01. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE (Sede)
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Item Panorama da situação epidemiológica da sífilis adquirida e congênita no Brasil: uma análise direcionada ao âmbito social e medidas preventivas(2024-02-15) Santos, Tatiana Alves dos; Cavalcanti, Yone Vila Nova; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3476206328790443; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7842303096765509Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Treponema pallidum, affecting humans since the era of the great navigations. Currently, it is associated with an exponential number of annual cases both worldwide and in Brazil, complicating control, reduction, or elimination in the population. Therefore, the epidemiological situation of syphilis in Brazil during the period from 2015 to 2023 was analyzed, associated with social variables, coping measures promoted by health organizations, and dissemination of information to society. A descriptive, analytical, and quantitative study of an informative nature was conducted, focusing on the rates of acquired and congenital syphilis in the country, in which, to investigate this scenario, the database of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and the 2023 Epidemiological Bulletin released by the Ministry of Health were used to quantify cases of the disease in the Brazilian territory, based on the variables established during the period from 2015 to 2023. During the study period, 1,201,327 cases of acquired syphilis and 202,167 cases of congenital syphilis were identified. Males showed a higher predominance of cases, with the age group of 20 to 29 years being particularly notable. It was also observed that the Southeast region (especially the state of São Paulo) has the highest number of cases of both forms of transmission. Furthermore, acquired syphilis correlated with the social sphere, showing a numerically high prevalence among individuals identified as pardos (mixed race) and the prevalent educational level of the infected being completed high school. Regarding congenital syphilis, it was observed that Brazil has a prenatal coverage of 90%, with the majority of pregnant women undergoing prenatal care, although it does not reflect its quality. It is concluded that syphilis is a disease with a high number of cases in Brazil. In this context, the number of cases is related to vulnerabilities (whether economic, geographical, or educational) of the infected, associated with a lack of specific knowledge to understand the severity and risks that this disease poses, leading to its dissemination in the population.Item Os números da obesidade no Brasil: uma reflexão sobre causas, impactos e enfrentamento(2024-03-08) Freitas, Ana Beatriz Maia de; Souza, Andréa Carla Mendonça de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7930636205116799Obesity, a multifactorial chronic disease, is defined as an accumulation of abnormal or excessive fat that can be harmful to health, affecting people of all social groups and ages. It is contemporary, being spread in developed and developing countries around the world. Its occurrence causes, in addition to the consequences of obesity itself on quality of life and health, the development of other comorbidities that are associated with it. Heart disease, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, cancer and mental illnesses are triggered or worsened by the presence of obesity. Among the causes of the pathology are the increase in the rate of sedentary lifestyle and the maintenance of eating habits increasingly rich in ultra-processed foods with high levels of sugar, fat and sodium. Likewise, the analysis of the social determinants of obesity is addressed, which contributes to the development of reflections and promotion of the identification of effective solutions to issues that refer to gender, race, level of education, economic inequality and other situations, given that the intensity of chronic non-communicable diseases such as obesity varies according to certain contexts. Based on the aspects mentioned, the objective of this study is to carry out a bibliographical review addressing the main definitions, numbers, projections, causes, impacts and treatment measures available to combat obesity in the country. This is a literature review with searches in online databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and SciELO, as well as websites of the World Health Organization, Pan American Health Organization and Ministry of Health. The selection criteria were scientific productions with freely available texts, in English and Portuguese and with the time frame of the most accessed publications in recent years. It can be concluded that so far, it is not possible to observe a decrease in the numbers of overweight and obesity in the country. The social determinants of obesity such as gender, social class, income and educational level, for example, must be debated in order to establish strategies to combat the pathology in the population. State intervention with the development of public policies is crucial in the advancement and promotion of a society with healthy habits and which has as one of its pillars the quality of life and effective reduction in obesity rates and its associated diseases.Item Análise espacial da transmissão de esquistossomose urbana em Jaboatão dos Guararapes no contexto da saúde única(2024-03-08) Araujo, Emilly Kilma Gomes de; Fonsêca, Francinete Torres Barreiro da; Gomes, Elainne Christine de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7173069660592793; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2545929400317612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540954285503240Schistosomiasis mansoni is a Neglected Tropical Disease transmitted by the worm Schistosoma mansoni. The disease has historically manifested itself in rural areas in Brazil, but has migrated to urbanized contexts, related to rainfall and flooding, mainly in coastal areas of the state of Pernambuco. This work aims to investigate the environmental transmission factors that condition the spread of schistosomiasis, in the neighborhood of Candeias, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, in the context of Saúde Única. Methodology: All floods, sewage outlets, open sewers, houses that were part of the coproscopic survey in May 2023 and the breeders of Biomphalaria spp found in the study area were georeferenced with the help of GPS in the months of August and October 2023. Parasitological diagnosis was performed using the Kato-Katz and Hoffmann techniques. The snails were subjected to light exposure to identify Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Spatial analyzes were carried out using the QGIS program. Conclusion: 19 creators were identified, 1 of which was a transmission foci, all of specie Biomphalaria glabrata. The community presented 53 positive individuals, with positivity rates of 11.67% for schistosomiasis and 2.86% positive for geohelminthiasis. Of the total, 79% of cases were of mild intensity, 13.9% of medium intensity and 6.9% of high intensity. The individuals with the highest parasite load were in the houses close to Lagoa Olho D’água, while the cases were conducted as the houses were further away from the Lagoa. The street with the most breeders also had a high distribution of sewage outlets. Most of the snails were found in open sewers. It was possible to observe through flood spots that the community is completely exposed during times of flooding caused by heavy rain. A scheme was created that illustrates the interaction between animals-humans-environment in the transmission of schistosomiasis through the One Health approach, highlighting environmental sanitation, the presence of snails and poverty as the main factors in the transmission of the disease.Item Análise de incidência de câncer de vesícula biliar em pacientes atendidos no Laboratório Municipal de Saúde Pública do Recife (2014 - 2022)(2024-02-05) Santos, Bruna Maria Correia dos; Souza, Paulo Roberto Eleutério de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1971832245117283; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2311174575605049Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is considered a rare type of cancer by the World Health Organization (WHO) and characterized by the absence of symptoms in the early stages, but in advanced stages manifests with abdominal pain. The WHO considers this type of tumor as the most common in the biliary tract, associating it with risk factors such as gallstones, age, female sex, and a higher propensity in white individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gallbladder cancer in patients undergoing elective cholecystectomies, assessing the occurrence of GBC in patients treated at the Municipal Public Health Laboratory of the Recife- Pernambuco from 2014 to 2022. An observational, retrospective, descriptive-analytical study was conducted using secondary sources of patients diagnosed with GBC from 2014 to 2022. A total of 17,970 medical records were analyzed during the study period. Among these, 10 were related to the gallbladder, and only 2 had a diagnosis of GBC. The female sex was present in 70% (7/10) of the cases and 50% were diagnosed with gallstone disease. The most performed operation was simple cholecystectomy. In the two patients with GBC, the diagnosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma was confirmed. Tumor staging revealed 50% (1/2) at stage IIIb and 50% (1/2) at stage II among the examined cases. Thus, this study confirmed the prevalence of gallbladder adenocarcinoma in GBC and identified cholelithiasis as the main risk factor similar to previous studies.Item Modelos matemáticos epidemiológicos do tipo SIS e SIR e o segundo método de Lyapunov(2023-05-05) Santos, Letícia Maria Menezes dos; Didier, Maria Ângela Caldas; Freitas, Lorena Brizza Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2302580820419163; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9721552594807972; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9115322351374062This work aims to study epidemiological mathematical models of the SIS (Susceptible- Infected-Susceptible) and SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Removed) types, focusing on the stability of the equilibrium points of the differential equation systems that describe them. Stability analysis will be presented in two ways, using the eigenvalue characteristics and/or the trace of the system matrix and using the Second Lyapunov Method. We also address the stability of variations of these models, considering non-constant total population and vital dynamics (births and deaths), or dividing the population of infected individuals into exposed individuals (infected who do not yet transmit the disease) and infectious individuals (infected who transmit the disease). We define the Basic Reproduction Value, and for some models, we present ways to obtain it from the involved rates and initial conditions of the system. A calculation that determines the maximum number of infected individuals reached was performed for the SIR model with constant total population and without vital dynamics. Finally, to understand how these models are practically applied, we decided to study the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in the state of Pernambuco in 2020 and 2021 through the SIR model with constant population size and no vital dynamics. To do this, we calculated the Basic Reproduction Value and the maximum number of infected individuals for each case. It is worth noting that an evolutionary algorithm was used to obtain a model that best approximated the real data.Item Relatório de conclusão do programa de residência em área profissional de saúde em medicina veterinária - medicina veterinária preventiva - doenças parasitárias: inquérito soroepidemiológico para detecção de anticorpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi em cães provenientes de Camaragibe, Pernambuco(2022-02-23) Lima, Maria de Lara Oliveira; Alves, Leucio Câmara; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6563157522654726; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6108177158055138The Residency Program in the Professional Health Area in Veterinary Medicine at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) was developed with the aim of preparing Veterinarians for the service in their specific area of knowledge. The program presents a lato sensu postgraduate teaching modality, with a full-time regime and duration of 24 months. This report aims to describe the theoretical-practical activities developed during the residency, from March 2020 to February 2022, totaling a workload of 5,760 hours, divided into two major areas of concentration, one specific and one common to all program professionals. The workload developed in the specific area of Preventive Veterinary Medicine - Parasitic Diseases, was 4,800 hours, dedicated to the routine of the Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases at UFRPE as well as the development of theoretical disciplines throughout the residency period, and 960 hours were developed in Public Health, distributed in the areas of Health Surveillance and Primary Health Care (NASF-AB) in the city of Recife, Pernambuco. Moreover, a research about “Seroepidemiological survey for detection of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in dogs from Camaragibe, Pernambuco” was made.Item Epidemiologia da tuberculose em Pernambuco no período de 2008 a 2018(2019-12-10) Lima, Larycia Ramos de; Cavalcanti, Yone Vila Nova; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3476206328790443Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases in the world. Evidence of the disease has already been found in prehistoric human bones in Germany and there are records dating back 8,000 bc. In Pernambuco, in 2018, 5,026 cases of the disease were confirmed, an increase of 9% when compared to the 2015 data (4,599). According to the State Tuberculosis Control Program of the State Department of Health (SES), the State has been reinforcing the importance of prevention and detection of the disease with municipalities, in addition to periodically conducting clinical management courses of patients for health professionals. The objective of this work was to understand what tuberculosis is, to raise information about the causes of evolution in the last 10 years, transmission, clinical manifestations and control campaigns in the State of Pernambuco. The methodology used was based on an exploratory and descriptive bibliographic review.Item Perfil epidemiológico e atualidades no tratamento e prevenção contra DENV2 no Brasil(2019-12-10) Oliveira, Ítalo Henrique de; Cavalcanti, Yone Vila Nova; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3476206328790443Dengue, a systemic infection caused by a virus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito is widely described in the literature as a major worldwide public health problem. Over the years, given the worldwide distribution and consequent occurrence of worldwide epidemics, dengue has become the target of relevant studies. Currently, it is known that dengue virus comprises five different serotypes, named: DENV-1, DENV2, DENV-3, DENV-4 and DENV-5. Among these, DENV-2 has been reported in many countries, including Brazil, as the serotype responsible for the highest severity of dengue. Here, the objective was to produce a bibliographic survey about the epidemiological aspects and etiological agents associated with DEN2, highlighting the current pharmacotherapy and the perceptive treatment and prevention. Thus, since the first records of DENV-2 infection in Brazil, this serotype has a wide national distribution, although the number of studies that characterize the epidemiological profile of dengue by serotypes is limited. As far as treatment is concerned, there is currently no pharmacotherapeutic scheme that can combat all dengue serotypes and this has serious socioeconomic implications as it results in high medical costs. Finally, although there are different studies focusing on the development of vaccine strategies, including virus-like particle approaches (VLPs), there is also a need to explore these approaches given the occurrence of adverse events and reduced efficacy.Item Sarampo: uma revisão(2019-12-13) Silva, Giovanna Moraes da; Cavalcanti, Yone Vila Nova; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3476206328790443; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1569236744757213Measles is a serious, infectious disease, highly transmissible, with universally distribution, caused by the virus, of the genus Morbillivirus of the Paramyxovidae family. Its pathology characterized by high fever and generalized maculopapular rash, as well as cough, runny nose and conjunctivitis, which can cause death. Transmission occurs through the patient’s nasopharyngeal secretions eliminated int the act of sneezing, coughing and breathing. The present study aimed to highlight the epidemiological data related to measles, as well as its clinical aspects, complications, diagnoses, and strategies for its control. The bibliographic survey was carried out mainly from scientific articles, epidemiological bulletins from the Ministry of Health and weekly bulletins from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). In Brazil, measles has been a compulsory notifiable disease since 1968, in 2016, Brazil received from PAHO the certificate of elimination of the circulation of measles virus, however, this certificate was lost in 2019, due to the reintroduction of the virus in 2018. Before the vaccine was introduced, measles caused the deaths of approximately 2.6 million people a year, even with an effective vaccine, measles is still a matter of global concern, with several outbreaks worldwide in 2019, even in countries where measles was considered eradicated, the low and non-homogeneous vaccination coverage within countries generates susceptible individuals to the virus, causing the disease to spread quickly, causing outbreaks. Given the current global scenario of the disease, the need for continuous strengthening of epidemiological surveillance to control the disease was evidenced. In addition, it is necessary to intensify prevention, through immunization strategies, aimed at reaching the target of 95% coverage established by the National Immunization Program, the support of laboratory networks and the media are also essential in the control and eradication of this pathology.Item Análise epidemiológica das notificações das leishmanioses e leptospirose humana no estado de Alagoas, Nordeste do Brasil(2020-11-06) Bugarim Neto, Clarício Alvim; Barros, Mércia Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1935392548217410; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9863818675601439The Compulsory Supervised Internship (ESO) is part of the curricular matrix for completing the Bachelor's Degree in Veterinary Medicine at the “Universidade Feral Rural de Pernambuco” (UFRPE). The student completed his total workload of 420 hours, from August 17 to October 30, 2020. Veterinary physicians professionals play an important role in Public Health, which constitutes an eminent field of interdisciplinary performance, through the application of knowledge professionals, aiming at the prevention of diseases or injuries and the promotion and recovery of animal and human health. The present work of conclusion of the course contains the description of the activities developed in the “Superintendência de Vigilância em Saúde” (SUVISA), which is an organ belonging to the “Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Alagoas” (SESAU) and to report an epidemiological analysis of the notifications of leishmaniasis and leptospirosis in the state of Alagoas that was carried out during the internship period. Surveillance aims at the continuous observation of the distribution and incidence of diseases through the systematic collection, consolidation and evaluation of reports, regulating the dissemination of this information to the entire population. In the health field, surveillance is related to the practices of care and promotion of it to citizens and to the mechanisms adopted for disease prevention. The activities developed provided constructive moments, also promoting criticality within the moral and ethical-professional precepts. ESO contributed greatly to the level of practical learning, allowing us to observe the importance of integration between the services provided by the Unified Health System and the need for attention from new veterinary medical professionals to the concept of One Health, which seeks effort collaborative work of several professionals who work locally, nationally and globally, to achieve optimal health for people, animals and our environment.