TCC - Bacharelado em Ciências Econômicas (Sede)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/418
Navegar
14 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Indicadores do mercado de trabalho do Brasil e do Nordeste entre 2019.1 - 2023.2(2024-03-08) Aquino, Jadson Douglas da Cruz; Abreu, Eliane Aparecida Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3101422198167935In 2019, northeastern labor market indicators revealed a disparity in relation to Brazil, according to (Aquino; Nascimento, 2020) despite the Northeast Region representing only 23.5% of the Economically Active Population (EAP); This region was home to 40% of underemployed workers and approximately 61% of the unemployed in the country. At the beginning of 2020, restrictive measures were imposed in the country as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic; Such measures generated transformations in the job market in Brazil and the Northeast. As in the period before the pandemic, the Northeast Region had worse labor market indicators in relation to the Brazilian economy and the pandemic impacted the dynamics of the labor market in all regions, this study aims to verify the effects of the Covid pandemic- 19 on labor market indicators in the Northeast compared to Brazil. The methodology begins with a bibliographic review on the history of economic development in the Northeast, providing an understanding of how this influenced the regional job market. Secondly, an exploratory and descriptive analysis is carried out, using data from IBGE's Continuous PNAD, covering the period from the first quarter of 2019 to the second quarter of 2023. The results indicate that the job market in the Northeast was most affected due to the initial shock resulting from the pandemic compared to the national average.Item Terceirização e precarização do trabalho em Pernambuco: uma análise das condições de trabalho de atividades terceirizáveis entre 2014 e 2019(2023-09-05) Moura, Marcelo Henrique Barbosa de; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607Outsourcing is a phenomenon that has been widely debated in Brazil, both in academic circles and in political and social contexts. Critics of outsourcing argue that it can bring disadvantages to the labor system by somehow contributing to labor precariousness, the loss of labor rights, as well as an increase in workplace accidents and occupational diseases. They also question the legality and morality of outsourcing core activities, which may constitute a way to circumvent employment relationships and labor obligations. This monograph aims to investigate the relationship between outsourcing and labor precariousness in Pernambuco, considering the hypothesis that outsourcing can harm jobs and weaken them. To do so, a methodology of bibliographic analysis and secondary data was used, allowing for a historical and theoretical overview of outsourcing in Brazil and worldwide, as well as an empirical analysis of occupations and activities that are typically outsourced, the occupational and salary profile of outsourced workers, and the situation of work absences due to accidents or illnesses. It was found that for workers engaged in activities with a higher likelihood of outsourcing, the outsourcing process appear to have brought disadvantages such as labor conditions precariousness and may have contributed in some way to wage inequality, in addition to indicating greater exposure to instability and insecurity for workers engaged in those activities.Item O efeito dos programas de transferência de renda na economia dos municípios pernambucanos: uma análise para o período 2006-2014(2023-05-03) Pereira, Mizael da Silva; Souto, Keynis Cândido de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0393274407907348; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0220927675452410In 2004, the “Bolsa Família” program was launched in Brazil, which, together with the “Benefício de Prestação Continuada [1993]”, represent the main Brazilian income transfer programs. From the 2000s, these programs were the subject of relevant research productions that sought to assess their impacts on various dimensions of the lives of families, individuals benefited, and the economy as a whole (national and city). The investigation of the relationship between these two programs and the formal labor market, family income, and the income of the municipalities of Pernambuco constitute the main objective of this work.. Using the panel data methodology, where individuals were the 185 municipalities of Pernambuco, observed in the period from 2006 to 2014, three equations were estimated with the objective of testing the hypothesis of the association of income transfer programs with employment, family income and the GDP of municipalities. The results indicate a positive effect of the PBF on the variables employment, household income, and municipal GDP, but the BPC, when considering the number of beneficiaries, has an effect only on household income.Item Mulheres no mercado de trabalho: uma análise regional dos efeitos da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre a desigualdade de gênero no Brasil(2022-02-17) Amorim, Anna Beatriz Borges de; Souza, Poema Isis Andrade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2017359154121135; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1955792793217694This monograph has as its object of study the labor market, which, historically, is marked by gender inequality in labor relations. Associated with this is the territorial extension and cultural diversity of Brazil, which results in different scenarios of gender inequality in the labor market of the same country. Through an exploratory analysis of secondary data from the Quarterly Continuous PNAD, we sought to analyze what the possible effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on women in the labor market, from 2020 to 2022, in order to understand the pre- and post-pandemic scenarios. For this, some variables were used: the unemployment rate, the reason why individuals did not look for work, the amount of hours actually worked, the individual's position in the occupation, among others. The results show that women were more vulnerable to the pandemic as they had a greater participation in the unemployment rate during this period. The relevance of this monograph is in showing the fragility of the Brazilian labor market by region and by gender, and how periods of crisis can demonstrate this volatility by increasing social differences.Item Relação entre atividades terceirizáveis, precarização, saúde e segurança no trabalho na região Nordeste do Brasil(2021-02-23) Gomes, Júlia Leti da Silva; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9190493295244528The outsourcing of work in Brazil is developing during many discussions from various theoretical assumptions. Because of this, we question what potential relationships can exist between outsourcing and the health and safety of workers in Northeastern Brazil. Starting from the hypothesis that outsourcing can directly influence the worker's quality of life, it becomes relevant how this occurs. Therefore, this work seeks to analyze whether outsourced workers face worse labor health and safety conditions in the Northeast. The methodology is a survey of bibliographical material and an analysis of secondary data. Observes that the outsourcing process has a gradual increase in admissions in environments/activities not previously explored by the process, but there has also been an increase in dismissals among outsourced. These two aspects result in the rise of employee turnover and the low permanence of the same in their positions. These characteristics bring to the psychological elements negative feelings that can result in labor pathologies. Accidents at work in the outsourced population are higher than in the non-outsourced population. Psychological pathologies, which make the employee unhealthy and unviable, must also be considered making the consequences for society as a whole even bigger. It is also noted that in the northeastern labor market the outsourcing process seems to reinforce signs of job precariousness and the worker who is absorbed into these parameters does not have the same favoritism and recognition as an employee hired directly by the company or institution.Item Alteração na política de concessão do seguro-desemprego e taxa de rotatividade no mercado de trabalho(2022-05-30) Montenegro Junior, José Luciano Rocha; Souto, Keynis Cândido de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0393274407907348; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9886199268863825The turnover rate is understood as the rate of dismissal of workers in companies, this situation occurs with the dismissal of the worker. In this condition of dispensation, Brazil has implemented, since 1986, a benefit called unemployment insurance, which is intended to ensure the worker a financial support for a period. However, access to this benefit was modified by Law nº 13.134 of 2015. Thus, this work aims to analyze changes in the turnover rate that occurred due to the legal change, which changed the rules of unemployment insurance. The analysis was made considering two periods, the first from 2010 to 2015, before the Law and, the second corresponds 2016 to 2019, relative to the period after the change. For the calculation of the Turnover Rate (RT), two methodologies were used, the proposal by Orellano and Pazello (2006) and that of Filho and Santos (2013). The results of the research allow us to conclude that after the new legislation, turnover rates fell, both in Brazil and in the State of Pernambuco.Item Diferenciação salarial entre imigrantes e brasileiros no mercado de trabalho formal de São Paulo - 2015 e 2019(2021-12-17) Santos, Bruna Marianne Viana dos; Abreu, Eliane Aparecida Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3101422198167935; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3550791525927064Immigration is a frequent and ancient phenomenon in the history of civilizations. Motivated by different reasons, depending on the conditions in each region, it can be justified by economic, political, cultural and environmental issues. Highly related to the globalized reality of the modern world, it contributes to a cultural and economic exchange that is increasingly intrinsic to the present. In Brazil, the population of immigrants received is concentrated mainly in the state of São Paulo. This preference is directly linked to the professional and career opportunities available in this region, as well as to its historical context of allocation of foreign peoples. From this context, this study intends to analyze the wage differential between the immigrant and Brazilian population inserted on the formal labor market in the state of São Paulo between 2015 and 2019. For this, the work will use data from the unidentified RAIS, which has information on individual characteristics and professional qualification of workers inserted in the formal market across the country. In addition, a second harmonized base was used, with additional information taken from RAIS, CAGED and CTPS. An extra data source was chosen because it contains additional information about the immigrant population, such as the continent of origin or individual migratory status. The methodology has a descriptive analysis, which observe individual characteristics and those related to human capital between the two groups, and the Blinder-Oaxaca (1973) decomposition. The results suggest that, in both cases, the groups are young and mostly male. As for race, the average percentage of whites is higher among the Brazilian population when compared to foreigners. In addition, the migrant group appears to be more qualified and have the highest income records and fewer weekly hours worked. As for the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, immigrants have different indicators than expected according to the theoretical foundation. In the two years observed, 2015 and 2019, the immigrant group showed a positive wage differential compared to the Brazilian population.Item Uma análise dos efeitos da crise econômico-sanitária sobre o mercado de trabalho do Brasil e de Pernambuco sob a perspectiva de gênero(2022-06-01) Veras, Beatriz Naira de Macedo; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2693334369580995In the last two years, the whole world has experienced the corona virus pandemic that has affected the economy of several countries, including Brazil. Due to policies to combat the corona virus, such as social isolation and closure of productive activity, the job market was directly affected. The objective of this study is to analyze the indicators that demonstrate the vulnerability of the market from the comparison of conditions between males and females at the national level and in the state of Pernambuco. The analyzes are methodologically based on data from the Continuous PNAD, from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and address the behavior and evolution of indicators such as: unemployed and underemployed due to insufficient hours worked, potential workforce, discouragement, expanded workforce , unemployment rate and combined unemployment rate and potential workforce from the first quarter of 2021 to the fourth quarter of 2021, making it possible to compare the levels of the indicators before the advent of the pandemic and after the peak period. The results indicate that despite the recovery of the labor market, there is an inequality in terms of filling this market by men in relation to women, evidencing the precariousness of work for women both in the quarters before the peak of the corona virus crisis and in the later ones.Item A relação de gênero e renda no Brasil - 2019(2022-06-06) Santos, Ariane Riena; Abreu, Eliane Aparecida Pereira deThe present work aims to present a study on the relationship of gender and income in Brazil in the year 2019, through economic theories and descriptive and econometric analyses. Data were extracted from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) of the year 2019, factors such as: sex, age, education and years of experience of workers in the labor market were raised to assess and identify gender discrimination in the market. of Brazilian work in the period under analysis. After performing the descriptive analysis, the econometric estimate was carried out using the method of ordinary least squares (OLS), for which the dependent variable income was used and the explanatory variables classified by productive characteristics such as: education, years of experience and accumulation of capital; and non-productive characteristics such as gender and race. As a result, it was found that there is gender inequality between men and women, where color also contributes to the increase in gender discrimination.Item Discriminação no mercado de trabalho brasileiro: uma análise comparativa entre o Nordeste e o Sudeste para o ano de 2018(2019) Silva, Rony Ramos Cavalcanti da; Souto, Keynis Cândido de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0393274407907348; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0005660374231865The equality between people is a central theme for society and has been a constant theme of debates andstudies in order to make lifein society more equitable.Among the forums in which this topic has benrelevant, is the labor market. Since Becker (1957) established a microeconomic foundation, the study of discrimination has played an important role in the labor economy. This study aims to identify discrimination in the formal labor market by sex and race in the northeast and southeast in the year 2018.Using the data of the continuous PNAD and methodology OLS,the individual wage equations were estimated and, from these estimates, was carried out the decomposition of Oaxaca. The results point to evidence of wage discrimination for women and non-white people, as well as for stronger discrimination when it comes to non-white women.In addition, also point out that discrimination in the Southeast is more intense than in the Northeast.