TCC - Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (Sede)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/412
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Item Descrição do plexo braquial do bicho-preguiça Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825 (Mammalia: Pilosa)(2018) Alcântara, Silvia Fernanda de; Amorim, Marleyne José Afonso Accioly Lins; Albuquerque, Priscilla Virgínio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4763179519142393; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1237734889563996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5159071628325394The species of Bradypus variegatus is known as common sloth. It is an endemic mammal of Neotropical regions, which suffers from devastating human action. These Bradipodids were submitted to the three thoracic and pelvic, consecrated arboreal and descend to the ground only to excrete and change trees. The study had as its origin the brachial plexus of B. variegatus in relation to the origin and distribution of the nerves. For this, 10 adult females were used. A sós were carried out in the Anatomy Pavilion of the Department of Morphology and Physiology of the Animals of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, under license nº 034/2015 of the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals. The corpses were preserved after natural death, fixed at 20%, preserved in 30% solution in tanks and dissected to visualize the nerves destined to innervate the limbs and thoracic muscles. Once done, which is the brachial plexus of the common laziness originates from the fifth cervical segment, and is tracing to the second thoracic segment. It is formed by the long and suprascapular thoracic nerves, of immediate origin of the medial segment 5 and 6, and by the pectoral, subscapular, axillary, radial, musculocutaneous, medial, medial cutaneous nerves of the forearm and ulnar, with the effect of a trunk formed from of cervical spinal nerves (C) 7, C8, C9, and thoracic (T) 1 and T2. Compared with other animals, the wild rays and rays of light relative to the origin of the B. variegatus plexus, however, the constituent nerves and their innervation areas were not discrepancies.Item Catálogo de peixes costeiros de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil(2018) Lima, Rayssa Rayanna Salvador de Siqueira; Frédou, Flávia Lucena; Lira, Alex Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4276963449988218; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2857272395428156Marine biodiversity has a particular productivity and functionality, offering support to various habitats and keeping them more resilient to climate change. On the north and northeast coast of Brazil, waters are warm, which supports a variety of ecosystems, such as coral reefs, dunes, mangroves, and estuaries that house many species of flora and fauna. The coast of Pernambuco State has an approximate extension of 180 km and its ichthyofauna is estimated at more than 200 species. The lack of information about fish species from this coast, in a systematic way, through important didactic collections for the improvement and learning of students, such as catalogs containing information on taxonomy, biology and fishing are important sources for those working with the study of biodiversity and those interested in knowing the biodiversity of their own country. In addition, it generates a knowledge that can be used in different ways for environmental management. The ichthyofauna was collected on the north coast of Pernambuco, in the municipalities of Itapissuma, Itamaracá and Goiana (specifically in Catuama); and on the south coast, in the municipalities of Sirinhaém and Ipojuca (specifically in Suape). The fishes were sampled between the years of 2011 to 2015, totaling 99 fish samples along the coast. Six fishing gears were used: bottom trawl net, block net, seine, beach seine and gill net. The captured individuals were identified using specialized dichotomous keys, measured for standard (CP) and total length (CT), and photographs were taken and edited using free software. For the didactic collection, the individuals were fixed with 10% formaldehyde and preserved in 70% alcohol. A total of 151 species from 52 families were collected on the coast of Pernambuco, where 5 species are in the vulnerable category in the regional IUCN Red List. Also, 16 species had their CT higher than the CT found in the literature. The species were registered in the didactic-scientific collection of the Studies of Anthropogenic Impacts on Estuaries and Marine Biodiversity Laboratory located at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, and it were deposited at the NUPEM-UFRJ and at the Oceanography Museum of UFPE.Item Conhecimento de alunos de Escola Pública da Cidade do Recife-PE a respeito do vírus HPV e sua vacina(2018) Pinheiro, Raiane Caroline de Paula; Cavalcanti, Yone Vila Nova; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3476206328790443; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4242158875797760Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiologic agent of one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). There are more than 100 types of HPV and about 18 types cause cervical cancer. It usually causes lesions and warts in the anogenital and mucosal regions, where contact with them results in their transmission. The contamination and development of cervical cancer can be avoided through the use of condoms in sexual intercourse, gynecological examinations and, especially, the vaccination of the appropriate age group of up to 13 years. Many young people are unaware of the existence of the vaccine and thereby increase the rate of the disease. This study aims to know and evaluate the level of clarification of adolescents about HPV virus infection and its vaccine. The study was carried out in a public school in the city of Recife / PE. The data collection was done through the application of a questionnaire during the class time. The sample consisted of 125 middle and high school students, the majority of whom were between 14 and 16 years of age. It has been observed that most people know little or know nothing about HPV and that they have a misconception about the ways of transmitting the virus, mistaken for the HIV virus. From the obtained data it was possible to conclude that of the adolescents who were not immunized, most of them did not know that they could be vaccinated or did not have the opportunity. Thus, it is necessary for the school and the family to discuss sex education, as well as to increase health education campaigns.Item Descrição anatômica da artéria carótida externa e seus ramos na preguiça-comum, Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825 (Mammalia: Pilosa)(2018) Miranda, Maria Eduarda Luiz Coêlho de; Amorim, Marleyne José Afonso Accioly Lins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1237734889563996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6485172910664692Bradypus variegatus is a species of the family Bradypodidae and superorder Xenarthra, with a peculiar life habit and does not largely occur in quantity around the world as Brazil. It should be considered as a multidisciplinary biological model, making possible the maintenance of several biological studies. Particularly emphasizing the importance of morphological research, since these animals present great anatomical variation, mainly in the arterial vascularization. Thus, an anatomical description of sloth B. variegatus was performed from the external carotid artery (a.) and its branches. The corpses were acquired through the Wild Screening Center CETAS/IBAMA. Procedures were authorized by Animal Use and Experimentation Ethic Committee CEUA/UFRPE license nº 034/2015. Ten adult animals, all females, were sampled and submitted to dissection, then it was verified that the common carotid a. bifurcates over the external and internal carotid at the level of first tracheal ring. The external carotid extends to the maxilla, where creates branches to the temporal region and eye posterior pole. For all sampled animals, seven principal branches of external carotid were observed, and according to their origin and location were denominated as auricular, lingual, facial, bottom alveolar, temporal, maxillary and ophthalmic arteries. The maxillary and ophthalmic branches correspond to the terminals and others are lateral branches. In 50% of the animals sampled, the presence of arterial anastomoses was verified and 40% of them presented the addition of a branch to the principal. Almost one third (30%) of these demonstrated the presence of a tracheal branch and 10% of a sublingual branch, being these lateral branches. This study corroborates the understanding about the head and neck vascularization of sloth, aiding in the medical clinic of these animals.Item Avaliação microbiológica da água e do camurupim (Megalops atlanticus) na Lagoa do Araçá, Recife, PE, Brasil(2018) Silva, Maria Karollyna Gomes da; Shinohara, Neide Kazue Sakugawa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7105928729564845; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5632033938926317The fish are important protein sources for feeding human being, however they can be vehicles of diverse pathogenic microrganisms for the public health. When it has pollution, the environment in which these animals are inserted if it becomes a way of bacteriological contamination, influencing in microbiota of the fish. Soon, if it makes not only necessary to monitor the quality of the food, but also to follow the water of where it was removed. The Lagoon of the Araçá, situated in Recife-PE, is inserted in a Unit of Conservation of the Nature, however, the great amount of and effluent domestic and industrials who receive daily has caused increasing alteration and degradation in the local ecosystem. Ahead to this problematic one, the present study it had as objective to evaluate the microbiological quality of the water and the Megalops atlanticus in the Lagoon of the Araçá. In the period of October of 2017 the June of 2018, water collections had been carried through for microbiological analyses. The samples of fish had been acquired from local fishing in the period of August of 2017 the June of 2018, for determination of the centesimal composition; of the percentage of eatable parts after-processing and microbiological evaluation using as indicating total and thermotolerant coliforms, Staphyloccocus aureus, Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas spp. e Clostrídio reducing sulfite 46ºC (Clostridium perfringens). The gotten results disclose high concentrations of total and thermotolerant coliforms in the water of the Lagoon of the Araçá, being above of the standards established in the Resolution nº 357/2005 of the CONAMA. The results found in relation to the fish are in compliance with the RDC nº 12/2001 of the ANVISA, but we do not have to discard the risk how much to the consumption due to the joined concentrations of bacteria of fecal origin, that confirm the contamination in the estuary for pathogen proceeding from the oustings of effluent. In accordance with the results of the centesimal composition, were observed that the Megalops atlanticus is a lean fish with raised protein text, and that its initial weight influences the incomes of filet, not eatable head and residues. These data assist how much to the information of this fish in the Lagoon of the Araçá and alert how much to the risk in the consumption for the population. In front of this, is recommendable that the governmental bodies search to consider action for the improvement of the sanitary conditions of the Lagoon of the Araçá, especially the adequate treatment of the domestic sewers that affect directly in the dynamics of this ecosystem.Item Polyplacophora (Mollusca) nos Recifes Areniticos da Boca da Barra, Itamaracá -PE, Brasil(2018) Vasconcelos, Beatriz Angelo; Pinto, Stefane de Lyra; Alves, Marcos Souto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7568351870637048; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2971017849516459Polyplacophora (mollusca) on the sandy reefs of Boca da Barra, Itamaracá -PE, Brazil. This study was carried out in an area of natural resources, located on the Island of Itamaracá-PE, to characterize a taxonomic and spatial-temporal composition of Polyplacophora, in its dry (August to October 2016) and rainy (March to May 2017 ) during low tide. As collections were followed according to the square method. A total of 278 specimens were found distributed in a total of 2 families and 6 species. A more frequent species was Ischnochiton striolatus (Gray, 1828), which had a qualitative incidence among the species studied in rainy and dry plants, but increased in its nature. Factors are not available in the seasonal distribution of species.Item Avaliação de métodos de manutenção de Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis(2018) Xavier, Ana Carolina Cavalcante; Porto, Ana Lúcia Figueiredo; Oliveira, José de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3540150611094753; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4989617783837981; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4483834181760838Due to the rising environment pollution and growth in the cases of health problems through the indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides, Bacillus thuringiensis based insecticides have been widely used as na alternative method to combat pests and vectors. Bacillus thuringiensis (also know as Bt ) is a bacterium that produces crystalline protein inclusions which are very toxic to many insect vectors and pests, and harmless to humans and animals. The proper maintenance of this microorganism is fundamental for the formulation success, therefore, the method must guarantee the highest yield of biomass and must also preserve the proteins produced by it.The most commonly used maintenance methods are with the Bt kept on the surface of paper disks, in frozen pellet, continuous filings with the lyophilized culture, and with the culture kept submerged in mineral oil. This work had as objective to determine the method that provides greater yield of bacterial biomass. Thus, three methods of maintaining Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (cepa H-14/ IPA-CAV-Bti-0008): in paper disks, by freezing the pellet at -20 ºC and under mineral oil. Cultures were carried out in a bioreactor operating in batch discontinuous for each of the evaluated methods. Samples were taken every two hours to determine the growth curve of the microorganism by optical density (O.D). The analyzed parameters of pH, dissolved oxygen were automatically monitored by means of electrodes coupled to the equipment and inserted in the culture. The total yield of the bacteriaa biomass was determined by means of the flocculation / sedimentation process, with subsequent drying and determination of the dry mass. At the end of the cultures a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed to verify the profile of the proteins produced by the bacillus in each of the three methods. It was obtained that the method of preservation in mineral oil was the most efficient with regard to the higher yield of biomass, although the methods of maintenance in paper disc and the frozen pellet have the advantage of needing less storage space, risk contamination and cost.Item Estudo do polimorfismo +874 T/A do gene interferon gamma em pacientes com artrite reumatoide do estado de Pernambuco(2018) Barboza, Daniella Alves Silva Pimentel; Maia, Maria de Mascena Diniz; Silva, Isaura Isabelle Fonseca Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9915138553762710; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7051998554981575Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with prevalence between 0.5% and 1% of the adult population worldwide. The etiology is still not fully understood, but it is known that hormonal, environmental and immunological factors act together in individuals with genetic predisposition. Among the genetic factors, Interferon Gamma (IFNG) +874 T/A gene polymorphism is cited as acting in several autoimmune diseases. In this sense, the objective of this work is to analyze the relation of the +874 T / A polymorphism of the IFNG gene in RA, in a population of the State of Pernambuco. The present study was composed of 127 patients and 127 healthy controls, from which the blood samples collected were used for DNA extraction. Subsequently, amplification of the extracted DNA was performed, using the allelespecific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR). The amplified material was subjected to 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Statistical calculations were applied using Chi-square and Analysis of Variance. The results indicated that the + 874 T / A polymorphism of the IFNG gene is not associated to the development of RA, with genotypic distribution (TA x AA: p = 0.530 and TT x AA: p = 0.416) and allelic frequency (p = 0.851). However, individuals with TT and TA genotypes had significantly higher rates of disease activity compared to the AA genotype (DAS28: p = 0.017; CDAI: p = 0.021). Suggesting that the +874 T/A polymorphism of the IFNG gene can be considered as a marker for RA disease activity.Item O que faz a polinização ser “o menor dos mundos”? Uma análise a partir de estudos de caso(2018) Araújo, Karoline Couto; Bezerra, Elisangela Lucia de Santana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4360870964749577; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7885361436753765Plant-pollinator interaction networks express a typical structure, marked by strong connectivity, degree of dependence and its size. Modularity may also be characterized in this system, especially when it comes to specialized syndromes, involving partners with certain more specific specificities and abilities. Particularly noteworthy are poricidal flowers and vibrating bees, oil flowers and bees collecting floral oils, resin flowers and Euglossini, tubular flowers and their related pollinators, ranging from long-tailed bees or specific hummingbirds to bats and sphingids.In this way, we aim to present a brief analysis to try to portray the biological system that involves the pollinator network in a fragmented Atlantic Forest scenario. Data collection was done through a bibliographic survey based on case studies developed in the PEDI. The works were collected in the database Pergamum and Google Scholar, using theses, dissertations and scientific articles. The keywords used in the search were pollination, reproductive biology and floral biology (pollination, reproductive biology and floral biology).The following information was extracted from the works for the construction of the network: I – name of plant species, II- name of the pollinators identified in the interactions. Then, the binary matrix was applied to Program R for the creation of the network of interaction in graph form. The size of the net found in the PEDI was equal to 60 (49 species of pollinators, being bees, flies and hummingbird and 11 species of plants). The bipartite graph presented heterogeneous connectivity, most interactions were simple, where many species interacted with few partners. From the perspective of pollinators, only Phaethornis ruber made generalist interactions (4). Among the plants, the Byrsonima sericea species presented the most connections (17). The present work concluded that the interaction network presented characteristics that confirm the expected patterns for pollination networks, especially for specialized syndromes.Item Serpentes de um fragmento urbano de Mata Atlântica, Pernambuco, Brasil: estratégias para conservação e manejo(2018) Barbosa, Vanessa do Nascimento; Santos, Ednilza Maranhão dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5812920432455297; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4068400076632242There are about 219 identified species of serpents on the Atlantic Forest Biome which corresponds to 54% of the amount Brazilian species, however, information about serpents’ taxocenosis on Brazilian Northeast is still incipient. In order to plan actions for snake conservation and increase the science of natural history, the knowledge of local snake fauna, specially inside and around protected areas, is essential. Along to this science, it’s made necessary to popularize this information to the local community, since, despite their fundamental role in nature, snakes are feared by great part of human population, mentioned in several myths and beliefs and are commonly slain when sighted. Thus, this work’s objective was to catalog the serpent community of Parque Estadual de Dois Irmãos – PEDI, and also in this case the Federal Rural Pernambuco University (UFRPE), posteriorly performing educative actions with the academic community, evidenciating the importance and necessity of care with this group. The species on PEDI was inventoried for three years, between October 2014 and November 2017 in the Biodiversity Research Program (PPBIO) module and in the anthropized area through active pursuit, interception traps and occasional encounters and in UFRPE through occasional third party record, asides from phone calls and social networking, between June 2015 and May 2018, both localities are on the metropolitan region of Recife city, PE (8º00’51.86”S, 34º57’02.14”O). A total of 23 species distributed through five families were recorded to PEDI, with most diversity coming from the Dipsadidae family. PEDI's composition has been shown similar to other Atlantic Forest areas from Brazilian Northeast, however the rarefaction curve has shown that the sample efforts were enough to obtain important data of the taxocenosis. Majority of the species possesses ample geographic distribution, however two species are endemic from the northeastern Atlantic Forest, Atractus maculates Boulenger, 1894 and Dredophidion atlantica Freire, Caramaschi and Gonçalves, 2010 showing this area's relevance to these and others species' conservation. 18 species were recorded on UFRPE, with greater predominance to the Dipsadidae family. Five itinerant expositions were performed on the main departments with greater indication of serpent appearance. The amount of 1580 people distributed around students and staff participated. In the campus were found three poisonous taxon Crotalus durissus, Micrurus lemniscatus and M. ibiboboca, being the latter more abundant. Ambiental education actions must be continuous and be part of the UFRPE ophidianfauna conservation strategy.Item Fungos associados à comunidade de anfíbios anuros no Parque Estadual de Dois Irmãos, Recife-PE(2018) Silva, Priscilla Santana; Santos, Ednilza Maranhão dos; Amorim, Fabiana Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5177064974304577; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5812920432455297; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3267265100305064The Amphibia Class suffers various natural or induced threat factors, causing these species to decline in the face of habitat loss and emerging diseases by viruses, bacteria and helminths. There is also another factor that has been causing mass declines in amphibian species caused by chytridiomycosis caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. The objective of this work is to obtain a diagnosis of the methodologies used to identify pathogenic fungi such as Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis as well as to verify the occurrence of fungi associated with the anuran amphibian community in Dois Irmãos State Park, Recife, PE. The methodology consisted of data collection through bibliographical analyzes covering information on methods used to detect the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), in research bases such as the Capes, Scielo and Scorpus platform in scientific articles published in the years 2007 to 2017 ; in addition to collecting bimonthly for ten consecutive days, in the day and night shifts, from October 2015 to April 2017 at Dois Irmãos State Park, a Wet Atlantic Forest Conservation Unit located in the metropolitan region of Recife (8 ° 7 '30 "S and 34 ° 52'30" W), with an area of 1,157.74 ha, of which 14 ha is located the Zoo of Recife. The biological material was collected through sterile swabs applied to the surface of the back, belly, fingers and interdigital membranes of anurans, and this biological material is conserved at low temperatures for future microbiological analyzes. Obtaining the following results as the categorization of 8 techniques of identification of chytridiomycosis through a bibliographic review in 92 scientific articles published in 29 scientific journals, it being possible to obtain 31 types of methods to work with amphibians to obtain the final product that is the presence of the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and for the microbiological analyzes were collected biological samples of 32 individuals of anurans distributed in 10 species of anurans belonging to 4 families of anurans, of these samples it was possible to identify fungi belonging to the family Trichocomaceae with the species of Penicillium aurantiogriseum ( Dierckx), Penicillium fellutanum, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus sp. and Paecilomyces sp., in addition to the genus Tremella sp. Belonging to the Tremellaceae family. This work performs and provides conservationist knowledge to reduce anuran declines as well as to provide data with pharmacological potentials.Item Perfis comportamentais e estrutura da rede social de uma colônia cativa de Sapajus flavius (Primata ameaçado de extinção), visando sua conservação(2018) Neves, Isadora Melo das; Oliveira, Maria Adélia Borstelmann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6104426668816123; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7347635667371346The blond capuchin monkey, Sapajus flavius, is a neotropical primate rediscovered in 2006, after be considered extinct for more than 200 years. Nowadays these monkey is included in the international Red List cathegoriezed as "critically endangered" and in the national one as "threatened with extinction". The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavioral profile of each component of the reproductive colony of S. flavius at Recife Zoo (State of Pernambuco, Brazil), as well as the social interactions among them. The colony was composed by seven individuals, including an independent infant. The colony was monitored three times a week, along three to four hours a day, using the instantaneous scan (one minute for the whole group), followed by one minute for each individual. Each observational sample recorded summed eight minutes, followed by a similar time interval. We used the behaviors’ acronyms of a pre-established ethogram for the genus Sapajus, in captivity. The data analyses used the absolute frequency of behavioral record of each individual (activity budget to establish the behavioral profile) and the production of sociograms derived by sociometric matrices of affiliate and agonistic behaviors. As a result, it was observed that the individual categorization were more frequent than the other categories, which are: social affiliate, social agonistic and stereotypy. Stereotypies behaviors were seen in five of the seven animals of the colony. In terms of social interactions, affiliate were more frequent than agonistic interactions. Chances in the hierarchical structure occurred along the ontogeny development of the infant, categorized as a juvenile at the end of the research. Following the behavioral protocols of the National Action Plan for the Conservation of the Northeast Primates, five of the seventh components of the colony would be able to join population recolonization actions, since the analysis of their respective behavioral profiles evidenced a great possibility of success if released in nature.Item “O incrível mundo dos anfíbios e répteis da Mata Atlântica” ações educativas no entorno de unidades de conservação(2018) Amaral, Jéssica Monique da Silva; Santos, Ednilza Maranhão dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5812920432455297; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1830373986976646With more than 70% of its original coverage area degraded, the Atlantic Forest still has a huge biodiversity and shelter about 730 species of amphibians and repitles, however, due to advances in urbanization and tenacity of popular beliefs which incites the population's loathing towards these animals, some species are endangered. Since the protected areas are an important tool for the preservation of species, the use of educational actions is fundamental to dismystify inherited beliefs and clarify the importance of these animals to the human population being the main resource in the management plan of an UC. In this way, the objective of this work was to promote and evaluate educational actions through travelling exhibitions on public schools around three Conservation Units, Parque Estadual de Dois Irmãos (PEDI), Estação Ecológica do Caetés (ESEC-Caetés) and Refúgio de Vida Silvestre do Sistema Gurjaú (RVS Gurjaú), aiming at valuing the importance of Atlantic Forest's reptiles and amphibians, stimulating the sensitization of the human community to forests and animals. The exhibitions were performed for three consecutive years aimed at students from 7th year of elementary education to 2nd year of high school. Each exhibition had a collection of banners and communicative boards, representative forests scenery, pictures of species, interactive booklets, a written questionnaire, taxidermized and preserved animals, also had live animals. A total of 20 schools and 2,141 students participated in the actions, aged between 9 and 21 years old. The students were participative in all activities, they demystified legends and beliefs through monitor's explanations, also reported the use of reptiles and amphibians in human nourishment, through photographs showed the most common species in the area where they live, some of them relate coexistence with these animals as well as feelings such as affection, fear and curiosity. After the explanations some students showed interest in helping to conserve these animals and the biome, which was reflected in positive answers of the questionnaires, where they answered that in order to help preserve the Biome they must not kill animals, take care of the forest and raise awareness about the importance of species on their community and stated they will teach friends and parents about it in speeches such as "I'll tell my mom the forest has to be preserved", "Me and my friends, from now on, we'll be the heroes of animals". The environmental education is an essential tool for demystification, awareness and appreciation of the environment, inducing in humans the will to conserve, being a buttress for ecological balance.Item Atualização e ampliação da coleção da infraordem: Isoptera (Blattodea) do insetário do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco(2018) Oliveira, Janaina Barbosa de; Albuquerque, Auristela Correia de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4119552204089701; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5052554405281819Knowing the importance of the entomological collections for taxonomic, ecological and economically important studies, the present work aimed to expand the collection of the humid way of Infraordem Isoptera, Department of Biology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, with the purpose of favoring the development of research related to the Isoptera infraordem, due to the ecological and economic importance that termites exert in society. Through data collection, it was possible to know the most representative genus and species in the collection, as well as the environments and sites with the greatest number of species. The new species were conditioned in glass containers with a capacity of 5 ml to 10 ml, depending on the size of the specimen, containing ethanol (ethyl alcohol) at 80%. The collection currently has 43 species, distributed in 09 subfamilies and 27 genera, in a total of 80 lots. The family Termitidae is more representative with 04 subfamilies, Apicotermitinae, Syntermitinae, Nasutitermitinae and Termitinae, 19 genera and 34 species (Anoplotermes sp., A. banksi, Atlantitermes sp., Armitermes holmgreni, Amitermes amifer, A. nordestinus, Cavitermes tuberosus, Cylindrotermes sapiranga, Constrictotermes cyphergaster, Diversitermes diversimilles, Embiratermes neotenicus, E. parvirostris, Ibitermes curupira, Labiotermes labralis, Labiotermes sp., Aparatermes sp., Microcerotermes indistinctus, Nasutitermes callimorphus, N. corniger, N. ephratae, N. gaigei, Nasutitermes sp., N. kemneri, N. macrocephalus, N. jaraguae, N. obscurus, Neocapritermes opacus, Syntermes grandis, S. nanus, Velocitermes sp., Orthognatotermes sp., O. tubesauassu, Termes medioculatus, Termes sp.). Seguida pela família Kalotermitidae com 05 gêneros e 06 espécies (Tauritermes sp., Neotermes paraensis, Neotermes cf fulvescens, Cryptotermes brevis, Calcaritermes rioensis, Glyptotermes sp.) e pela família Rhinotermitidae, com 03 gêneros e 03 espécies, (Rhinotermes marginalis, Heterotermes longiceps e Coptotermes gestroi). Followed by the Kalotermitidae family with 05 genera and 06 species (Tauritermes sp., Neotermes paraensis, Neotermes cf fulvescens, Cryptotermes brevis, Calcaritermes rioensis, Glyptotermes sp.) and by the family Rhinotermitidae, with 03 genera and 03 species, (Rhinotermes marginalis, Heterotermes longiceps e Coptotermes gestroi). The Isoptera collection of UFRPE, when compared to other existing collections, is still small and has few specimens; however, it already has its share of contribution, with the development of research, as far as taxonomic, ecological and economic importance studies are concerned. Species numbers are expected to increase with new introductions, making the collection richer.Item Efeitos de um processo de engorda de praia sobre a comunidade meiofaunística da zona entre-marés da praia de Candeias (Jaboatão dos Guararapes – PE)(2018) Sena, Luiz Felipe Valença Galiza; Rocha, Clélia Márcia Cavalcanti da; Santos, Érika Cavalcante Leite dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1552807658058972; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8971495967943784; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0088518530140540Marine erosion, which is characterized by the retreat of the coastline against the sea, promotes a significant loss of habitat for organisms inhabiting the intertidal zone. At various points along the coast of Pernambuco this erosion is already perceived at moderate to severe levels,and some actions have already been carried out to contain the retreat from the beach line. Recently, a process of containment of the marine erosion in the state of Pernambuco was carried out, aiming first at the most affected areas. This action provided, along a 5.5 km stretch,the widening of the sand strip of the beaches of Barra de Jangadas, Candeias and Piedade by a beach nourishment process. The sedimentary recomposition of these beaches was made through sand dredged from the continental shelf fromadepthof13m.Thisstudyanalyzedtheecologicalsuccessionof meiofaunal organisms (from 0.044 mm to 0.5 mm in size), and the sediments inwhich they live, in the beach of Candeias (Jaboatão dos Guararapes, PE) before and after a process of beach nourishment for up to 90 days after the process.These animals have a biology adapted to the interstitial environment, and can vary according to the variation of the nature and size of the grains. The collections were performed before the beach nourishment, 1 day after, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after sediment deposition, in the infralittoral and in the intertidal zone. The material was performed in the laboratory through routine techniques for the study of meiofauna, which was identified at high taxonomic levels. This work investigated the effects of this process on the meio fauna community of the beach and its ecological succession, dueto its close relationship with the sediments and their characteristics.It was verified that immediately aftert he process of beach nourishment the sediments were modified, and also the structure of the meio fauna community that colonizes them. This has undergone several changes in its structure, both in species richness and inabundance. Statistical tests showed a tendency to stabilize or even stabilize the community structure in a pattern that is significantly similar to the meiofauna originally existing on the beach. Thus, the results point to a possibility of using meiofauna in environmental biomonitoring programs for coastal engineering actions.Item Clima atual e passado como condutor da diversidade beta funcional e filogenética de aranhas ao longo do gradiente latitudinal(2018-02-26) Soares, Gabrielle Christina Firmino; Souza, Thiago Gonçalves; Oliveira, Gustavo Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0444294877812617; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3342841776147612Climatic gradients can affect spatial and temporal distribution, as well as the morphological differentiation of organisms. The theory predicts that phylogenetically close species have larger body sizes in colder regions because of the need for heat storage; this explanation has been attributed to Bergmann's rule. However, the applicability of this rule to arthropods is still a challenge. Our objective was to test whether the spatial (over 2,000 km latitudinal gradient) and temporal (over 120,000 years) climate variability affect the phylogenetic and functional diversity of spiders. We used data from the literature (Gonçalves-Souza et al., 2014) that were collected in Restinga areas from southern Bahia to Santa Catarina in an extension of 12° 34'10 'at 27° 37'9' latitude. The functional attributes obtained were: height, length and width of the prossome and the length of the opistossoma. The phylogenetic tree was constructed from topologies at family and gender level. To test the effect of recent and past climate on functional and phylogenetic diversity, we used a Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) combined with a Distance Based Redundancy Analysis (dbRDA) with the climate being the independent variable. Our results demonstrated that phylogenetically close spiders do not share similar morphological attributes (i.e., low phylogenetic signal). In addition, we found that stability favors the occurrence of smaller spiders. The maximum temperature of the hottest month of the past was the variable that most explained the variations of the functional and phylogenetic diversity of the spiders. The variables that indicate extreme temperature values and the annual precipitation of both the recent climate and the past were those that affected the body size most strongly. In this way, we can affirm that the seasonality and climatic extremes are dictating the variation of the body size and that this also reflects in the kinship relations of the spiders. Given the global climatic variations expected over the next 50 years, our results may help to understand possible future patterns of spatial distribution of arthropods.Item Estudo da capacidade neutralizante do extrato hidroalcoólico de sementes de Stryphnodendron fissuratum Mart. (Leguminosa Mimosoideae) sobre a toxicidade da peçonha de Bothrops leucurus(2018-08-14) Silva, Renatta Priscilla Ferreira; Silva, Marliete Maria Soares da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6064066939275575; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4036416150000631Accidents involving venomous snakes represent a significant public health issue, with approximately 2.5 million cases reported annually worldwide. The conventional treatment for such accidents is the administration of antivenom serum, which effectively neutralizes tissue damage but can cause significant side effects. In search of alternatives, studies have investigated the potential of plants with antivenom properties, often used by rural workers, as a complementary or alternative option to conventional treatment. Among the studied plants, species of the genus Stryphnodendron have stood out, especially Stryphnodendron fissuratum, found exclusively in Brazil. However, phytochemical information and knowledge about its biological properties are scarce. In this context, this study evaluated the extract of S. fissuratum seeds, investigating its chemical composition, potential phytotoxic effects on seedlings, and its ability to neutralize the enzymatic activities of the venom of the snake Bothrops leucurus, one of the most common in Brazil. For the experiment, S. fissuratum seeds were dried, ground, and subjected to an extraction process using an ethanol/water solution. Subsequently, this extract was tested on lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa), which were exposed to B. leucurus venom to assess phytotoxic and neutralization effects. The results showed that venom treatment did not affect seed germination but significantly reduced seedling growth. The S. fissuratum extract, in turn, reduced the enzymatic activities of the venom, including total proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and phospholipases. In summary, the study demonstrated that the extract of S. fissuratum seeds has antivenom potential, capable of reducing the toxicity of B. leucurus venom in lettuce seedlings. Additionally, the presence of bioactive compounds in the extract was identified, which could be explored in the development of new therapies against venomous snake accidents.Item Análise da atividade larvicida de hidrazidas contendo anéis do 1,2,4-oxadiazol e estudo das alterações morfo-histológicas em larvas de Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera, Culicidae)(2018-08-15) Nascimento, Jéssica da Silva; Oliveira, Lourinalda Luiza Dantas da Silva Selva de; Navarro, Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6866049887225410; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7013867423178814The control of Aedes aegypti is now a major public health challenge because it’s responsible for important arboviruses such as: Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika and Urban Yellow Fever. In this work, we propose a study of the structure-activity relationship of 15 hydrazides against A. aegypti larvae, aiming to identify structural characteristics responsible for the larvicidal activity of the compounds. Fourth instar larvae were submitted to the compounds for 48 hours at different concentrations and then the LC50 was determined. Of the studied compounds, 9 presented considerable potential in the control of A. aegypti (LC50 <100ppm). The compound identied as HCBA presented greater larvicidal activity when compared to the others (LC50 = 20.63ppm) and aroused interest in understanding its mechanism of action. Larvae in the 4th instar were submitted to HCBA (20.63ppm), where they remained for 24 hours. The larvae that reached sublethal state were collected, xed in formoline, included in resin, sectioned, the blades stained by toluidine blue and analyzed by light microscopy. The morphohistological changes of the larvae submitted to the treatment were: high vacuolization in the cytoplasm and disorganization of the epithelium. These results demonstrate that the P-Cloro (HCBA) compound may be effective in controlling A. aegypti for promoting changes at the mesenteric level.Item Potencial imunomodulador da lectina de Canavalia brasiliensis em modelos de infecção causadas por Listeria monocytogenes(2018-08-23) Silva, Rayza Mirella Alves da; Lima Filho, José Vitor Moreira; Tavares, Lethicia Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4128808335995892; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9476972124107533; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2032024789360400Listeriosis is an infectious disease transmitted by food contaminated with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, which can cause miscarriages and miningoencephalitis in animals and humans. Antibiotics are not always effective in controlling the disease, so the use of immunotherapeutics becomes an interesting strategy to combat the disease. Conbr lectin, for example, extracted from the seeds of the Canavalia brasiliensis (Brave-Fava beans) has immunomodulatory, antimicrobial and cicatrizant activities already reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the ConBr lectin as an immunotherapeutic in the control of L. monocytogenes infection. For this, in vitro tests with culture of macrophages treated with the lectin and infected by L. monocytogenes were carried out in order to evaluate: lectin cytotoxicity (ConBr); quantify intracellular bacteria and survival of macrophages through infection. In vivo assays were also performed to investigate the influence of ConBr lectin on the clearance of L. monocytogenes from the liver and spleen and quantification of leukocytes present in the blood of experimental animals. The results showed that the lectin produced an antiinflammatory stimulus in the animals that was negative for the elimination of the L. monocytogenes bacterium, as well as reduced the total leukocyte count when compared to the control group. It was concluded that, although ConBr lectin did not contribute to the control of L. monocytogenes infection, there is potential for the control of inflammatory processes derived from systemic infections.Item Caracterização das propriedades químicas e biológicas do muco cloacal das tartarugas marinhas - Ipojuca/PE(2018-08-24) Souza, Daliana Thaisa Maria Teles de Oliveira; Santos, Ednilza Maranhão dos; Oliveira, Lourinalda Luiza Dantas da Silva Selva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5812920432455297; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4538607373477161Sea turtles are migratory animals that travel long distances and have a complex life cycle. They are bioindicators and biocontrol animals, contributing to the maintenance of the marine ecosystem. These animals exert great effort in choosing the spawning site to ensure reproductive success. Of the seven species that exist in the world, five occur in Brazil, and all are classified at some level of threat of extinction. There are many threats that turtles face in order to reach adulthood, one of which is related to marine pollution due to chemical compounds that have become an increasingly common reality for these animals. At the time of spawning the turtle releases a light-colored mucus that coats all eggs, thus avoiding the impact between one egg and another and maintaining cloaca lubrication, however the characterization of chemical properties and toxicity have not been documented. The objective of this work was to characterize the chemical properties, the toxicity of the substance and to identify the heavy metals present in the cloacal mucus of the sea turtles. From August 2017 to October 2018, manual collection of cloacal mucus was performed, which took place immediately after spawning, with the aid of a 15 ml falcon tube positioned below the cloaca. Ten females were sampled, nine from Eretmochelys imbricata and one from Chelonia mydas, in the coast of Ipojuca / PE. These had a physical chemical aspect with turbidity in some samples, their pH ranged from 8.58 to 9.28 with a tendency to be alkaline, through the mortality numbers of Artemias salina nauplii the mucus showed a variation in its toxicity of very Toxic to slightly toxic, the amount of protein varied in the samples in concentrations from 0.27 mg to 5.17 mg, for heavy metals the highest concentrations were for Aluminum (35.5 mg / L), followed by Iron (28 , 7 mg / L) and Copper with (26.9 mg / L) besides these were also analyzed Manganese (16.1 mg / L), Lead (15.7 mg / L), Nickel (14 mg / L), Cadmium (13.5 mg / L) and Chromium (12.1 mg / L). The analysis showed that mucus is a good biological material for toxicity analysis and metal identification, however there is much to characterize in its chemical composition, requiring the continuity of this work to monitor the animals, as well as to evaluate space-seasonal issues of these metals. Mucus may be a good predictor of animal and environmental health.
