(2024-03-07) Azevedo, Lana Sofia Alcântara da Silva; Shinohara, Neide Kazue Sakugawa; Lima Júnior, Manoel Sebastião da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5659384950804495; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7105928729564845; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0935098988309755
This article addresses the main transmission routes of leishmaniasis, an anthropozoonosis transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies of the genus Leishmania. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is included in the national list of reportable diseases and health problems, according to the Ministry of Health. After discussing the expansion of leishmaniasis to urban areas, we also explore different transmission modes, including blood transfusion and needle sharing. Asymptomatic infection is also addressed, especially concerning blood donation, highlighting its relevance in the context of public health. Control strategies, such as treating human cases and combating the vector, are emphasized, highlighting challenges and limitations. The article includes a case study in Recife-PE, highlighting the importance of efficient screening of blood donors to prevent transmission. The study methodology is detailed, involving data collection, DNA extraction, and molecular analyses. The results indicate the need for improved diagnostic methods to ensure effective identification of Leishmania. Finally, this study concludes by reinforcing the importance of effective actions in leishmaniasis control and highlighting the need for future research to overcome existing challenges.
