TCC - Licenciatura em Química (UAST)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/2946
Navegar
Item Estudo computacional das reações SN2 e E2: efeito do impedimento estérico do substrato e nucleófilo(2017) Carvalho Júnior, Jailson Alves de; Souza, Túlio Ricardo Couto de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8553398552801408; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5851976775229056Reactions SN2 and E2 are typical reactions of organic chemistry and there are a multitude of reactions in this segment, these are presented as fundamental in the synthesis, both in industry and in nature. And based on these utilities, we will show here the influence of some variables such as substrate, nucleophile and solvent will favor one of the two reactions, although they occur simultaneously, but with predominance of one over the other in all cases. Thus, in the present work two theoretical computational methods were developed with the aid of the GAUSSIAN 5.0.8 programfor the kinetic and thermodynamic study of these reactions, as well as the ideal conditions for their occurrence. In the first part of the study, there was a relative comparison between the two reactions at the semiempirical level AM1 and PM6, in the two methods the E2 reactions did not have expected behavior for the primary alkyl halides, whereas SN2 in the AM1 method also caused anomalous results, but In the PM6 method was presented as expected. Thus the study of the E2 reactions was terminated. The second part of the study was focused only on the SN2 reactions, in which several experiments were performed with different electrophiles and nucleophiles simulating an implicit methanol solvate medium (IEFPCM) at semiempirical PM6 level. The results were optimistic and corresponded to the expectations of the study, where factors such as steric effects on the electrophile, nucleophile and reactive medium had positive influences on the final result, following a tendency of reactivity imposed by experimental analyzes.Item Efeito do óleo de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb) obtido na feira livre de Princesa Isabel – PB, sobre Callosobruchus maculatus em feijão armazenado(2018) Lima, Edna Alves de; Silva, Renato Augusto da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5111987334920733; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3607195370784211The Cowpea bean, Vigna unguiculata (Fabaceae), has an extraordinary role in feeding the population of the north and northeast regions of the country. However this culture is still detrimental to the loss of 10% of production due to the attack of insect-pests and use of synthetic chemical pesticides. In the present work the effect of the oil of Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) As natural defensive, was studied on the dry rot (Callosobruchus maculatus) in Beanscowpea both acquired in the city of Princess Isabelle, Sertão of Paraíba. The methodology is very simple and can be reproduced in a domestic environment, because there is no need for the use of toxic substances, the oil of pequi used in cooking and alternative medicine. For the experiment it was used only of plastic containers, account drops and domestic balance, all low cost and commercially accessible. Concentration of 0.0 mg to 167.0 mg of oil per 20g of beans were analyzed and as a result was estimated the average lethal concentration (LC50) = 98.24 by means of linear regression. The good results presented here revealed that Pequi oil can be an economically viable and affordable alternative to the management of the rot in stored beancowpea beans.Item Síntese do pigmento CoCr2O4 pelo método de gelatina comercial(2018) Sousa, Tassia Pereira de; Câmara, Maria Suely Costa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9163311260887432; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7879045291487919There is a growing interest of the ceramic industries in developing more stable pigments that are low cost and little environmental damage. The ceramic industries mainly use pigments of predominantly inorganic nature, such pigments are the most used because they havean excellent chemical and thermal stability besides a lower toxicity to the man and few environmental damages. The most commonly used inorganic pigments used in ceramics are mixed oxides with spinel structure and AB2O4. Spinels are one of the most interesting crystalline structures in the development of stable and chemically inert pigments. In this structure, ions of different oxidation states are present in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites. In addition, there are several ways of arranging the cationsat these sites (normal and inverse spinel). These characteristics led to the development of different colors, being these intense and stable, suitable for use as pigments. Among the compounds used as ceramic pigments, we have highlighted CoCr2O4which is a mineral oxide belonging to the group of spinel, such structures cover a group of well-establishedmagnetic materials that may have a green coloration. The objective of the present work was to synthesize the CoCr2O4pigment using commercial gelatin as precursor and to characterize the following techniques: Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Xray diffraction (XRD), surface area (BET), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) spectroscopy in the infrared region (FTIR), and colorimetric measurements by the CIEL*a*b*method. The route of synthesis used was confirmed viable from the results. Crystalline, monophasic and high surface area compounds were obtained. The powders presented green coloration with phase obtained from 500 ºC.Item A compreensão de estudantes do ensino médio sobre a temática alimentação saudável a partir de questões sociocientíficas(2019) Menezes, Julyene da Silva; Bezerra, Bruna Herculano da Silva; Silva, Flávia Cristiane Vieira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7354496286889274; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1039531472437739; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7609654829609186In the present work we propose to analyze the meanings and meanings, as well as the main preconceptions of the first year students of High School on the theme of healthy eating, through the development and application of a didactic sequence based on STS relations and the approach to questions socio-scientific. For this, we developed a field research of qualitative nature divided into two phases: delimitation of the context and the subjects of the research and elaboration of the didactic sequence and, finally, application of this one. In the first phase, we defined the subjects of the research and the place of application of the sequence, a regular school of the municipality of Serra Talhada-PE participant in the Pedagogical Residence Program of UFRPE / UAST and then we elaborated the didactic sequence in the 5E model. The second phase consisted of the application of the sequence in 15 50-minute classes, addressing the concepts of chemical elements and periodic table within the theme of healthy eating, the biases of nutrients naturally present in foods, impacts that the lack or excess of these bring to health and contamination of food by heavy metals from fertilizers and the breakdown of ore dams (Mariana and Brumadinho). For this purpose, we use materials selected or elaborated specifically for this purpose, such as questionnaire, news, play, summary and two socio-scientific questions based on cases. The data analyzed were constructed in two phases of the sequence, the phase of engagement, in which we sought to map the main conceptions of the students on the subject, and the evaluation phase, where we delimited two episodes of the resolution of the second SSI and analyzed the semantic relations and STS aspects emerging in each one by virtue of the wide variety of constructed data. In general, the proposed sequence proved to be very efficient in addressing the issue, a very wise socio-scientific question, with which the students felt extremely at ease and interested in discussing and thus bringing about a vast heterogeneity of conceptions, senses and meanings the mobilization of aspects relevant to the STS relationship.Item Uso do planejamento brereton para confecção de polímeros e biopolímeros na remoção de azul de metileno em meio aquoso com detecção no UV-VIS(2019) Diniz, Amanda Caroline de Oliveira; Nascimento, Elaine Cristina Lima do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1224379023006746; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3991664513262160Pollution of water resources is a serious problem to be dealt with, as it comes from synthetic tailings that are thrown into bodies of water that damage all fauna and flora in the environmental compartment. Thus, research has been emerging to reduce and / or remove toxic products, heavy metals and effluent dyes in aquatic systems. As a result, there is a range of developed materials acting as adsorbents or biosorbents for the treatment of the water system. As the objective of this work make films of different matrices (starch and PVC) with or without reinforcement (sisal fiber) to obtain the best removal rate. Thus, the Brereton 54 planning was used to make the films, which took into account several factors such as matrix, reinforcement, plasticizer and solvent, where it generated polymers (PVC), biopolymers (maize starch), biocomposites (maize and sisal fiber powder), composites (PVC and sisal) and polymeric blends (cornstarch and PVC with or without sisal). These were made according to the planning tests, using the 6-film solvent evaporation technique where they were physically evaluated by visual inspection and UV-VIS spectrometry. As a result, in general, the films presented few uniform, resistant and without bubbles, highlighting that the E4BC10 biocomposite and E1CO10 composite films showed higher removal rate of me.Item Análise da transposição didática do conteúdo de ligação iônica no contexto do ensino médio do Sertão do Pajeú(2019) Lima, Marcelo Igor dos Santos; Silva, Flávia Cristiane Vieira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7354496286889274; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1823615287816932The present research had the objective of analyzing the external and internal didactic transposition of the ionic bond content in the context of High School in the Sertão do Pajeú. The notion of didactic transposition, proposed by Yves Chevallard (1991), consists of a process in which knowledge is submitted to a set of modifications, from the academic sphere (knowing wise) to the school environment, in two stages: external (resulting not knowing to be taught) and internal (resulting in the knowledge taught). The research is haracterized asqualitative and was developed in two high schools in the city of Serra TalhadaPE. In this work, the external phase of the transposition was initially analyzed, observing the modifications that the knowledge is submitted to the classroom for the ionic content, investigating the following elements: dessincretization, repersonalization, recontextualization, programmability and publicity. The technique used for data collection was the Bardin Content Analysis (2010). Next, we try to analyze the internal phase of the transposition, observing how two teachers didaticamente transposes the content inside the inner walls of the classroom, analyzing the elements of didactic transposition mentioned above. For the analysis of the elements of the transposition, we are based on the proposal of Brito Menezes (2006), Neves (2009), Guimarães (2009) and Melzer (2012). From the analysis of the external phase of the transposition, we notice that the noosphere follows a pattern in the presentation of the content, associating the ionic bond stabilization with the octet rule, which is a biologically aged content (LIMA et al., 2018) in the students' learning, as Bodner (1991), Taber (1994) and Toma (1997) affirm. Regarding the analysis of the internal phase of transposition, we noticed that teachers usually follow exactly what is proposed in textbooks, which sometimes present concepts far too far from wise knowledge, and ends up transposing this information to the students in a teaching process and learning. From this, it was possible to identify all the elements in the external and internal phase of the transposition, and we emphasize the importance of the teacher in maintaining an epistemological vigilance, in order to reduce the distance between the three spheres of knowledge, transposing information more coherent with the which is scientifically stated, for students.Item Identidade e profissionalização docente: um estudo de caso na licenciatura em Química da UFRPE/UAST(2019) Gomes, Maria Celeste Nogueira Vitorino; Bezerra, Bruna Herculano da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1039531472437739; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2937962267449475The constitution of the teaching identity has long been studied in the area of human sciences in order to better understand the processes and influences present in this discussion in the training of teachers. In the literature, several authors show that the constitution of identity is influenced not only by the experiences of the initial formation of teachers, but also by experiences and experiences prior to this formative process. The purpose of this monograph is to analyze aspects of the construction of the identity and professional professionalization of undergraduate students in chemistry based on the influences of the supervised stage and / or processes prior to initial training experienced by the subjects in this construction. The study is characterized as a qualitative case study, but with some quantitative data regarding the profile of the participants. A total of 8 chemistry graduates from the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) at the Academic Unit of Serra Talhada-PE (UAST), at the end of the course, completed the subjects of compulsory traineeships. A semi-structured interview was conducted, individually, with the intention of understanding through the interviews the experiences lived by the participants in various moments of the process of constitution of the identity. The interviews were audio-taped and later transcribed and analyzed based on elements of Content Analysis (BARDIN, 2016). In the results, the thematic analysis pointed to aspects of teacher identity and professional development, from the categories highlighted in the analysis, of which the following stand out: influences and the relationship with teachers, the processes of rupture that lead to decision making in relation to the teaching career. In addition to other aspects evidenced in the analysis of oppositions, of which the following stand out: the inexperience with teaching and the importance of the programs that aid in teacher training were some of the aspects pointed out in the text. These contributions become pertinent to the research because it deals with the experience of these future teachers when involved in this intimate and subjective process that is the constitution of the identity profile and aspects that lead to professionalization.Item Análise das contribuições de um estudo de caso abordando controvérsias históricas para as discussões sobre natureza da ciência na formação inicial de professores de química(2019) Lima, Cicera Gondim de; Silva, Cristiane Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1000796161353860Many researches in the field of chemistry teaching point out the importance of including the history of science in scientific disciplines. Certainly, the teaching of the history of science not only helps in understanding about science and its development, but also the way students will express themselves, exposing their opinions. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the contributions of a case study containing historical controversies on the theory of valence for discussions about the nature of science. For that, a case study containing a historical controversy on the development of valence theory was applied in a History of Chemistry class of the UFRPE / UAST Chemistry undergraduate course. In addition to the case study, which was filmed, in order to analyze the discussions carried out by the licensees, an initial and final questionnaire was also applied in order to verify the students' knowledge. The results indicate that the case study favored some discussions about the nature of science to emerge during case discussions, which indicates the historical case study as a good strategy for discussions about science.Item Estudos de docking molecular de derivados da acridina como potenciais intercaladores de DNA e inibidores da topoisomerase IIα(2019) Castro, Ana Caroline dos Santos; Souza, Túlio Ricardo Couto de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8553398552801408; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1602344499679019Cancer is a disease that affects about 13% of the world's population per year and has many types of treatments. Among these treatments the most used is chemotherapy, which consists in the use of drugs to control the tumor. For this reason, it is necessary to study new drugs with antitumor activities in order to improve therapy, since current methods still cause many adverse effects. Thus, our objective was to evaluate through molecular docking studies the mechanism of action of acridine derivatives that have known antitumor activity, such as potential DNA intercalators and topoisomerase IIα inhibitors, as well as their pharmacokinetic properties. Thus, eight molecules from an in vitro study were selected, which showed good experimental results against seven tumor types, namely: Breast (MCF-7), liver (HEP-2), colo (COLO-205), (502713), (HCT-15), lung (A-549) and neuroblastoma (IMR-32). These coincided with the in silico results of the present study, where for the three receptor types, binding energies in the range of -8.25 kcal·mol-1 to -10.68 kcal·mol-1 were obtained, making it clear that these compounds may act as intercalating agents. Thus, one can state that the results of the docking study and the pharmacokinetic properties indicate that there is a formation of stable complexes of acridine derivatives with the receptors, showing potentials for topoisomerase IIα inhibition by poisoning. This suggests that the mechanisms used in this study are plausible and these compounds have promising properties as an antitumoral agents.Item Prospecção química e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana do extrato etanólico das folhas de Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl.(2019) Pereira, Paulo Sérgio da Silva; Souza, Carlos André de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2774801228288889; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7936364947867276The discovery of antibiotics was a milestone for protection against serious diseases, but with the indiscriminate use of these drugs there were mutations in some microorganisms, which developed some resistance to some known drugs, due to this it was necessary to search for biomolecules from some organisms such as plants, that have important molecular diversity that can contribute to the resolution of this problem, becoming crucial for the development of new drugs. The objective of this work was to analyze some chemical constituents of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. (Baraúna), found in the Mata da Pimenteira State Park located in the municipality of Serra Talhada Pernambuco, verifying its antimicrobial potential. For this purpose, some methodologies were used in the literature to perform qualitative phytochemical tests, quantification of total polyphenols, high performance liquid chromatography and multipole agar test to verify and quantify the antimicrobial capacity of the crude ethanolic extract (EEB) of Baraúna, gallic acid , antibiotic (amoxicillin), and a mixture of antibiotic and EEB from barauna. The following phytochemical qualitative tests were identified: tannins, phenols, flavonols, flavonones, flavonoids, flavones, xanthones and alkaloids. 571 μg / mL of total polyphenols were obtained, the presence of gallic acid and possible identification of vanillin and caffeic acid were revealed in HPLC. Microbiological tests of BSE of barauna and amoxicillin in a mixture showed minimal inhibition concentration against all icroorganisms tested as: Klebsiella pneumoniae (1600 μg / mL), Bacillus subtillis (800 μg / mL), Samonella sp. and Escherichia coli (1600 μg / ml). It is possible to conclude the presence of gallic acid as a major component in addition to other classes of secondary metabolites. It was possible to prove that the best synergistic activity (extract + antibiotic) was for Bacillus subtillis.Item Pontos de carbono a partir de Opuntia inermis para determinação espectrofluorimétrica de cobre(II) em cachaça artesanal(2019) Jorge, Larissa Samária Silva; Lima, Marcelo Batista de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2424699316257149; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8821434170102133Cachaça is a widely consumed alcoholic beverage throughout Brazil, losing only to beer. This consumption sparks reflection on the conditions and facilities in which the production of this beverage occurs, since a series of organic and inorganic contaminants can be present. Among these contaminants, copper (II) has gained prominence because it is frequently found at levels higher than 5.0 mg L-1, the limit allowed by law. This shows the need for an efficient monitoring of copper concentrations in beverages and food. For the above, this work sought to evaluate the copper contents in artisanal cachaças marketed in the city of Serra Talhada, Pernambuco. Proposing a methodology based on the synthesis of fluorescent carbon points (PC) to act as a chemical sensor in the presence of copper (II). The PCs were synthesized from the hydrothermal treatment of the juice of the cactus palm in microwave oven. Its optical properties were evaluated by molecular absorption spectra in UV-Vis and molecular fluorescence, and its particle distribution was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. The PCs showed quantum fluorescence yield of 23.2%. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.36 mg L-1 and 1.18 mg L-1 , respectively. The correlation between the fluorescence intensity of PC-Cu (II) solutions with concentration of Cu (II) present, exposes the success of the nanomaterial as a chemical sensor and fluorescent reagent. This correlation is supported by the linear behavior presented by the analytical curve. The carbon points from the palm have been shown to be a versatile reagent for determination of copper concentrations, which makes the proposed method an alternative to be further explored.Item Prospecção fitoquímica e efeito de extratos da folha da algarobeira (Prosopis juliflora (Sw)) no controle do Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz & Sacc do cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.)(2019) Rocha, Amanda Barbosa da; Silva, Renato Augusto da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5111987334920733; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7320993055110094The cashew culture (Anacardium Occidentale L.) is an important agribusiness responsible for the Brazilian economic movement. However, the decline of the cashew nut almond crop in recent years has made Brazil the 14th place in the world production ranking in 2016. The weakening of cashew cultivation is attributed to the spread of diseases and pests, lack of management, anthracnose is the most worrying disease because it attacks the host at any stage of its development and is enhanced by the action of environmental factors. Continuous use of synthetic chemicals for the control and management results in selectivity and resistance to pathogens and thus alternative methods of natural source are an effective solution for the treatment of such plant diseases, while minimizing the environmental impact and reducing the risk to human health. In this way, the present work aims to evaluate the antifungal potential of leaf extracts of Prosopis juliflora (Sw) in the control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, phytopathogenic agent of anthracnose. P. juliflora leaves were collected in the city of Juru-PB, and after drying and crushing of the plant material, the phytochemical prospection of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts was carried out, proving the presence of phenolic, tannic, flavonoid and alkaloid compounds. Then it was performed to obtain the fraction of total alkaloids by acidbase extraction from the plant under study. After harvesting leaves, fruits and branches with symptomatic features typical of anthracnose, in Fátima, District of Flores-PE, the pathogen was identified by macroscopic and microscopic method after being cultured in petri dishes discharged with BDA (Potato-Dextrose-Agar ) for seven days of cultivation at room temperature and photoperiod of 12 hours. Aqueous, ethanolic and alkaloidal extracts were prepared and submitted to antifungal evaluation. Pre-tests were carried out in wells and disks with better results for the ethanolic extract and later with reproduction of the diffusion method in wells with alkaloidal extract. In the methodology of mycelial growth by plate dilution the dose of 13.6 mg.mL-1 of the FAT extract and 100% of the ethanolic extract resulted in a PIC of 100% and with the dose of 6.8 mg.mL-1 of the extract of FAT and the ethanolic extract diluted to 50% resulted in a PIC of 75% and 81%, respectively. Thus, all leaf extracts of P. juliflora tested in this work, proof of presence of alkaloids having potential antifungal about C. gloeospoioides.Item Planejamento de uma sequência didática sobre termoquímica com abordagem sociocientífica baseada no perfil conceitual de energia(2019) Silva, Leiliane Alves da; Silva, Flávia Cristiane Vieira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7354496286889274; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7921207915607413This monographic research sought to plan a didactic sequence on the content of thermochemistry with an approach in Socio-Scientific Aspects (ASC) based on the conceptual profile of energy. The concept of Energy was chosen for this work because it is a content that is worked in High School, and for presenting different representations and uses, as by the use of the word energy in scientific, school and common sense contexts. We believe it is necessary to consider, in the teaching and learning of the concept of energy, the plurality of ways of thinking, associated with the ways of speaking, attributed to this concept. In this sense, our methodological path was developed in four distinct stages: trend analysis of the last five editions of ENEQ on the content of thermochemistry; structured and unstructured interview with two primary education teachers from Serra Talhada-PE; methodological reference for the elaboration of a Case Study (CE) and methodological reference for proposing a didactic sequence. Regarding the trend analysis, we observed that research in this area is quite diverse and has contributed much to the teaching of chemistry, even though most present discussions about Science - Technology - Society (CTS). The second stage was carried out in two moments: the first one made it possible to identify in the first question the modes of thinking associated with the interviewees' speeches, showing the zones of the conceptual profile of energy, while the second stage included the other questions in a descriptive way, the different teaching techniques and the difficulties associated with understanding the concept of energy, as well as identifying the different ways of thinking about this concept. In the third step, we seek to structure, in a case study, situations and examples mentioned by one of the teachers interviewed, as well as to relate with the ASC. And, finally, for the proposition of the didactic sequence, we take into account the proposed zones of the conceptual energy profile, which were important during the elaboration of the stages of our sequence. As well as the difficulties encountered in the work related to the execution or preposition of sequences and / or didactic instrument on the concept of energy in the teaching and learning of the thermochemistry content, as well as works focused on the conceptual profile, use of EC in the event investigated and the difficulties mentioned by teachers regarding the teaching and learning process of this concept. Throughout the activities, we seek the use of approaches that we consider important for the teaching and learning process and which go beyond the conceptual approach, which is normally used. The use of ASC, the different ways of thinking about the conceptual profile of energy, the difficulties related to the work that dealt with this type of approach and mainly difficulties encountered by the teachers of basic education made possible the construction of a case study. Based on the great researchers in these approaches and the desire to cover important issues for the development of more critical citizens, such as social, environmental and technological issues, and during the course and development of this work, we made some considerations.Item A experimentação no ensino de química: reflexões a partir dos artigos publicados na seção “experimentação no ensino de química” da Revista Química Nova na Escola no período de 2014-2018(2019) Santos, Cristiane da Silva; Silva, Cristiane Martins da; Bezerra, Bruna Herculano da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1039531472437739; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1000796161353860This study aims to analyze the main trends regarding the types of experiments present in the articles of the journal Química Nova in the School between the years 2014 to 2018. For this, a search was made in the section on experimentation in the teaching of chemistry, seeking to classify the type experiment was present in the journal. The types of experiments were classified according to Oliveira (2010), which contributes to identify that most of the articles bring proposals of experiments with materials of low cost, and of easy access that can be used by the teacher in high school.Item Avaliação de milho (Zea mays) e feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) em solo (neossolo litólico) contaminado com Al(III) através de análise morfológica e espectrofotométrica(2019) Silva, Maria Caroline Pereira da; Lima, Marcelo Batista de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2424699316257149; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844991714013250Aluminum in its ionic form, Al (III), presents itself as a problem for the development of plant cultures and has been pointed as a potential factor for the emergence of neurodegenerative and bone diseases in humans. In this work we evaluated the influence of different Al (III) concentrations on soil samples (eutrophic cambisol) and corn (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) crops. This evaluation was made by the morphological and spectrophotometric analysis of the plants and by the analyzes by the titulometric and spectrophotometric method for the soil. Thus, a planting was performed for 21 days. The seed containers, three corn or three bean, were arranged in eight blocks, each block containing all soil samples treated with different Al (III) concentrations. After the germination and growth period, the crops and soil were analyzed. The main symptoms of morphological alteration observed in the plants were chlorosis, leaf curling and reduction in the root system and size. The spectrophotometric analysis of the plants resulted in Al (III) concentrations between 167.58-181.26 mg L-1. The analyzes performed on soil samples for Al (III) concentration by both methods presented different values. The titration method showed variations between 16.19-59.36 mg L-1 of Al (III), while in the spectrophotometric the values obtained were between 168.24-230.77 mg L-1 of Al (III).Item O processo de elaboração de problemas por licenciandos em química: concepções, sentimentos e a mobilização de atitudes(2019) Alves, Vanessa Ramos; Silva, Flávia Cristiane Vieira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7354496286889274; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4946358936102673Experiments with the methodology of problem solving, during the initial formation of chemistry teachers, can be important for the teacher preparation of these professionals, allowing to exercise a teaching of chemistry consistent with the reality of Students. Also, by solving problems, we can promote the development of conceptual, procedural and attitudinal contents. The present study aimed to analyze the process of elaboration of problems by undergraduate students in chemistry, paying attention to the conceptions, the feelings of the undergraduate students, during the process, and the mobilization of attitudes during the elaboration of the problem. For this, the undergraduate students reported their conceptions through a structured interview, which produced narrative discourses. These discourses were analyzed through narrative analysis, considering the traits of Hermeneutic compositionality, canonicity and violation and referentiality. The feelings expressed by the undergraduate students were identified through testimonies at the end of each lesson in the sequence of problems elaboration and submitted to narrative analysis through hermeneutic compositionality, to define categories of Feelings. The mobilization of attitudes was analyzed based on the elaboration of the problems and the proposition of attitudes, by the undergraduate students, who could possibly be developed by solving the problem. The attitudes were categorized with respect to science, with respect to the learning of science and with respect to the social implications of science. In general, the conceptions present a lot of similarity with theoretical and methodological aspects of problem solving; Feelings revealed a satisfaction in the process of developing problems and the undergraduate students mobilized attitudes in the elaboration of problems, mostly related to the social implications of science. Thus, we believe that the contact of the undergraduate students with the methodology of problem solving during graduation can provide intentions for a possible application of this methodological approach in their future teaching practice.Item Uma abordagem da radioatividade no ensino médio a partir de um estudo de caso(2019) Belarmino, José Cleuton da Silva; Silva, Cristiane Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1000796161353860; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3251847005725278Radioactivity is a process in which a nucleus with a certain amount of protons and neutrons can be transformed into another nucleus with different protons and neutrons. We can find various applications and influences of radioactivity in our everyday lives, such as in medicine, industry, agriculture and livestock, making this subject important to be discussed in the classroom. However, despite the relevance of radioactivity in teaching, the subject is often taught in a superficial way, since it is almost always left to be taught in the last months of the academic semester. Given this, this work aims to address this theme with greater emphasis and analyze the development of high school student learning from the application of a case study on the subject in the classroom. This case study was applied to a group of the 3rd year of high school in the technical course of administration of the state technical school Pedro Leão Leal, in the city of São José do Belmonte, Pernambuco. For data collection, an initial questionnaire, a final questionnaire and the presentations of the case solution were used. Through the results obtained, we believe that the use of a case study approaching social issues contextualized on the thematic radioactivity can be an alternative that can contribute to the learning of high school students.Item Desenvolvimento e caracterização do filme antimicrobiano de polibutileno adipato-co-tereftalato (PBAT) com óleo essencial de cravo da índia para utilização em embalagem ativa(2019) Amorim, Geisse Elike Pereira; Brito, Andréa Monteiro Santana Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5039313786764491; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6826511553929660Embalagens biodegradáveis antimicrobianas com aditivos naturais são uma excelente alternativa para substituição de embalagens plásticas utilizadas comercialmente, uma vez que, suas vantagens vão desde a inibição da ação de microrganismos nos alimentos, até o benefício de minimizar os impactos ambientais por seu menor tempo de decomposição quando em contato com o meio ambiente. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver um filme polimérico para utilização em embalagem ativa antimicrobiana, produzido a partir do polibutileno adipato-co-tereftalato (PBAT) com adição do óleo essencial de Syzygium aromaticum (cravo da índia) e caracterizá-lo, avaliando as seguintes propriedades: i) inspeção física e visual (bolhas, uniformidade e flexibilidade); ii) ensaio de migração, onde foi simulado os meios ácido, neutro e alcóolico para exposição do filme e o sistema foi monitorado na banda 1515 cm-1, em um espectrofotômetro de infravermelho (FT-IR) utilizando o acessório de reflexão total atenuada (UATR), nos tempos de 0, 22, 44, 66, 88 e 110h; iii) permeabilidade ao vapor de água, determinada pelo método gravimétrico estático dessecante, norma ASTM E96 (2000) acompanhada por um período de 880 horas; iv)transparência, determinada usando um espectrofotômetro UV-Vis, avaliados em triplicatas e realizadas cinco leituras aleatórias em cada filme e v) análise termogravimétrica (TGA), na temperatura de 30°C a 600°C.Vale ressaltar, que por meio da cromatografia gasosa, foi encontrado um teor de 72,96% de eugenol no cravo da índica utilizado, indicando que o óleo essencial escolhido apresenta um potencial antimicrobiano. Os filmes obtidos, apresentaram-se uniformes, flexíveis e sem bolhas. A migração foi efetiva no tempo de 110h, sendo as primeiras 22h o tempo de maior migração. O meio simulante neutro foi o que teve a migração mais lenta, ainda que a variação de migração em relação aos demais meios foi bem pequena, se mostrando bastante apropriados em meio neutro, alcoólico e ácido. A incorporação do óleo essencial ao PBAT provocou um aumento na transparência e na permeabilidade ao vapor de água. A análise termogravimétrica revelou que os polímeros investigados se apresentam relativamente estáveis a uma temperatura abaixo de 350°C. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foi possível demonstrar que os filmes biodegradáveis produzidos a partir de PBAT com óleo essencial de cravo da índia é um sistema promissor para fins de uso em embalagens ativas antimicrobianas.Item Estudos de Docking molecular de derivados tiazóis com a BSA e como potenciais intercaladoresde DNA e inibidores da topoisomerase II(2019) Rodrigues, Lucas Matheus de Souza; Souza, Túlio Ricardo Couto de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8553398552801408; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5849844924495469Item Estudo dos coagulantes naturais Cereus jamacaru, Opuntia ficus-indica e Pilosocereus gounellei como pré-tratamento para desinfecção solar(2019) Sousa, Karina Michely Leite de; Lima, Marcelo Batista de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2424699316257149; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0109616249430654Natural coagulants are used as an alternative to a viable water treatment, targeting populations that do not have access to treated water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the coagulant capacity of Cereus jamacaru (mandacaru), Opuntia ficus-indica (palm) and Pilosocereus gounellei (xiquexique) cacti as a pretreatment for disinfection by solar radiation. Acid extracts were prepared with 0.10 mol L-1 HCl of each cactus, using the viscous (pulp) and others with the dry matter coming from the bark, all in the proportion of 2.00 g of cactus to 3.00 mL of extraction solution. Ca (OH) 2 0.10 mol L-1 was used as the alkalizing agent. Nine tests of coagulation and flocculation were performed in Jar Test with the operating conditions as fast mixing speed of 150 rpm and fast mixing time of 60 s, slow mixing speed of 45 rpm, slow mixing time of 900 if sedimentation time 15 min along with the turbidity, color and pH parameters. The raw water samples used in the coagulation and flocculation tests presented high turbidity and color parameters. The tests performed with the extracts prepared with the dry matter did not show coagulant efficiency, on the other hand those that were used the extracts prepared with the pulp of the three cacti demonstrated good coagulant action obtaining, in the best test, the turbidity and color removals with the 98% and 92% mandacaru extract, 98% and 96% palm and 98% and 96% xiquexique. After the pre-treatment, disinfection by solar radiation was carried out, where the filtered and unfiltered samples were added in PET bottles with a capacity of 2.0 L and subjected to sun exposure for a period of 6 hours. The results obtained for the coagulation and flocculation pretreatment samples were negative for the presence of total coliforms, and no samples were positive for Escherichia coli. In this way, it can be affirmed that the cacti present themselves as great potential natural coagulants to be used as occasional pretreatment of real turbid waters for subsequent solar disinfection, since after the treatment all the evaluated parameters have met the established by the Brazilian legislation for drinking water.