01. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE (Sede)
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/1
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Síntese e caracterização do carvão ativado obtido da frutífera de maracujá(2024-02-26) Melo Júnior, Sebastião Batista de; Barros, Ivoneide de Carvalho Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5272867419216787; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8946175932671037The northeast of Brazil is one of the largest producers of passion fruit and produces a large amount of waste as a by-product of its activities, which has no defined destination. The accumulation of this waste without specific application causes an environmental problem, such as the fruit waste not used by pulp industries. We therefore proposed using this waste to produce biochar through the process of thermal degradation of organic matter, known as pyrolysis. After chemically activating the biochar, this material has greater chemical and thermal stability. With this in mind, priority was given to studying the properties of activated carbons from the residual biomass of passion fruit trees obtained via incipient impregnation using H3PO4 and ZnCl2. The coals were prepared from treated residual biomass (CAM/H3PO4 and CAM/ZnCl2) and the biochar precursor obtained from biomass pyrolysis (CAMB/H3PO4 and CAMB/ZnCl2). The physicochemical properties of the raw biomass, biochar and activated carbons were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), proximate analysis, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), point of zero charge (PCZ) and surface area (BET). FTIR data from the activated carbons showed absorptions related to C=C stretching related to aromatic structures, with the acid-activated carbons showing absorptions of phosphorus and phosphocarbon compounds (hydrogen bonded to P=O; aromatic P-O-C, and P=OOH groups), as well as confirmation of a predominantly amorphous or disordered structure identified by XRD. Thermal analysis (TG/DTG) showed that the biochar and charcoal samples activated with H3PO4 and ZnCl2 had good thermal stability. The results of the immediate analysis showed a higher content of volatile materials (72%) in the passion fruit biomass compared to the passion fruit biochar (PM) and the coals activated with ZnCl2 and H3PO4 (< 10%). The pyrolyzed materials (CAMB/H3PO4 and CAMB/ZnCl2) showed a higher percentage of fixed carbon and ash, which is to be expected given that they are materials that have undergone the carbonization process. For the coals activated with ZnCl2 and H3PO4, the zero charge point results were 3.02 and 6.42, respectively. Finally, the characterization of the surface area of each sample revealed that CAMB/H3PO4, CAM/H3PO4 and CAMB/ZnCl2 did not develop considerable porosity, with the exception of CAM/ZnCl2, which showed a surface area of 713m2.Item Crescimento inicial de eucalipto em solo contaminado por Cd, Pb e Zn e tratado com lodo de esgoto e biochar(2022-05-26) Ximenes, Diogo Henrique de Sá Veloso; Biondi, Caroline Miranda; Silva, William Ramos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5033735462082389; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8326756664758702; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3116650479929930The inadequate disposal of steel slag with high levels of heavy metals, such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), in the city of Santo Amaro, Bahia, caused the pollution of the environment and the people who live there. Today the city is known to contain the largest Pb contamination in the world. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of sewage sludge and its biochar in remediating the levels of Cd, Pb and Zn and the initial development of eucalyptus seedlings in the contaminated soil of the municipality of Santo Amaro. These studies aim to contribute to the determination of remediation methods and suggestion of alternative economic activities for these impacted areas. For this, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a eucalyptus hybrid and application of three treatments to the soil: sewage sludge (40 t ha-1) and biochar (40 t ha-1) and a mixture of 20 t ha-1 of sewage sludge + 20 t ha-1 of biochar, in addition to the negative control (soil without addition of sludge/biochar). After the cultivation period, the available and environmentally available levels of Cd, Pb and Zn in the soil and total levels in the plants were evaluated. The application of biochar promoted better development of eucalyptus seedlings, presenting better results in the production of dry matter of the aerial part, height and diameter. Biochar + sewage sludge considerably reduced (60%) the availability of Zn in the soil, compared to the control. The use of biochar in the soil was efficient in reducing the environmentally available levels of heavy metals, immobilizing them and making them less available to the plant. Eucalyptus seedlings were more efficient in translocating Zn to the shoot in the sewage sludge treatment, showing a better index, while for Cd and Pb the seedlings were more efficient in immobilizing metals in the roots, especially Pb, which showed higher value. The results showed that biochar can be indicated as a remediation agent in the contaminated soil of Santo Amaro, since it promoted a decrease in the mobility and availability of metals in the soil. The sewage sludge can be indicated as a nutritional contribution in the cultivation of seedlings and the eucalyptus seedlings were presented as potential phytoremediation plants of the contaminated soil.