TCC - Zootecnia (Sede)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/478
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Item Desempenho e características de carcaça de cordeiros alimentados com palma forrageira ensilada ou in natura sob restrição ou não de água(2025-03-11) Amaral, Thiago Garcia do; Monnerat, João Paulo Ismério dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3851426263880079; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8390297229951855A pecuária no semiárido brasileiro enfrenta desafios devido à escassez hídrica e à baixa disponibilidade de volumosos de qualidade, sendo a palma forrageira uma alternativa para a alimentação e hidratação dos ovinos. No entanto, sua forma de fornecimento pode impactar o desempenho dos animais. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos da palma forrageira in natura e ensilada, associadas ou não à restrição hídrica, sobre o desempenho produtivo e as características de carcaça de cordeiros da raça Santa Inês. Foram utilizados 40 cordeiros machos, não castrados, com idade entre 90 e 120 dias e peso inicial médio de 23,07 ± 2,45 kg, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), num esquema fatorial 2x2, com dois tipos de volumoso (palma in natura + feno ou silagem de palma e feno) e duas formas de oferta hídrica (livre ou restrita). O período experimental foi de 75 dias, incluindo 19 dias de adaptação e 56 dias de coleta de dados. Os tratamentos foram dieta a base de silagem de palma e feno com ou sem restrição de água e outro a base de palma in natura + feno com ou sem restrição de água, ambos na proporção volumoso: concentrado de 65:35. sendo ofertada duas vezes ao dia, às 8h e às 16h. O consumo alimentar foi monitorado diariamente. Ao final do período experimental, os cordeiros foram submetidos a jejum sólido de 16 horas e abatidos. Após o abate, as carcaças foram pesadas feitas avaliações de medidas morfométricas, rendimento de carcaça, deposição de gordura perirrenal e espessura de gordura subcutânea. Os animais que receberam silagem de palma e feno apresentaram maior (P<0,05) desempenho, rendimento dos cortes lombo e serrote e melhor conformação e acabamento, em comparação aos que consumiram palma in natura + feno, entretanto não foi observado efeito (P>0,05) nos rendimentos de carcaça, pH, temperatura, EGS e avaliações morfometricas da carcaça. Por outro lado, a restrição de água não afetou (P>0,05) as características e rendimento de carcaça, engorduramento e as avaliações morfometricas, porém interferiu (P<0,05) negativamente no desempenho, conformação, acabamento e cortes cárneos lombo e serrote dos cordeiros em crescimento, evidenciando a importância do acesso irrestrito à água para o desenvolvimento adequado dos cordeiros. Conclui-se que a utilização da palma forrageira ensilada se mostra como alternativa mais eficiente em comparação à palma in natura, proporcionando maior desempenho produtivo dos animais. A restrição hídrica impacta negativamente o desempenho e as características de carcaça dos cordeiros, independentemente do tipo de volumoso ofertado.Item Armazenamento pós-colheita da palma forrageira afeta o índice de apodrecimento e a composição química dos cladódios?(2024-09-18) Felix, Thamyres Priscylla Silva de Oliveira; Santos, Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos; Silva, Natália Viana da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0190091649509674; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9565465836878202; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4093484221298909Item Consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes em pequenos ruminantes alimentados com dietas contendo gérmen de milho e palma forrageira orelha de elefante mexicana (Opuntia stricta [Haw], Haw])(2024-09-30) Castello Branco, Natália Pereira; Carvalho, Francisco Fernando Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8552194153767195; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6243605185116079The aim was to evaluate the effect of using corn germ and forage palm in diets for small ruminants on the consumption and digestibility of nutrients. Four male sheep and four male goats were used, castrated, fistulated and cannulated in the rumen, with an average initial body weight of 38 kg and 35 kg, respectively. The animals were kept in a confinement system in individual stalls (2,0m × 1,0m), with slatted floors and equipped with feeders and drinkers. A Latin square experimental design was used in a 2x4 factorial scheme.The experimental period lasted 88 days, with four experimental periods lasting 22 days each, 14 days for adaptation to the diets and management and 8 days for data and sample collection. The treatments were based on four experimental diets: without forage palm Opuntia stricta [Haw], Haw] (POEM) and corn germ (treatment - CONT); without (POEM) + corn germ (treatment - GIEM); with (POEM) and without corn germ (treatment- POEM); with (POEM) and corn germ (GIEM+POEM). The effects of species (E), treatment (T) and interaction effect of species with treatment (ExT) were evaluated, assuming significance at (P< 0,05). Related to the consumption, no effect of species (E) or interaction between species and treatments (ExT) for none of the variables (P>0,05). A significant effect (P<0,05) of treatments (T) was observed for the consuming variables of dry matter (DM), mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TCH), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN). In which the diet containing (GIEM+POEM) promoted greater dry matter intake and other constituents, while the diet (GIEM) promoted lower consumption of dry matter, mineral matter, crude protein, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients, but favored (P<0,05) greater consumption of ether extract along with the diet (GIEM+POEM). The digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber were not influenced by the association of forage cactus with full- fat corn germ (P>0,05), however, significant values were observed (P<0.05) for the organic matter and non-fibrous carbohydrates digestibility coefficients.Item Armazenamento pós-colheita afeta a digestibilidade in vitro e a produção de gases de cladódios de cultivares de palma forrageira?(2024-09-24) Barbosa, Claudenice da Cunha; Santos, Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos; Silva, Natália Viana da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0190091649509674; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9565465836878202; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1837815718785025The forage cactus plays a fundamental role in animal feed, especially during drought periods in Northeastern Brazil. However, the cultivation and use of this forage require significant labor investment throughout the entire process, from planting to harvesting and daily transport for animal feeding. This study hypothesized that post-harvest storage of the forage cactus cultivars ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ (Opuntia stricta [Haw.] Haw.) and ‘Miuda’ (Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill), for up to 56 days, may interfere by reducing the digestibility levels and gas production of the forage. The objective was to evaluate the effect of different post-harvest storage times on the in vitro digestibility and in vitro total gas production parameters of the forage cactus cultivars ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ and ‘Miuda’. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) Prof. Antônio de Pádua Maranhão Fernandes, located in Garanhuns - PE, Brazil. The forage cactus used was obtained from a one-year-old cactus plantation established on the farm, preserving the mother cladode during harvest. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with repeated measures over time and four replicates. Two experiments were carried out, with each cultivar of forage cactus evaluated independently. Eight experimental treatments were evaluated: 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, and 56 days of post-harvest storage. During storage, the aim was to maintain the cladodes without damage throughout the experimental period, with storage taking place in a covered warehouse open on the sides. The samples for analysis were composed of cladodes of different orders and from different parts of the piles. The variables evaluated were in vitro Dry Matter Digestibility (IVDMD), Indigestible Neutral Detergent Fiber (iNDF), and in vitro Total Gas Production (TGP). An analysis of variance was performed, using Tukey’s test with a significance level of 5%. The forage from Orelha de Elefante Mexicana showed high IVDMD, being 823.1 g/kg at time 0 (no storage), and an average of 660.2 g/kg from 8 to 56 days post-harvest. For iNDF, high levels were observed for Orelha de Elefante Mexicana as the storage time increased, with the 40 and 56-day post-harvest times being statistically superior to time 0 (no storage). For Miúda, iNDF on days 32, 40, and 48 of post-harvest storage was 43% higher than at time 0 (no storage). For gas production and fiber carbohydrate degradation, values of 251.5 and 153 mL/g DM were observed, respectively. The forage from Miúda presented high IVDMD at times 0 and 8 (738.4 and 726.4 g/kg), and higher gas production at times 0 and 8 (267.7 and 179.9 mL/g DM, respectively). Both forage cactus cultivars can be stored post-harvest for up to 56 days without significant compromise in digestibility levels and gas production.Item Efeito da associação do gérmen de milho e palma forrageira Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta [Haw], Haw]) sobre o consumo de matéria seca, comportamento ingestivo e consumo de água(2024-02-27) Pimentel, Rennan de Santana; Ferreira, Marcelo de Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4818123702136736; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8536541391634505The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the association of whole extra-fat corn germ (GIMEX) on dry matter intake, water consumption and ingestive behavior of goats and sheep. Four male sheep and four male goats were used, castrated, fistulated and cannulated in the rumen, with an average body weight of 38 kg and kept in a confinement system in individual stalls (2.0m x 1.0m), the stalls had slatted floors and were equipped with feeders and drinkers. The treatments consisted of: (T1) Tifton grass hay + concentrate without GIMEX, (T2) Tifton grass hay + concentrate with GIMEX, (T3) Tifton grass hay + forage palm + concentrate without GIMEX, (T4) Tifton grass hay + forage palm + concentrate with GIMEX. The experimental design was a 4x4 Latin square, with 4 animals, 4 treatments and 4 periods of 22 days each. The effects of treatment, species and treatment x species interaction were evaluated. The results obtained for the characteristics discussed in the study were significant (P <0.05), only for the effect of the influence of treatments. Dry matter intake, in kg/day, was lower in the CONT and GIMEX treatments, where forage palm was not present in the diet; consequently, the POEM and POEM + GIMEX treatments had higher dry matter consumption due to the influence of palm. With regard to water consumption, it was observed that the animals exposed to diets containing forage palm reduced their voluntary water intake via the drinking fountain. There was no influence of the species effect or the species x treatment interaction on any of the items evaluated (P>0.05). The time spent feeding and ruminating was shorter for diets containing cactus (POEM and POEM + GIMEX). There was no influence of the species effect and the species x treatment interaction on any of the items evaluated (P>0.05). POEM, replacing hay, increases dry matter intake and reduces water intake in addition to the time spent on feeding and rumination activities.Item Qualidade do queijo e leite de vacas recebendo dietas com substituição do concentrado convencional por farelo de glúten de milho(2023-09-15) Wanderley, Rebeca Rubeana Magalhães; Soares, Luciana Felizardo Pereira; Rocha, Laura Leandro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7226123934022759; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4071178363761831; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9156969560979809The Northeastern dairy farming is characterized by the constant pursuit of technological improvements in order to optimize resources and achieve profitable results, especially when considering the adverse conditions of the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, such as the seasonality of food supply, high temperatures, and the distance from major grain distribution centers for animal production. In this perspective, the objective was to evaluate the effects of substituting soybean feed, wheat, and corn feed with corn gluten feed in diets containing Mexican Elephant Ear cactus forage on the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of pasteurized whole milk and cheese curd. Eight Holstein cows with a lactation period of 70 to 90 days, an average body weight of 500 kg, and a milk production of 20 kg per day were used and distributed in a double Latin square design (4x4), according to the following treatments: 100% conventional concentrate (CC); 66% CC + 33% corn gluten feed (CGF); 33% CC + 66% CGF; 100% CGF. Milk samples were collected at 6:00 AM and 3:30 PM during data collection days for subsequent pasteurization, physicochemical evaluation, cheese production for each treatment, microbiological analysis, and sensory evaluation. For physicochemical analysis, Dunnett's test was conducted at a 5% significance level, and for sensory analysis, the Friedman test was used. No effect (P>0.05) of CGF on the physicochemical variables of pasteurized milk was observed, despite the positive quadratic behavior for crude protein and decreasing linearity for acidity. The moisture content of the cheese curd was the only variable that differed (P<0.05), showing a negative quadratic effect, 60.09% and 58.38% for the treatments with 33% and 66% substitution with CGF, respectively. The cheese curd produced met the microbiological standards in current legislation. The sensory attributes that differed (P<0.05) were moisture and strange flavor. The highest purchase intention corresponded to the treatment with 33% substitution (P<0.0001). It is concluded that substituting conventional concentrate with corn gluten feed in the diets of lactating cows, despite not differing in the fat content of pasteurized milk and the yield of cheese curd, promotes higher profitability at substitution levels of 33% and 66% with CGF.Item Fontes lipídicas na gestão estratégica de redução de custos com alimentação de cabras leiteiras(2023-09-15) Araújo, Ayrton Manuel Silva de; Soares, Luciana Felizardo Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4071178363761831; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4482266576342953Animal feed is crucial for dairy production and represents a significant part of production costs. The objective was to evaluate lipid sources, as a strategy to reduce feed costs, whether or not associated with Spineless cactus in goat milk production. For the study, 12 lactating Saanen goats were used, with an average body weight of 55 ± 8 kg, distributed in a 4x4 Latin square, with a 2x2 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of two lipid sources, Coconut fruit pulp by-product (PC) and whole cottonseed (CA), associated or not with Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (POEM), in the following proportions: PC - 5% Coconut fruit pulp by-product; PC+POEM - 5% Coconut fruit pulp by-product + 25% POEM; CA – 20% whole cottonseed; CA+POEMA - 20% whole cottonseed + 25% POEMA. Animals that consumed diets that had whole cottonseed as the main source of energy showed higher performance indices (P<0.05). The PC+POEM treatment presented the lowest cost for 1 kg of dry matter (R$ 1.78). The PC diet demonstrated lower daily food costs (R$ 2.54). Total income was higher for the CA + POEM diet (R$ 8.17), as was net income (R$ 4.19). Therefore, it is recommended to combine whole cottonseed with forage palm Orelha de Elefante Mexicana, in the feeding of lactating goats, due to the reduction in feed costs, especially in roughage and better performance, contributing to greater profitability of the activity.Item Efeito da dieta basal sobre o desempenho de cabras em lactação(2023-09-11) Souza, Margot Santos de; Ferreira, Marcelo de Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4818123702136736; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4617261628043561Goat farming has increasing in Brazil, especially in the Northeast region, which is responsible for 32% of the country's total production. Due to the edaphoclimatic conditions of this region some studies are carried out trying to improve the performance of those animals. Therefore, the present study intented to evaluate the effect of different sources of fiber (corn silage, sorghum silage, pangolon hay or sugarcane bagasse) associated with cactus pear in diets for Saanen goats in lactation process on nutrient intake and digestibility, ingestive behavior, milk production and composition. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Pernambuco Agronomic Institute (IPA) in Sertânia (Pernambuco). Twelve multiparous and lactating goats were used in this experiment with an average weight of 48.9 kg, average initial production of 2.8 kg of milk/day and lactation period of 80 days. The goats were weighed, identified and distributed according to their productivity in three simultaneous Latin squares (4 x 4), containing four animals, four treatments and four experimental periods. The 4 experimental period LASTED 21 days each, with the initial 14 days for adaptation of the animals, and others for data and sample collection (food, leftovers, feces and milk). The diets were offered ad libitum as a complete mixture, three times a day, allowing 5 to 10% of the total dry matter supplied. The goats were manually milked twice a day. For the ingestive behavior, the activity that the goat is performing (feeding, rumination or idleness) were observed every 10 minutes for 24 hours. Statistical analyzes were performed using a PROC MIXED package from SAS (2014). Intake of dry matter (2.58kg/day) and organic matter (2.30kg/day), crude protein (0.385 kg/day), ether extract (0.170 kg/day), neutral detergent fiber (0.895 kg/day), non-fiber carbohydrates (0.858 kg/day) and metabolizable energy (5.66 Mcal/day) did not differ between fiber sources that made up the basal diet (P>0.05). Fiber sources did not influence the digestibility of dry matter and nutrients (P>0.05). The association of cactus pear with silages, hay and sugarcane bagasse did not alter milk production without correction, corrected for 3.5% of fat and corrected for energy (2.78; 2.53 and 2. 55 kg/day, respectively), in addition to the composition of the milk (P>0.05). The diets did not cause changes in any of the items evaluated in the ingestive behavior (P>0.05). It is recommended that any of the fiber sources be purchased along with cactus pear in the basal diet of lactating goats.Item Proposta de um sistema de produção de leite com dietas à base de palma forrageira(2023-09-11) Melo, Gabriela Correia da Silva; Ferreira, Marcelo de Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4818123702136736Agreste de Pernambuco is home to the state's main dairy basin, accounting for approximately 75% of production. Due to the edaphoclimatic characteristics of the region (Semi-arid), characterized by low rainfall and high temperatures, challenges related to forage production must be faced in order to sustain dairy production systems in the region. Thus, the implementation of high-yielding roughage can be achieved through appropriate agricultural practices, the use of technologies, the selection of varieties adapted to the region's climate and the adoption of good management practices. In this way, fodder palm has been a valuable option for livestock farming in the Agreste region of Pernambuco, contributing to animal food security during periods of drought and offering a sustainable alternative for feeding livestock in the semi-arid region. The aim was to develop a milk production system with palm-based diets, based on the identification in the literature of the main reference indicators to be improved in order to increase the sustainability of dairy farming in Pernambuco. After identifying them and based on zootechnical indices considered achievable, a stabilized herd was idealized and diets based on fodder palm were calculated to meet the needs of this herd. Subsequently, the reference indices were recalculated and showed a significant improvement, indicating that palm can be an extremely important strategy for daisy fanning in the state.Item Fontes de lipídeos associados à palma forrageira sobre as características sensoriais da carne ovina(2022-10-07) Nascimento, Thaís Fernanda do; Guim, Adriana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5179137865818915; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5238680527935892The search for food that meets commercial and healthier requirements has created a greater search for meat of higher quality and nutritional value. In this paper, the goal was to evaluate the effect of diets with different lipid sources associated with forage palm on the sensory characteristics of sheep meat. The research included 39 male animals, without a defined racial pattern, castrated, 4 months old and an average initial weight of 22 kg. The experiment took place in the Department of Animal Science, sheep and goat farming sector of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, located in Recife, Pernambuco. The treatments consisted of Tifton Hay and Forage Palm as forage, and ground corn, wheat bran and mineral salt as concentrate. In the experimental diet, cottonseed, corn germ and coconut cake were inserted in the concentrated feed. The animals were housed in individual suspended stalls, containing feeders and drinkers, distributed in a covered shed. The experiment lasted 60 days, with the first 30 days aimed at adapting the animals to diets, facilities and management. The last 30 days were devoted to data collection and evaluations. From the Longissimus lumborum muscle, the characteristics, sensory attributes and commercial value of sheep meat were evaluated. The diets utilized with lipid sources did not show significant differences in the sensory characteristics of sheep meat (P>0.05), showing a positive positioning of the evaluators regarding purchase intention, which makes it a good alternative for lambs in the termination phase.