369The New High School name by which it became known changes that Law no. 13,415 / 17 makes the LDB 1996, brings two major changes in this stage of basic education: one of workload and another curriculum. A structural change in high school focuses on the subjects that make up education systems in different ways. In this sense, this paper aims to analyze the conceptions of social actors affected by these measures regarding the legal framework regarding the feasibility, performance and knowledge; and curriculum theories, which are the rational, critical and post-critical. To this end, semistructured interviews were conducted with science teachers and the manager of a school in Calumbi-PE and a servant of the Pernambuco Department of Education. For data analysis, Minayo's Hermeneutic-Dialectical Analysis (2008) was used. When analyzing the data, we observed that the science teachers and the school manager understand that the viability of the proposals is limited and explain from the context in which the school in which they work is inserted, and the server of the Pernambuco Department of Education, conceives feasibility as possible in almost all of the legal framework. Regarding performance, science teachers do not accurately explain their role within the changes, while SEDUC's manager and server do so. The SEDUC server and the school manager are those whose speeches most closely match what is written in the legal framework. Regarding the curriculum, those that are more present in the interviewees' speeches were the traditional ones and the criticisms, although there are sporadic elements of different theories in all the speeches. In this context, we found that the conceptions of the investigated subjects have a strong relationship with the context and the curriculum view they present. As this is a preliminary study, as implementation is still in its infancy and the Pernambuco curriculum is still being formulated, further studies with different approaches are needed to reach a better understanding of the implications of a change in educational policies such as this one.Item Webqnano: estratégia de promoção do ensino por investigação num curso de formação de professores de química(2019-12-06) Silva, José Lucena Nunes da; Câmara, Maria Suely Costa da; Nascimento, Hemerson Henrique Ferreira do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5532203781894397; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9163311260887432; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4579019874007933We are living times singed by fast changes; the rising of new technologies has made information access immediate. Those technologies have been gaining ground in the whole society but especially in school; their open access character as well as their dynamic usage in teaching-learning processes have become patent. With those new digital information and communications technologies (DICT), proposals for strategies based on those kinds of resources are more and more frequent in all modalities and stages of education. Hence, the WebQuest (WQ) is a tool for teachers settle reliable information from the web and conduct guided research activities with their students. In this scenario, we created, implemented and assessed potentialities of a WebQest on Nanosciene & Nanotchnology in a Chemistry teachers training course; the choice for that subject-matter is due to the science-technology assembly significance to that field and because of its influence in contemporary world. During the research process the interventional activities were conducted, in a qualitative approach, with a group of students from the Chemistry Teaching graduate course offered by the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), at the Serra Talhada campus; regarding the research goals, it is qualified as an exploratory investigation and an evaluative study, to the methodological procedures. When it comes to data collection, it was conducted using a questionnaire, from students’ works and by audiography/transcription from its presentation in an eight class sequence. For data interpretation, we applied Moraes and Galiazzi (2006) Textual Discursive Analysis (TDA) and Rocha (2014) WebQuest adapted Bloom’s taxonomy. According to the results, we could conclude the media we produced had a good acceptance among students and proved to be a suitable pedagogical tool for mobilizing available resources on the web, besides stimulating a kind of inquiry-based learning. In doing so, the WQ strategy also proved to be a good environment for interaction and substantive knowledge construction.Item Estudos de docking molecular de derivados da acridina como potenciais intercaladores de DNA e inibidores da topoisomerase IIα(2019) Castro, Ana Caroline dos Santos; Souza, Túlio Ricardo Couto de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8553398552801408; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1602344499679019Cancer is a disease that affects about 13% of the world's population per year and has many types of treatments. Among these treatments the most used is chemotherapy, which consists in the use of drugs to control the tumor. For this reason, it is necessary to study new drugs with antitumor activities in order to improve therapy, since current methods still cause many adverse effects. Thus, our objective was to evaluate through molecular docking studies the mechanism of action of acridine derivatives that have known antitumor activity, such as potential DNA intercalators and topoisomerase IIα inhibitors, as well as their pharmacokinetic properties. Thus, eight molecules from an in vitro study were selected, which showed good experimental results against seven tumor types, namely: Breast (MCF-7), liver (HEP-2), colo (COLO-205), (502713), (HCT-15), lung (A-549) and neuroblastoma (IMR-32). These coincided with the in silico results of the present study, where for the three receptor types, binding energies in the range of -8.25 kcal·mol-1 to -10.68 kcal·mol-1 were obtained, making it clear that these compounds may act as intercalating agents. Thus, one can state that the results of the docking study and the pharmacokinetic properties indicate that there is a formation of stable complexes of acridine derivatives with the receptors, showing potentials for topoisomerase IIα inhibition by poisoning. This suggests that the mechanisms used in this study are plausible and these compounds have promising properties as an antitumoral agents.Item Uso do planejamento brereton para confecção de polímeros e biopolímeros na remoção de azul de metileno em meio aquoso com detecção no UV-VIS(2019) Diniz, Amanda Caroline de Oliveira; Nascimento, Elaine Cristina Lima do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1224379023006746; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3991664513262160Pollution of water resources is a serious problem to be dealt with, as it comes from synthetic tailings that are thrown into bodies of water that damage all fauna and flora in the environmental compartment. Thus, research has been emerging to reduce and / or remove toxic products, heavy metals and effluent dyes in aquatic systems. As a result, there is a range of developed materials acting as adsorbents or biosorbents for the treatment of the water system. As the objective of this work make films of different matrices (starch and PVC) with or without reinforcement (sisal fiber) to obtain the best removal rate. Thus, the Brereton 54 planning was used to make the films, which took into account several factors such as matrix, reinforcement, plasticizer and solvent, where it generated polymers (PVC), biopolymers (maize starch), biocomposites (maize and sisal fiber powder), composites (PVC and sisal) and polymeric blends (cornstarch and PVC with or without sisal). These were made according to the planning tests, using the 6-film solvent evaporation technique where they were physically evaluated by visual inspection and UV-VIS spectrometry. As a result, in general, the films presented few uniform, resistant and without bubbles, highlighting that the E4BC10 biocomposite and E1CO10 composite films showed higher removal rate of me.Item O processo de elaboração de problemas por licenciandos em química: concepções, sentimentos e a mobilização de atitudes(2019) Alves, Vanessa Ramos; Silva, Flávia Cristiane Vieira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7354496286889274; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4946358936102673Experiments with the methodology of problem solving, during the initial formation of chemistry teachers, can be important for the teacher preparation of these professionals, allowing to exercise a teaching of chemistry consistent with the reality of Students. Also, by solving problems, we can promote the development of conceptual, procedural and attitudinal contents. The present study aimed to analyze the process of elaboration of problems by undergraduate students in chemistry, paying attention to the conceptions, the feelings of the undergraduate students, during the process, and the mobilization of attitudes during the elaboration of the problem. For this, the undergraduate students reported their conceptions through a structured interview, which produced narrative discourses. These discourses were analyzed through narrative analysis, considering the traits of Hermeneutic compositionality, canonicity and violation and referentiality. The feelings expressed by the undergraduate students were identified through testimonies at the end of each lesson in the sequence of problems elaboration and submitted to narrative analysis through hermeneutic compositionality, to define categories of Feelings. The mobilization of attitudes was analyzed based on the elaboration of the problems and the proposition of attitudes, by the undergraduate students, who could possibly be developed by solving the problem. The attitudes were categorized with respect to science, with respect to the learning of science and with respect to the social implications of science. In general, the conceptions present a lot of similarity with theoretical and methodological aspects of problem solving; Feelings revealed a satisfaction in the process of developing problems and the undergraduate students mobilized attitudes in the elaboration of problems, mostly related to the social implications of science. Thus, we believe that the contact of the undergraduate students with the methodology of problem solving during graduation can provide intentions for a possible application of this methodological approach in their future teaching practice.Item Prospecção química e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana do extrato etanólico das folhas de Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl.(2019) Pereira, Paulo Sérgio da Silva; Souza, Carlos André de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2774801228288889; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7936364947867276The discovery of antibiotics was a milestone for protection against serious diseases, but with the indiscriminate use of these drugs there were mutations in some microorganisms, which developed some resistance to some known drugs, due to this it was necessary to search for biomolecules from some organisms such as plants, that have important molecular diversity that can contribute to the resolution of this problem, becoming crucial for the development of new drugs. The objective of this work was to analyze some chemical constituents of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. (Baraúna), found in the Mata da Pimenteira State Park located in the municipality of Serra Talhada Pernambuco, verifying its antimicrobial potential. For this purpose, some methodologies were used in the literature to perform qualitative phytochemical tests, quantification of total polyphenols, high performance liquid chromatography and multipole agar test to verify and quantify the antimicrobial capacity of the crude ethanolic extract (EEB) of Baraúna, gallic acid , antibiotic (amoxicillin), and a mixture of antibiotic and EEB from barauna. The following phytochemical qualitative tests were identified: tannins, phenols, flavonols, flavonones, flavonoids, flavones, xanthones and alkaloids. 571 μg / mL of total polyphenols were obtained, the presence of gallic acid and possible identification of vanillin and caffeic acid were revealed in HPLC. Microbiological tests of BSE of barauna and amoxicillin in a mixture showed minimal inhibition concentration against all icroorganisms tested as: Klebsiella pneumoniae (1600 μg / mL), Bacillus subtillis (800 μg / mL), Samonella sp. and Escherichia coli (1600 μg / ml). It is possible to conclude the presence of gallic acid as a major component in addition to other classes of secondary metabolites. It was possible to prove that the best synergistic activity (extract + antibiotic) was for Bacillus subtillis.