TCC - Licenciatura em Química (Sede)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/472
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Item O ensino de química e a interdisciplinaridade com educação ambiental: desenvolvimento de uma horta no ambiente escolar(2024-03-07) Almeida, Wendel Martins de; Silva, Suely Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3497194749381919; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1742899108188224A pesquisa trata acerca do ensino de Química no ambiente escolar, visando à busca de uma proposta pedagógica que seja dinâmica e contextualizada por meio da Educação Ambiental, tendo em vista a interdisciplinaridade e fomento para uma formação cidadã através do desenvolvimento de uma horta orgânica. O objetivo principal pauta-se em analisar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de conteúdos de química quando há a integralização da disciplina de Química por meio da Educação Ambiental com a criação de uma horta orgânica no ambiente escolar. Os participantes da pesquisa foram uma turma de estudantes do 1º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola da rede pública de ensino do estado de Pernambuco. Para alcançar tais resultados, utilizou-se uma metodologia centrada numa abordagem qualitativa do tipo explicativa. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um formulário elaborado pela plataforma Google Forms, com o qual coletamos a resposta de 16 (dezesseis) estudantes. No tratamento e análise dos dados, realizamos também um diálogo com os autores da fundamentação teórica. Como resultados, podemos observar que a proposta de desenvolvimento da horta despertou nos estudantes motivação e engajamento no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Química. Para, além disso, a pesquisa revelou de igual modo uma reflexão profunda sobre algumas temáticas como educação significativa, abordagem didática, interdisciplinaridade, ensino de Química e formação cidadã. Diante disso, conclui-se que os futuros professores de Química e aqueles que já estão em atividade necessitam urgentemente voltar-se mais para recursos que desenvolvam e acrescentem à sua formação não apenas inicial, mas também continuada, a fim de facilitar, auxiliar e popularizar a Química, alinhando os preceitos científicos aos saberes pedagógicos.Item Síntese, caracterização e estudo citotóxico de um metaloprotótipo à base de rutênio 3+) com potencial atividade antileucêmica(2024-07-29) Moura, Severino Vitor do Nascimento; Silva, Wagner Eduardo da; Belian, Mônica Freire; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2626644337183959; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8612340815622413; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0613129512420118Ruthenium complexes constitute a promising class of metalloprototypes due to their biological activities. These ruthenium-based complexes have peculiar characteristics such as low associated toxicity, effective lability rate and “selectivity” to cancer cells, promoting damage to nuclear nDNA and apoptosis. Using strategies in combination with the Ru3+ ion and ligands with bioactive activities, the complex formed can show enhanced biological responses. This study aimed to synthesize, characterize and study the cytotoxicity of a metalloprototype containing ruthenium and ascorbate as a ligand. The synthetic methodology used enabled the formation of sodium ascorbate from the deprotonation of ascorbic acid with sodium bicarbonate in water, guaranteeing a reaction yield of 83%. The synthesized sodium ascorbate was then reacted with ruthenium (3+) chloride in water for 12 hours, resulting in the formation of the compound with the minimum formula [Ru(Asc)(OH2)4]Cl2 in a yield of 85%. This form was characterized by spectroscopy at infrared wavelengths, with significant differences in the absorption coefficients, such as the C=O and C=C bonds, when compared to ascorbic acid. The [Ru(Asc)(OH2)4]Cl2 complex was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, suggesting its formation through the shifts observed in the absorption bands of the C=O, C=C and C-O bonds. The characterization of the complex by electronic absorption spectroscopy showed hypsochromic shifts of the transitions located in the ligand of the π→π* type and the presence, in the visible, of transitions of the d→d type. The 1H NMR spectrum of the complex showed three signals, the multiplicities of which were two doublets and one triplet, the 13C NMR spectrum showed six signals consistent with the structure of the ligand used and the HSQC NMR spectrum showed three C-H correlation signals, also consistent with the complex studied. The high-resolution mass spectrum of the [Ru(Asc)(OH2)4]Cl2 complex showed six signals for the ruthenium isotopes (98Ru, 99Ru, 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru and 104Ru) with the highest relative m/z of 278.75, referring to the presence of Ru3+ and the ascorbate ligand [C6H9O6102Ru]+. The results of the cytotoxicity tests of the [Ru(Asc)(OH2)4]Cl2 complex, carried out on RAW 264.7 (normal cell line), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HL-60 (human leukemia) cells, showed cytotoxic activity for the HL-60 cell line, with an IC50 of 39.3 μmol.L-1. For the normal cell line, the ruthenium complex proved to be non-cytotoxic (IC50 60.0 μmol.L-1). Therefore, the synthetic strategies used were satisfactory, with yields above 80%. The characterization techniques used were consistent with the formation of the complex obtained. The in vitro toxicological test showed evidence of non-toxicity to healthy cells and proved to be active in human leukemia cells (HL-60), possibly acting as an anti-leukemia candidate.Item A experimentação no ensino de Química: análise de uma proposta de sequência didática para o ensino do conteúdo de metais pesados(2024-09-27) Lima, Isabela Januario de; Silva, Suely Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3497194749381919Chemistry and the knowledge it provides are extremely important for humanity since its beginning. Learning it provides the students comprehension about the most variable chemical transformations that happen around us. Teaching Chemistry can be challenging for various teachers that have troubles in getting attention from its students for this science, since it has very abstract characteristics and of tough comprehension. In this regard, practical pedagogics are needed to help catch the students’ attention on this science, and one way of achieve that goal is by practical experiments. The general goal of this research was to analyze a didactical sequence utilizing the experimentation as a methodology strategy for the teaching about the Heavy Metals. The utilization of practical activities in the teaching of Chemistry shows as a good strategy to simplify and enthrall the students in the process of learning so that they can articulate the theoretical concepts with practical experiments. This research shows the analysis of a didactical sequence about of using practical experiments when teaching about Heavy Metals. It shows the benefits that practical activities brought while learning the subject, as well the development of scientific abilities. The acquired data were analyzed in an articulated way along with the authors of the theoretical foundation under a qualitative perspective. The tools utilized were two questionnaires, one applied before the experimental activity, and a problem situation to conclude activities carried out afterwards. The research brought many positive outcomes, as a bigger participation of the students and a better comprehension of the same about the Heavy Metals and their characteristics. The engagement and curiosity about this specific subject and about clothes questions that involves chemistry in the experimental part of this science. In conclusion the experiment is one strategy that provides an improvement in the process of teaching and contributes to a bigger engagement of the students in the class, stimulating the curiosity of this science.Item Tratamento de águas residuais em uma indústria de envase de refrigerante e água mineral utilizando sulfato de alumínio com sistema de homogeneização adaptado(2024-10-01) Souza, Robson Severino de; Gomes, Maria José de Filgueiras; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0060810526769648It is well known that with the increased consumption of beverages such as soft drinks, juices, among others, there is an increase in the production of effluents. The lack of treatment of these effluents generates major environmental, social and economic impacts. The effluents generated by soft drinks, predominantly made up of sugars, juices, colorants, extracts and organic acids, have a high organic load, which increases the values of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which are potential polluters of receiving bodies such as rivers and lakes. The aim of this work was to improve the conditions of effluents treated by acti-vated sludge, aligning biological and physical-chemical treatment, in a soft drink and mineral water industry, using aluminium sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) as a coagulant and a system adapted for homogenization and pH correction. In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that only use activated sludge as a form of treatment, (Al2(SO4)3) can be an ally in improving the conditions of effluent that has already undergone activated sludge treatment. However, the use of aluminium sulphate requires a homogenization system to mix it with the effluent and to correct the pH. The methodology of this work is based on using this coagulant to improve the final effluent, adapting a recirculation system that homogenizes the inorganic coagu-lant with sodium hydroxide to correct the pH. The system works by sucking the effluent from the bottom of the decanter and discharging it over itself, ensuring a complete mixture between the coagulant, the sodium hydroxide and the effluent. Laboratory tests were carried out to determine the correct concentration of the coagulant, using turbidity and COD analyses. The BOD5 analysis, which is the analysis of BOD over a period of five days, was only carried out at the time of the field test, taking a sample before and after the coagulation process in the decanter tank. The results obtained using 10mL of coagulant (20g/L) for each liter of effluent showed a good reduction in the COD turbidity of the effluent already treated by activated sludge. With the addition of the coagulant to the samples, followed by correction of the pH to 7, there was a reduction in turbidity from 362 turbidity units (UT) to 41UT. In the COD analysis, there was a reduction from 326mg/L ofdissolved O2 to 81mg/L. There was also a significant reduction in the results of the BOD analysis of the effluent treated in the decanter itself, from 354.6mg/L ofO2 to 183.6mg/L. These results showed that both the addition of the coagulant and the adapted homogenization system were effective in reducing the parameters analyzed (turbidity, COD and BOD). The volume of sludge decanted by coagulation in 10 minutes also proved to be very low and this results in faster disposal, making the whole process more agile and ruling out the need to use a flocculant.Item O modelo de ensino híbrido rotação por estações no ensino de funções orgânicas: uma proposta didática para o ensino médio(2024-10-03) Barbosa, Lucas Matheus Ferraz; Firme, Ruth do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7234636790850019; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5299531115847633The application of Active Methodologies, Blended Learning Models, and digital technologies aims to increase student engagement and interest, enabling a more attractive and captivating learning process, while fostering their autonomy as protagonists of their own educational development. Active Methodologies (AM) allow the teaching of chemistry, specifically Organic Functions, to be innovatively related by combining in-person and digital activities that encourage student autonomy and engagement. Adopting the blended learning model, this work seeks to explore the integration of AM and digital technologies to enable the understanding of complex concepts, by developing a didactic proposal for teaching Organic Functions in high school based on the Station Rotation Model. To achieve the proposed objective, theoretical research was conducted through two methodological stages: literature review on the theoretical foundations of the research (stage 1); and proposal of a didactic plan (stage 2). The proposed didactic approach was organized into two phases: Activity proposals for lessons on organic functions (Phase 1) and the application of the Station Rotation model (Phase 2). Phase 2 was structured around five stations, which included various activities, such as computer simulations, gamified quizzes, building molecular models with accessible materials, and technological resources using software like MolView and PhET. It is hoped that the implementation of this didactic proposal will significantly contribute to overcoming the traditional difficulties faced by students in understanding abstract and complex content related to Organic Functions, as well as the discussions on Active Methodologies and Blended Learning Models in teacher training, encouraging changes in pedagogical practices in the teaching of Chemistry.Item Questões de gênero e sexualidade nas experiências de discentes do curso de Licenciatura em Química: uma análise de suas narrativas (auto)biográficas(2024-09-19) Silva, David Filipe Nascimento da; Firme, Ruth do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7234636790850019Issues of gender and sexuality are generally not recurring topics in Chemistry education and the initial training of Chemistry teachers. However, there is a recognized need for future Chemistry teachers to be prepared to address the diversity present in classrooms. In this con-text, the aim of this research was to understand, through the (auto)biographical narratives of undergraduate Chemistry students, their experiences regarding gender and sexuality in the school/academic context. The research was qualitative and involved the participation of seven undergraduate students enrolled in the Mandatory Supervised Internship III and Mandatory Supervised Internship IV at a federal public university. The research instrument was the (au-to)biographical narratives written by the students, obtained through a single-question questio-nnaire created on the Google Forms platform. For the analysis of the (auto)biographical narra-tives, analytical categories were considered a posteriori. The results of the analyses concer-ning the students' experiences with gender and sexuality issues in the school/academic con-text, as reported in their (auto)biographical narratives, indicated: the absence of discussion on gender and sexuality issues within the school and/or academic environment; uncertainty on how to act, intolerance, and/or prejudice by students/teachers regarding gender and sexuality issues in the school and/or academic setting; disrespect and bullying related to gender and sexuality issues in the school and/or academic environment; respect for gender and sexuality issues within the academic context; contributions of courses/programs regarding gender and sexuality issues in the school and/or academic environment; knowledge of how to act on gen-der and sexuality issues in my teaching practice; and ways to integrate gender and sexuality issues into Chemistry education. Therefore, this research can contribute to discussions about gender and sexuality issues in the initial training of Chemistry teachers, as it presents the ex-periences of students and highlights how the absence of these issues in professional training can hinder inclusive education.Item Estudo de viabilidade do uso de areia residual da produção de silicato de sódio no processo produtivo(2024-09-23) Abreu, Giovanna Pereira de; Gomes, Maria José de Filgueiras; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0060810526769648; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7823109121355746Sand is the main raw material used in the production of sodium silicate. However, the sand waste generated by the silicate industries is a constant and significant problem, with an average annual disposal of 142 tons. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the reduction of this waste through available practices for proper disposal or, when possible, reuse it, given that it can cause negative impacts on the environment. In addition, reusing sand also has the benefit of reducing production costs, since it can be reincluded in the process without compromising yield. In this sense, it is of great relevance to create sustainable solutions capable of efficiently addressing the social, environmental and economic challenges involved and which can be applied in industries. The aim of this work was to evaluate the reuse of this industrial waste and study its reuse in new reactions aimed at the production of sodium silicate. For this purpose, the residue was subjected to a washing process, followed by titrimetric tests, in triplicate, to determine the Na₂O content in the water washing, using 2.0N HCl as titrant, resulting in an average value of 12.80%. X-ray fluorescence tests were also performed on the solid part after washing, indicating a SiO₂ percentage of 99.009%, a value comparable to that of virgin sand, whose SiO₂ content varies between 98.00% and 100.00%, which demonstrates that the results obtained in the residue presented satisfactory results. Based on a formulation suggested in this research, it can be concluded that the reuse of sand in the sodium silicate production process could promote a cost reduction of R$9,870 per batch, representing an annual saving of R$259.670,4, integrating sustainable practices and cost reduction in silicate production.Item O uso de atividades experimentais como auxílio no processo de ensino-aprendizagem das funções inorgânicas ácidos e bases(2024-09-09) Gomes, Felipe Albuquerque; Silva, Suely Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3497194749381919; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6876895388867911This research aims to analyze the use of experimental activities in the teaching-learning process of the inorganic functions of acids and bases, using alternative materials from students' daily lives. The research was carried out in a 1st year high school class. The methodological approach adopted was qualitative, which included the application of expository classes and experimental practices, with the subsequent application of a questionnaire to assess students' understanding of acid and base content and experimental activities. The results demonstrated, therefore, that the integration of experimental activities in teaching the functions of inorganic acids and bases not only facilitated the understanding of these concepts, but also promoted a more engaging and effective learning environment. We conclude that experimentation as part of the educational process strengthens the relationship between theory and practice, allowing students a deeper and more applied understanding of the contents studied, in addition to contributing to more effective and motivating learning, facilitating the understanding of abstract concepts and promoting students' interest in the subject of Chemistry.Item Abordagem ciência-tecnologia-sociedade (CTS) no ensino de Química: uma pesquisa bibliográfica nos Anais de Encontros Nacionais de Ensino de Química (ENEQ)(2024-09-19) Lima, Camila Xavier Taumaturgo de; Firme, Ruth do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7234636790850019; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9325446277008940The research reported in this monographic work aimed to analyze the productions on the CTS approach in the teaching of Chemistry within the scope of the proceedings of the National Meeting of Chemistry Teaching (ENEQ) in the period from 2012 to 2022. The research was characterized as bibliographical research and followed three stages: 1) search for works available in the annals of ENEQ from 2012 to 2022, using keywords such as science, technology and society separately and together; 2) application of inclusion criteria – complete works with keywords in the titles. In this process, 75 works were mapped for analysis; and 3) reading the summaries of the works mapped for analysis. For the analysis of the works, the following analytical categories were considered: Acronyms CTS and CTSA; Thematic Focus; Levels/Teaching Modalities; and Types of Research. The results indicated that the majority of works, in the analyzed period, use the acronym CTS, had the thematic focus Content and Method, High School and Youth and Adult Education (EJA) were the teaching levels/modalities present in most of the studies. works and Applied Research was the most developed in the works analyzed. These results, as expected in a bibliographical research, point out aspects that could constitute objects ofItem Impressões de um grupo de licenciandos em Química da UFRPE sobre a sua formação inicial(2024-10-01) Cesário, Lucas da Silva; Lima, Analice de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2273105974559580; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9217362239710121The present research aimed to analyze the impressions of students of the Chemistry Degree course at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) about their initial training. For this, a qualitative study was carried out with ten undergraduate students in chemistry of this Institution who were in the final periods of the course. The research instrument was a narrative interview in which the exmanents (research questions or questions of interest to the researcher) were thought out and defined. These questions were aimed at guiding the conversation between the interviewee and the interviewer in order to address the themes addressed in the research and thus meet the established objectives. The results show a diversity of impressions about the teaching career, including positive and critical views about initial training. The undergraduates highlight the need for greater integration between theoretical content and practical experiences and point out that the experience of institutional programs related to teaching and supervised internships are essential for this integration. However, the students' criticisms of the disconnection between theory and school reality suggest the need for curricular adaptations and longitudinal studies that accompany their trajectories, aiming to improve training and better prepare future teachers for the challenges of their careers.