Licenciatura em Química (UAST)

URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/2945

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Uma abordagem da radioatividade no ensino médio a partir de um estudo de caso
(2019) Belarmino, José Cleuton da Silva; Silva, Cristiane Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1000796161353860; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3251847005725278
Radioactivity is a process in which a nucleus with a certain amount of protons and neutrons can be transformed into another nucleus with different protons and neutrons. We can find various applications and influences of radioactivity in our everyday lives, such as in medicine, industry, agriculture and livestock, making this subject important to be discussed in the classroom. However, despite the relevance of radioactivity in teaching, the subject is often taught in a superficial way, since it is almost always left to be taught in the last months of the academic semester. Given this, this work aims to address this theme with greater emphasis and analyze the development of high school student learning from the application of a case study on the subject in the classroom. This case study was applied to a group of the 3rd year of high school in the technical course of administration of the state technical school Pedro Leão Leal, in the city of São José do Belmonte, Pernambuco. For data collection, an initial questionnaire, a final questionnaire and the presentations of the case solution were used. Through the results obtained, we believe that the use of a case study approaching social issues contextualized on the thematic radioactivity can be an alternative that can contribute to the learning of high school students.
Alilação do tipo Barbier de Aldeídos aromáticos promovida por Zn e catalisada por L-Prolina em meio aquoso
(2019) Souza, Fabrícia Aparecida Marques de; Silva, Renato Augusto da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5111987334920733; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0102375050840904
Given the various strategies to form C-C bonding, involving organometallic intermediates, the Barbier reaction has proved to be an important methodology that can be performed efficiently in aqueous media with several advantages.The use of organocatalysts has also been very advantageous in various chemical reactions to a synthesis of safe and environmentally correct products.In this work, synthetic methodologies were studied to obtainhomoallyl alcoholsby means of alilation of the Barbier type. In order to follow the principles of green chemistry, the method relies on allylation reactions from aromatic aldehydes, allyl bromide, zinc and L-proline as catalyst, using water as the solvent. Aromatic aldehydes with allyl bromide, zinc and a 20% L-proline as catalyst were tested, being 4-F-benzaldehyde, 4-OMe-benzaldehyde and 2-naphthaldehyde using water as the solvent. Secund, the increase in the amount of L-proline to 80% was added and 3 aromatic aldehydes were tested, being 4-F-benzaldehyde, 2-OH-benzaldehyde and 2-OMe-benzaldehyde with allyl bromide, zinc and water. All data were previously monitored by CG-FID and CCD and the homoallyl alcoholswere characterized from the respective signals by GC-MS, throughcomputerized comparison of the library masses of the apparatus itself and the specific fragmentation pattern.In the first 3, with 20% L-proline, excellent conversions were detected, but 4-F-benzaldehyde was fully converted to 1-(4-fluorophenyl) but-3-en-1-ol with only 1h of magnetic stirring , 4-OMe-benzaldehyde converted to 1-(4-methoxyphenyl) but-3-en-1-ol with 4h and 2-naphthaldehyde converted to 1-(2-naphthyl) but-3-en-1-ol with 1h, in all cases, without formation of by-products. Subsequently, in the last 3 assays, with 80% proline L, the reaction time of 4-F-benzaldehyde was reduced to 30 minutes with complete conversion of the 1-(4-fluorophenyl) but-3-en-1-ol alcohol; 2-OH-benzaldehyde and 2-OMe-benzaldehyde were converted respectively into 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) but-3-en-1-ol and 1-(2-methoxyphenyl) but-3-en-1, however, traces of the starting materials were still detected. The 1-(4-fluorophenyl) but-3-en-1-ol and 1-(2-naphthyl) but-3-en-1-ol alcohols were also characterized by 1 H and ¹³C NMR.
Análise da III Feira de Ciências e Mostra Científica de Serra Talhada - PE e seus impactos na aprendizagem e divulgação científica
(2019) Siqueira, Francisca Suene Alcântara; Bezerra, Bruna Herculano da Silva; Câmara, Maria Suely Costa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9163311260887432; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1039531472437739; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4198097343466398
Análise da transposição didática do conteúdo de ligação iônica no contexto do ensino médio do Sertão do Pajeú
(2019) Lima, Marcelo Igor dos Santos; Silva, Flávia Cristiane Vieira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7354496286889274; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1823615287816932
The present research had the objective of analyzing the external and internal didactic transposition of the ionic bond content in the context of High School in the Sertão do Pajeú. The notion of didactic transposition, proposed by Yves Chevallard (1991), consists of a process in which knowledge is submitted to a set of modifications, from the academic sphere (knowing wise) to the school environment, in two stages: external (resulting not knowing to be taught) and internal (resulting in the knowledge taught). The research is haracterized asqualitative and was developed in two high schools in the city of Serra TalhadaPE. In this work, the external phase of the transposition was initially analyzed, observing the modifications that the knowledge is submitted to the classroom for the ionic content, investigating the following elements: dessincretization, repersonalization, recontextualization, programmability and publicity. The technique used for data collection was the Bardin Content Analysis (2010). Next, we try to analyze the internal phase of the transposition, observing how two teachers didaticamente transposes the content inside the inner walls of the classroom, analyzing the elements of didactic transposition mentioned above. For the analysis of the elements of the transposition, we are based on the proposal of Brito Menezes (2006), Neves (2009), Guimarães (2009) and Melzer (2012). From the analysis of the external phase of the transposition, we notice that the noosphere follows a pattern in the presentation of the content, associating the ionic bond stabilization with the octet rule, which is a biologically aged content (LIMA et al., 2018) in the students' learning, as Bodner (1991), Taber (1994) and Toma (1997) affirm. Regarding the analysis of the internal phase of transposition, we noticed that teachers usually follow exactly what is proposed in textbooks, which sometimes present concepts far too far from wise knowledge, and ends up transposing this information to the students in a teaching process and learning. From this, it was possible to identify all the elements in the external and internal phase of the transposition, and we emphasize the importance of the teacher in maintaining an epistemological vigilance, in order to reduce the distance between the three spheres of knowledge, transposing information more coherent with the which is scientifically stated, for students.
Análise das contribuições de um estudo de caso abordando controvérsias históricas para as discussões sobre natureza da ciência na formação inicial de professores de química
(2019) Lima, Cicera Gondim de; Silva, Cristiane Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1000796161353860
Many researches in the field of chemistry teaching point out the importance of including the history of science in scientific disciplines. Certainly, the teaching of the history of science not only helps in understanding about science and its development, but also the way students will express themselves, exposing their opinions. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the contributions of a case study containing historical controversies on the theory of valence for discussions about the nature of science. For that, a case study containing a historical controversy on the development of valence theory was applied in a History of Chemistry class of the UFRPE / UAST Chemistry undergraduate course. In addition to the case study, which was filmed, in order to analyze the discussions carried out by the licensees, an initial and final questionnaire was also applied in order to verify the students' knowledge. The results indicate that the case study favored some discussions about the nature of science to emerge during case discussions, which indicates the historical case study as a good strategy for discussions about science.
Análise das contribuições de um júri simulado abordando controvérsias históricas para as discussões sobre natureza da ciência de professores de química em formação
(2019) Lima, Wellington Santos; Silva, Cristiane Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1000796161353860; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7879048653777338
Assuming that the understanding of the history of science contributes to the understanding of science more realistic, several strategies have been used to include these discussions in the classroom, both in high school and in the superior. Among them, the educational games have been used as a relevant tool for rapprochement between teachers and students, as well as in the wake of the interest of the same by the content. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the discussion of nature of Science (NdC) which are developed by Graduates in chemistry during the participation of the same in a mock trial history on the discovery of oxygen. The mock trial was held in the discipline of history of chemistry Degree course in chemistry of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, in the academic unit of Serra Talhada. Theactivity performed as central discussion questions about the flogistic theory and the discovery of oxygen and was held with 14 students in the half of 2018/1. The data were collected from the video recording of the mock trial, in which he sought to highlight the moments of discussion on NdC present throughout the strategy, to analyze the data, we used the research instrument present in the work (2017). In your research, the author has analyzed the same Historic episode for discussions about NdC, from discussions and reflections of the same text by licenciandos the results feature that participation in the mock jury allowed the Association of content studied something that was exciting for the pupil, thus contributing to a study far more motivating, giving opening for students to express their opinions on the subject making the matter was more complex in a much more interesting content. The use of the mock jury allowed students to exercise a role protagonist in the action, at which time these adopted papers at the trial, and can express themselves and show within the episode their views. What indicates that this strategy can be used by teachers of both the relevant high school as of higher education to the study of the history of science.
Análise das interações discursivas em uma oficina didática interdisciplinar sobre modelos atômicos
(2019-07-10) Rezende, Luana Russana Ferreira; Silveira, Thiago Araújo da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5110982163642369; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5110982163642369; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4751253414418946
The last years, research in chemistry teaching has search to promote resources to overcome the limitations presented in the traditional teaching model and that take into account the articulation between science, technology and the contextualization with the environment that the students are inserted. Therefore, this study analyzes the discursive interactions through a proposal of an interdisciplinary didactic workshop on atomic models with students of the first (1st) year of high school of a public school of the interior state network of Pernambuco. As a foundation, important references were considered about didactic workshops and theoretical orientations on dialogicity, hermeneutics, dialectics and complexity. The research methodology included the collection of data for videography of the five (5) stages of the workshop and subsequently to the analysis of this corpus to evaluate resources, directions and construction of meanings in the dialogues in the context of the interdisciplinary didactic workshops based on the list of observables proposed by Flores (2010),taking into account the theories presented above. As a result of this research, it was possible to identify that the workshop proposal as an active methodology that contributes to the students' socialization process by stimulating the articulation between doing, feeling and acting in a certain activity in sets and for building knowledge through dialogue. It is possible to conclude that the interdisciplinary didactic workshops allow great moments of interaction between student-student and student-teacher, which it should be well planned by the teacher to work the scientific concepts addressing through themes of the student's daily life and to have the decentralization of the speeches.
Análise do ensino das ciências e matemática em um contexto de educação quilombola
(2020-11-06) Silva, John Victor de Oliveira; Silveira, Thiago Araújo da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5110982163642369; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8190629644989342
Nowadays, our country has a huge amount of Quilombola Communities approved by the Fundação Cultural Palmares, they are survivors due to the strong struggles for the recognition and guarantees of their rights. In the educational aspects, important advances have been made in recent years in their appreciation of these peoples and new demands to increasingly expand cultural and ethnic diversity in Brazil, through the implementation of PCN's (National Curriculum Parameters), where it is based on Law no. 10,639 / 2003, the Quotas Law, Quilombola Education Guidelines, among others. The general objective of this work is to analyze the teaching of science and mathematics in a school located in Quilombola Community in rural Pernambuco, based on the speech of the teachers who teach in it. For this, we use a qualitative methodology, with interviews for data collection and for the analysis we carry out the Dialectic Hermeneutic Analysis. As a result, we realized that the investigated teachers always seek to relate the scientific content with the epistemological, cultural and historical issues of the community, mainly with the use of teaching strategies to better contextualize these contents; we also noticed that they are very careful about the elaboration of their plans and the relationship between the students' daily lives and the contents proposed in the curriculum.
Avaliação de milho (Zea mays) e feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) em solo (neossolo litólico) contaminado com Al(III) através de análise morfológica e espectrofotométrica
(2019) Silva, Maria Caroline Pereira da; Lima, Marcelo Batista de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2424699316257149; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844991714013250
Aluminum in its ionic form, Al (III), presents itself as a problem for the development of plant cultures and has been pointed as a potential factor for the emergence of neurodegenerative and bone diseases in humans. In this work we evaluated the influence of different Al (III) concentrations on soil samples (eutrophic cambisol) and corn (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) crops. This evaluation was made by the morphological and spectrophotometric analysis of the plants and by the analyzes by the titulometric and spectrophotometric method for the soil. Thus, a planting was performed for 21 days. The seed containers, three corn or three bean, were arranged in eight blocks, each block containing all soil samples treated with different Al (III) concentrations. After the germination and growth period, the crops and soil were analyzed. The main symptoms of morphological alteration observed in the plants were chlorosis, leaf curling and reduction in the root system and size. The spectrophotometric analysis of the plants resulted in Al (III) concentrations between 167.58-181.26 mg L-1. The analyzes performed on soil samples for Al (III) concentration by both methods presented different values. The titration method showed variations between 16.19-59.36 mg L-1 of Al (III), while in the spectrophotometric the values obtained were between 168.24-230.77 mg L-1 of Al (III).
A compreensão de estudantes do ensino médio sobre a temática alimentação saudável a partir de questões sociocientíficas
(2019) Menezes, Julyene da Silva; Bezerra, Bruna Herculano da Silva; Silva, Flávia Cristiane Vieira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7354496286889274; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1039531472437739; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7609654829609186
In the present work we propose to analyze the meanings and meanings, as well as the main preconceptions of the first year students of High School on the theme of healthy eating, through the development and application of a didactic sequence based on STS relations and the approach to questions socio-scientific. For this, we developed a field research of qualitative nature divided into two phases: delimitation of the context and the subjects of the research and elaboration of the didactic sequence and, finally, application of this one. In the first phase, we defined the subjects of the research and the place of application of the sequence, a regular school of the municipality of Serra Talhada-PE participant in the Pedagogical Residence Program of UFRPE / UAST and then we elaborated the didactic sequence in the 5E model. The second phase consisted of the application of the sequence in 15 50-minute classes, addressing the concepts of chemical elements and periodic table within the theme of healthy eating, the biases of nutrients naturally present in foods, impacts that the lack or excess of these bring to health and contamination of food by heavy metals from fertilizers and the breakdown of ore dams (Mariana and Brumadinho). For this purpose, we use materials selected or elaborated specifically for this purpose, such as questionnaire, news, play, summary and two socio-scientific questions based on cases. The data analyzed were constructed in two phases of the sequence, the phase of engagement, in which we sought to map the main conceptions of the students on the subject, and the evaluation phase, where we delimited two episodes of the resolution of the second SSI and analyzed the semantic relations and STS aspects emerging in each one by virtue of the wide variety of constructed data. In general, the proposed sequence proved to be very efficient in addressing the issue, a very wise socio-scientific question, with which the students felt extremely at ease and interested in discussing and thus bringing about a vast heterogeneity of conceptions, senses and meanings the mobilization of aspects relevant to the STS relationship.
Concepções sobre os papéis educativos, transposições didáticas e ensino de química no contexto da pandemia
(2020-11-06) Claudino, Alice da Silva Amaral; Silveira, Thiago Araújo da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5110982163642369; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2798830185426782
In this work, we seek to analyze the didactic transpositions that occurred in the teaching and learning of chemistry in the scope of the education of the deaf in Remote Education. Understanding the role and concepts of the Sign Language Interpreter - ILS and the Chemistry teacher regarding their professional practices in building the knowledge of the deaf student, in a regular school. The research used a qualitative approach and used semi-structured interviews as a data source. For the interpretation of data we use the method proposed by Minayo, the hermetic-dialectic analysis (AHD), which understands the research subjects through all the implications: historical, sociocultural, political, economic and educational. As a result, we observed that there was no instruction or guidance on how to start Remote Education, thus demonstrating a gap in the noosphere of external didactic transposition. In face-to-face chemistry classes, visual aids were present and remotely the greatest difficulty is the impossibility of carrying out experiments. We also identified that the interpreter recognizes his role, but is covering and receiving charges that do not belong to the ILS function. Finally, we can conclude that a change is necessary in the teacher's conceptions, so as not to overload the interpreter and really inclusive actions should be considered together with the school, teacher and interpreter that will influence the teaching and learning of the deaf student.
Da fotografia da janela ao retrato do cangaço: elaboração e validação de um documentário como instrumento didático para o ensino de ciências.
(2022-06-01) Galvão, Larissa Santos; Silva, Flávia Cristiane Vieira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7354496286889274; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9065313312309168
The present work has as main scope to present the validation steps of a documentary as a didactic resource for Science Teaching (CE). The short film, called "window to the sun: from the photography of the window to the portrait of the "cangaço", relates the presence of photography in the "cangaço" with the history and evolution of the photographic image, and the scientific phenomena associated with the capture process. Cinema can contribute significantly to the teaching and learning process, including in the natural sciences. The seventh art is able to influence people's lives, so besides contributing to the structuring of scientific knowledge, it provides opportunities for discussions about social issues. Such themes corroborate the student's citizenship education, for he immerses himself in the narratives that often express his reality on the screen. The documentary genre is the most widely used type of film in the classroom, mainly because it is associated with the effort to reproduce reality. To validate the documentary, semi-structured interviews were conducted with Nature Science teachers from a public school in the city of Serra Talhada - PE. Consequently, the transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using elements of the Textual Discourse Analysis (TDA) technique. As a result, the teachers showed that they see the "cangaço" more as history and culture, and associate the movement with Lampião, as a kind of Robin Hood style vigilante. Moreover, the teachers see not only the "cangaço" itself, but also the photograph of the "cangaço", as a possibility to apply in their classes. With this investigation, we can conclude that the documentary is a promising tool to teach Science, capable of providing more contextualized classes, stimulating especially the reflection about the "cangaço" and the presence of Science in the experiences of the "cangaceiros", and among them, practices that are part of the reality of many students. Furthermore, this material can favor activities involving more than one discipline, working together or not. This resource can also be used as a DDC (Documentary of Scientific Dissemination), to strengthen the relationship between society and the academic community, leading to a greater appreciation of science and its social roles.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização do filme antimicrobiano de polibutileno adipato-co-tereftalato (PBAT) com óleo essencial de cravo da índia para utilização em embalagem ativa
(2019) Amorim, Geisse Elike Pereira; Brito, Andréa Monteiro Santana Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5039313786764491; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6826511553929660
Embalagens biodegradáveis antimicrobianas com aditivos naturais são uma excelente alternativa para substituição de embalagens plásticas utilizadas comercialmente, uma vez que, suas vantagens vão desde a inibição da ação de microrganismos nos alimentos, até o benefício de minimizar os impactos ambientais por seu menor tempo de decomposição quando em contato com o meio ambiente. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver um filme polimérico para utilização em embalagem ativa antimicrobiana, produzido a partir do polibutileno adipato-co-tereftalato (PBAT) com adição do óleo essencial de Syzygium aromaticum (cravo da índia) e caracterizá-lo, avaliando as seguintes propriedades: i) inspeção física e visual (bolhas, uniformidade e flexibilidade); ii) ensaio de migração, onde foi simulado os meios ácido, neutro e alcóolico para exposição do filme e o sistema foi monitorado na banda 1515 cm-1, em um espectrofotômetro de infravermelho (FT-IR) utilizando o acessório de reflexão total atenuada (UATR), nos tempos de 0, 22, 44, 66, 88 e 110h; iii) permeabilidade ao vapor de água, determinada pelo método gravimétrico estático dessecante, norma ASTM E96 (2000) acompanhada por um período de 880 horas; iv)transparência, determinada usando um espectrofotômetro UV-Vis, avaliados em triplicatas e realizadas cinco leituras aleatórias em cada filme e v) análise termogravimétrica (TGA), na temperatura de 30°C a 600°C.Vale ressaltar, que por meio da cromatografia gasosa, foi encontrado um teor de 72,96% de eugenol no cravo da índica utilizado, indicando que o óleo essencial escolhido apresenta um potencial antimicrobiano. Os filmes obtidos, apresentaram-se uniformes, flexíveis e sem bolhas. A migração foi efetiva no tempo de 110h, sendo as primeiras 22h o tempo de maior migração. O meio simulante neutro foi o que teve a migração mais lenta, ainda que a variação de migração em relação aos demais meios foi bem pequena, se mostrando bastante apropriados em meio neutro, alcoólico e ácido. A incorporação do óleo essencial ao PBAT provocou um aumento na transparência e na permeabilidade ao vapor de água. A análise termogravimétrica revelou que os polímeros investigados se apresentam relativamente estáveis a uma temperatura abaixo de 350°C. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foi possível demonstrar que os filmes biodegradáveis produzidos a partir de PBAT com óleo essencial de cravo da índia é um sistema promissor para fins de uso em embalagens ativas antimicrobianas.
Efeito do óleo de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb) obtido na feira livre de Princesa Isabel – PB, sobre Callosobruchus maculatus em feijão armazenado
(2018) Lima, Edna Alves de; Silva, Renato Augusto da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5111987334920733; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3607195370784211
The Cowpea bean, Vigna unguiculata (Fabaceae), has an extraordinary role in feeding the population of the north and northeast regions of the country. However this culture is still detrimental to the loss of 10% of production due to the attack of insect-pests and use of synthetic chemical pesticides. In the present work the effect of the oil of Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) As natural defensive, was studied on the dry rot (Callosobruchus maculatus) in Beanscowpea both acquired in the city of Princess Isabelle, Sertão of Paraíba. The methodology is very simple and can be reproduced in a domestic environment, because there is no need for the use of toxic substances, the oil of pequi used in cooking and alternative medicine. For the experiment it was used only of plastic containers, account drops and domestic balance, all low cost and commercially accessible. Concentration of 0.0 mg to 167.0 mg of oil per 20g of beans were analyzed and as a result was estimated the average lethal concentration (LC50) = 98.24 by means of linear regression. The good results presented here revealed that Pequi oil can be an economically viable and affordable alternative to the management of the rot in stored beancowpea beans.
Estudo computacional das reações SN2 e E2: efeito do impedimento estérico do substrato e nucleófilo
(2017) Carvalho Júnior, Jailson Alves de; Souza, Túlio Ricardo Couto de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8553398552801408; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5851976775229056
Reactions SN2 and E2 are typical reactions of organic chemistry and there are a multitude of reactions in this segment, these are presented as fundamental in the synthesis, both in industry and in nature. And based on these utilities, we will show here the influence of some variables such as substrate, nucleophile and solvent will favor one of the two reactions, although they occur simultaneously, but with predominance of one over the other in all cases. Thus, in the present work two theoretical computational methods were developed with the aid of the GAUSSIAN 5.0.8 programfor the kinetic and thermodynamic study of these reactions, as well as the ideal conditions for their occurrence. In the first part of the study, there was a relative comparison between the two reactions at the semiempirical level AM1 and PM6, in the two methods the E2 reactions did not have expected behavior for the primary alkyl halides, whereas SN2 in the AM1 method also caused anomalous results, but In the PM6 method was presented as expected. Thus the study of the E2 reactions was terminated. The second part of the study was focused only on the SN2 reactions, in which several experiments were performed with different electrophiles and nucleophiles simulating an implicit methanol solvate medium (IEFPCM) at semiempirical PM6 level. The results were optimistic and corresponded to the expectations of the study, where factors such as steric effects on the electrophile, nucleophile and reactive medium had positive influences on the final result, following a tendency of reactivity imposed by experimental analyzes.
Estudo computacional dos mecanismos de formação do púrpura de ruhemann
(2019-07-16) Medeiros, Miguel Arcanjo Farias Leão Brasil de; Aguiar, Eduardo Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0178694896688192; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5545237324470650
Ninhydrin is often used to identify latent fingerprints (IDL) in crime scenes using Ruhemann's Purple pigment (RR) formation. This reaction occurs due to the several amino acids released by the eccrine gland whose excretory channel is directly into the pores of the skin. Ninhydrin was applied as IDL developer agent for the first time in 1954, since then it has become a popular reagent for the detection of fingerprints on porous surfaces. The literature reports three different proposals for mechanisms and there is no consensus about the preferential reaction route. The only computational work that addresses attention the mechanisms does not consider the importance of the thermal corrections that are indispensable to support its conclusions. In this sense, this work makes a computational effort in order to describe the thermodynamics of the mechanisms of McCaldin, Lamothe and Friedman to provide a better understanding of the reaction route. The values of total energy variation (ΔE) and the thermodynamic parameters ΔrG, ΔrH and ΔrS of the steps present in the McCaldin, Lamothe and Friedman mechanisms were calculated with B3LYP hybrid functional and base function 6-31++G(d,p) and compared to the ΔE values obtained in the literature at ab initio HF/6-31G* calculation level. It is important to mention that both HF and B3LYP results of the present work agree in some steps and disagree in others, which can be attributed to the use of a correlated B3LYP method and larger basis function 6-31++G(d,p). In this sense, the results obtained in this work provide greater reliability because of the more complete descriptions of the organic molecules present in the mechanisms. The calculation indicates that RP formation step, the dehydration of an amine intermediate known as Strecker amine will react with another ninhydrin molecule to form the desired product, the step being more energetic. We also note that the amine intermediate can be consumed to form another by-product, present in the mechanisms of McCaldin, Lamothe, and Friedman. In all three cases, the increase in temperature favors the path of RR formation. The mechanisms were endothermic (+34.41 kJ/mol) and exergonic (-94.69 kJ/mol) at the calculation levels used in this work, in agreement with the experimental observations
Estudo da água de tanques de piscicultura para uso em um sistema integrado de agricultura: um estudo químico e hormono-similar em prol do desenvolvimento agrário no interior da região nordeste
(2019-12-11) Maia, Hermógenes Bezerra; Nunes, Ramom Rachide; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6182302726895126; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1881302618582553
The low natural fertility of Brazilian soils is due, in the most part, to their high acidity and nutrient levels below those needed for cropproduction. This problem is more accentuated in the interior of the Brazilian Northeast, due to its edaphoclimatic conditions, characterized by their dry climate and irregular rainfall pattern. In another context, fish farming is becoming moreprominent and growing in the region, as aquaculture demands less water than conventional livestock, with an average of 800 L of water per kg of fish produced. Even in its importance, fish farming is considered an activity that generatespotentially toxic effluents, because it has a high content of organic matter (OM) and nutrients. Taking both issues as a challenge — the problem of poor soil fertility and effluent generation by aquaculture — the implementation of an integrated agriculture-fish farming system would be an interesting alternative as it would aim at reusing water from fish farms through enhancement of OM and nutrient recycling through irrigation, promoting benefits for crop production and agrarian development. Part of these benefits is imputed to the hormone-like activity, attributed to the presence of organic molecules that make up the OM fractions. In this sense, the present work aimed to conduct a chemical study of water from fish ponds for use in irrigation of plants of economic interest, besides evaluating the hormone-like activity of OM present in the analyzed samples. Fish farming water samples (FFW) were collected from the Cooperativa dos Produtores do Vale do Itaparica (COOPVALE), in the municipality of Itacuruba (PE) and their characteristics (pH, EC, turbidity, nutrients and TOC) were determined. To evaluate hormone-like activity, bioassays were performed with cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seeds, with different carbon concentrations, present in the FFW. According to the results obtained in the characterization of pisciculture water, it is considered that its chemical characteristics allow the use in irrigation ofplants of economic interest. In the bioassays it waspossible to observe the biostimulant action of FFW at concentrations from 5.0 mg C L-1. Furthermore, it is considered that the higher the carbon concentration in the FFW sample, the greater the biological response, as observed in the increase of C. sativus root growth index. Thus, it is concluded that it is possible to recycle and reuse the OM and nutrients of fish water in cropproduction,in favor of agrarian development within the NE Region, in an integrated system, agriculture-fish farming, in an organic farming system. agroecological, mimicking a cultivation in a family nucleus system, in the interior of the Northeast, in the Pernambuco hinterland.
Estudo das concepções sobre o novo ensino médio dos gestores e professores de ciências da rede de educação básica estadual de Pernambuco
(2019-12-10) Lima, Lucas da Silva; Silveira, Thiago Araújo da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5110982163642369
The New High School name by which it became known changes that Law no. 13,415 / 17 makes the LDB 1996, brings two major changes in this stage of basic education: one of workload and another curriculum. A structural change in high school focuses on the subjects that make up education systems in different ways. In this sense, this paper aims to analyze the conceptions of social actors affected by these measures regarding the legal framework regarding the feasibility, performance and knowledge; and curriculum theories, which are the rational, critical and post-critical. To this end, semistructured interviews were conducted with science teachers and the manager of a school in Calumbi-PE and a servant of the Pernambuco Department of Education. For data analysis, Minayo's Hermeneutic-Dialectical Analysis (2008) was used. When analyzing the data, we observed that the science teachers and the school manager understand that the viability of the proposals is limited and explain from the context in which the school in which they work is inserted, and the server of the Pernambuco Department of Education, conceives feasibility as possible in almost all of the legal framework. Regarding performance, science teachers do not accurately explain their role within the changes, while SEDUC's manager and server do so. The SEDUC server and the school manager are those whose speeches most closely match what is written in the legal framework. Regarding the curriculum, those that are more present in the interviewees' speeches were the traditional ones and the criticisms, although there are sporadic elements of different theories in all the speeches. In this context, we found that the conceptions of the investigated subjects have a strong relationship with the context and the curriculum view they present. As this is a preliminary study, as implementation is still in its infancy and the Pernambuco curriculum is still being formulated, further studies with different approaches are needed to reach a better understanding of the implications of a change in educational policies such as this one.
Estudo dos coagulantes naturais Cereus jamacaru, Opuntia ficus-indica e Pilosocereus gounellei como pré-tratamento para desinfecção solar
(2019) Sousa, Karina Michely Leite de; Lima, Marcelo Batista de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2424699316257149; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0109616249430654
Natural coagulants are used as an alternative to a viable water treatment, targeting populations that do not have access to treated water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the coagulant capacity of Cereus jamacaru (mandacaru), Opuntia ficus-indica (palm) and Pilosocereus gounellei (xiquexique) cacti as a pretreatment for disinfection by solar radiation. Acid extracts were prepared with 0.10 mol L-1 HCl of each cactus, using the viscous (pulp) and others with the dry matter coming from the bark, all in the proportion of 2.00 g of cactus to 3.00 mL of extraction solution. Ca (OH) 2 0.10 mol L-1 was used as the alkalizing agent. Nine tests of coagulation and flocculation were performed in Jar Test with the operating conditions as fast mixing speed of 150 rpm and fast mixing time of 60 s, slow mixing speed of 45 rpm, slow mixing time of 900 if sedimentation time 15 min along with the turbidity, color and pH parameters. The raw water samples used in the coagulation and flocculation tests presented high turbidity and color parameters. The tests performed with the extracts prepared with the dry matter did not show coagulant efficiency, on the other hand those that were used the extracts prepared with the pulp of the three cacti demonstrated good coagulant action obtaining, in the best test, the turbidity and color removals with the 98% and 92% mandacaru extract, 98% and 96% palm and 98% and 96% xiquexique. After the pre-treatment, disinfection by solar radiation was carried out, where the filtered and unfiltered samples were added in PET bottles with a capacity of 2.0 L and subjected to sun exposure for a period of 6 hours. The results obtained for the coagulation and flocculation pretreatment samples were negative for the presence of total coliforms, and no samples were positive for Escherichia coli. In this way, it can be affirmed that the cacti present themselves as great potential natural coagulants to be used as occasional pretreatment of real turbid waters for subsequent solar disinfection, since after the treatment all the evaluated parameters have met the established by the Brazilian legislation for drinking water.
Estudos de Docking molecular de derivados tiazóis com a BSA e como potenciais intercaladoresde DNA e inibidores da topoisomerase II
(2019) Rodrigues, Lucas Matheus de Souza; Souza, Túlio Ricardo Couto de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8553398552801408; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5849844924495469