TCC - Bacharelado em Ciências Econômicas (Sede)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/418
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Item A viabilidade econômica e os impactos socioeconômicos da expansão da energia solar no Brasil(2025-03-21) Melo, Davi Roberto de; Carneiro, Ana Cristina Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7641686662966528Um dos maiores desafios enfrentados pela humanidade nos últimos anos é a busca por fontes de energia renováveis, que se torna cada vez mais urgente à medida que os impactos do efeito estufa se intensificam. A utilização de energia limpa e gratuita, fornecida pelo sol é algo bastante promissor, para resolver esse problema. Com objetivo de equilibrar e resgatar o nosso meio ambiente de forma emergencial, assim, as perguntas sobre viabilidade econômica e os impactos sociais da expansão desta fonte de energia veem à tona. Como primeira hipótese consideramos que, mesmo com investimento inicial, a energia solar proporciona retorno positivo, se pagando e reduzindo gastos com eletricidade, ao longo do tempo, além de gerar empregos e impulsionando o desenvolvimento regional. Para essa verificação, a pesquisa se baseia na revisão de literatura incluindo também estudos sobre programas governamentais, custos e impactos socioeconômicos. Os resultados demonstram que o investimento em energia solar não apenas se mostra viável financeiramente, mas também pode contribuir para o crescimento do país, fazendo com que seja sustentável e inclusivo, beneficiando tanto consumidores quanto a economia.Item Abordagem comportamental da pobreza(2020-11-05) Verçosa Filho, José Roberto de Souza; Maia Filho, Luiz Flávio Arreguy; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2508376486299377The scarcity of resources, including cognitive, information and self-control, is an object of fundamental study in economic theory, because, without scarcity, there is no need for such a theory. Poverty is one of the problems that involves different types of scarcity and is present both in the daily lives of Brazilians here, as well as in the whole world; it is a problem that has existed for thousands of years and remains without an effective solution. The theoretical framework of behavioral theory can help tackle this problem by helping policy makers to design effective programs and policies to combat poverty, as well as better understanding of behavior and the way people in poverty to make their decisions. In this work, a review of the economic behavioral literature will be made where the concepts and programs that are, in some way, related to the fight against poverty will be rescued and brought together. Showing that the use of behavioral insights in the design of policies that address poverty can result in more efficient programs.Item Alteração na política de concessão do seguro-desemprego e taxa de rotatividade no mercado de trabalho(2022-05-30) Montenegro Junior, José Luciano Rocha; Souto, Keynis Cândido de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0393274407907348; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9886199268863825The turnover rate is understood as the rate of dismissal of workers in companies, this situation occurs with the dismissal of the worker. In this condition of dispensation, Brazil has implemented, since 1986, a benefit called unemployment insurance, which is intended to ensure the worker a financial support for a period. However, access to this benefit was modified by Law nº 13.134 of 2015. Thus, this work aims to analyze changes in the turnover rate that occurred due to the legal change, which changed the rules of unemployment insurance. The analysis was made considering two periods, the first from 2010 to 2015, before the Law and, the second corresponds 2016 to 2019, relative to the period after the change. For the calculation of the Turnover Rate (RT), two methodologies were used, the proposal by Orellano and Pazello (2006) and that of Filho and Santos (2013). The results of the research allow us to conclude that after the new legislation, turnover rates fell, both in Brazil and in the State of Pernambuco.Item Análise da efetividade das medidas protetivas de urgência como política de enfrentamento à violência contra as mulheres em Pernambuco(2024-10-08) Almeida, Rejane Barbosa de; Oliveira, Isabel Cristina Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4745142041015422Urgent Protective Measures (MPU) are part of the policies adopted by the Government as a means of confronting violence against women. This study offers an analysis of the scenario of violence against women in Pernambuco in relation to Urgent Protective Measures and the impacts generated by the application of such measures. It presents an understanding of the recognition of violence against women, the implementation of Policies to Confront this type of violence and the numbers of this social problem in the State in the period from 2018 to 2023. The methodology used to prepare this study is documentary bibliography, through bibliographic review, documentary analysis, data collection and comparative analysis. Data obtained through the statistical panels of the National Council of Justice (CNJ) and the Portal of the Secretariat of Social Defense of the State of Pernambuco (SDS/PE) were used as a basis for a comparative analysis of the relationship between the number of Urgent Protective Measures and the number of occurrences of violence against women registered in subsequent years. After the analysis, it was concluded that, as a means of confronting violence against women, the MPUs are not effective, especially those that force aggressors to stay away from their victims, because they do not guarantee the aggressors' distance and, consequently, do not guarantee the women they assist that they will not be victimized by their aggressors again. Women are guaranteed the necessary assistance as victims, but the results show the need to implement stricter laws for aggressors, as well as measures that allow effective monitoring of cases that come to the attention of the government, such as through real-time monitoring of victims and aggressors, through portable monitoring devices, which would require greater investment by the Government for its implementation, but which can be considered an effective means of confronting violence against women.Item Análise da eficiência do mercado futuro e spot de milho no contexto regional dos anos de 2018 a 2022: os casos de São Paulo, Pernambuco e Bahia(2024-02-20) Silva, Marcos Vinicius Neri da; Melo, André de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8808755622712441; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6505040676007325This study analyzed the efficiency of the corn futures market in the states of Bahia, Pernambuco, and São Paulo from 2018 to 2022, highlighting the significance of corn in the national economy, both in the domestic market and in exports. Employing the Engle-Granger cointegration test and the ECM model, the research focused on the time series of future contracts and spot prices in Bahia, Pernambuco, and São Paulo. The aim was to ascertain whether the futures market reflects reality and accurately predicts prices in these regions, in accordance with Eugene Fama's Efficient Market Hypothesis (1970). The findings indicated that future prices are effective in predicting spot prices, demonstrating that, despite some short-term adherence limitations, the futures market serves as a reliable predictor in the context of corn trading in these locations.Item Análise da eficiência dos serviços educacionais nos municípios do estado de Pernambuco(2022-05-30) Oliveira, Maurício Francisco de; Melo, André de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8808755622712441; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9211127982002673Education is a natural process of the action of individuals in search of the creation and accumulation of knowledge that enables the development of the whole society. For individuals to increase human capital, private and public investment is needed. However, it is necessary to assess the result obtained with this investment. Thus, the objective of this work is to verify the current efficiency in the provision of educational services within the state of Pernambuco. In addition, verify which are the main variables considered that affect educational performance. For this, the methodology was based on two complementary techniques: Data Envelopment Analysis, to examine the relationship between the educational performance of elementary school students in relation to the resources used and the TOBIT model to verify the variables that influence the efficiency of public spending of elementary education in the municipalities of Pernambuco. Initial results indicate that efficiency is not related to increased spending per student. A higher level of average monthly income of those responsible for permanent private households does not have a positive correlation with education. According to the analysis of the variables of the Tobit regression model, the IDHM showed that it has an inverse correlation with efficiency, the lower the IDHM, the greater the efficiency scale of a DMU in which municipalities in poor regions have high efficiency scores. Population density had a positive correlation with efficiency. The results demonstrate that the transfer of FUNDEB resources to the municipalities in the state of Pernambuco requires other socioeconomic variables to explain the impact on efficiency. The fact that the methodology does not take into account the different technologies used in each Municipality stands out as limitations. Likewise, the research only uses a small number of variables within the diversity of factors that interfere in education.Item Análise da recuperação de materiais recicláveis: uma aplicação do Propensity Score Matching na base de dados do SNIS(2023-09-14) Silva, Vicente Henrique da Costa; Araújo, Chiara Natércia França; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7273384016233113; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6905236621140933This undergraduate thesis aims to assess the impact of the implementation of Muni-cipal Integrated Solid Waste Management Plans (PMGIRS), as stipulated in Law No. 12,305/2010 - the National Solid Waste Policy. The central methodological approach utilizes the concept of Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to explore the causal effect of the presence of PMGIRS on the Recycling Material Recovery Rate. Additionally, the research incorporates the use of k-means clustering with the aim of better cha-racterizing and classifying the analyzed sample. This allows for the identification of natural data clusters and a deeper understanding of different potentials for solid was-te management in distinct municipalities. PSM is employed to create comparable groups of municipalities with and without PMGIRS, balancing observable characteris-tics and controlling for potential selection biases. The results obtained from this me-thodology will contribute to a well-founded and objective analysis of the impact of PMGIRS on municipal solid waste management. Combining PSM with clustering will enhance the analysis, enabling a more comprehensive characterization and precise classification of the studied sample.Item Análise das disparidades nos indicadores educacionais municipais de Pernambuco: uma análise de aglomerados(2019) Silva, Joed Freire Pereira da; Soares, Ana Paula Amazonas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0216127558312955This paperis an exploratory and analytical studyabout educational indicatorsdisparities and the introduction of socioeconomic indicators, both models formunicipalities of the State Pernambuco, Brazil. The objective is to verify the distribution of the indicators in the territoryof Pernambuco, linking them togeographical space, and then introducing the socioeconomic indicators. Therefore, the changes could be pointing out the municipalities that need more attention and, in addition, to identify the formation of groups with similar characteristics. For this, the technique known ascluster analysis was used. With Ward Distance Agglomerative Hierarchical Process three estimates were made introducing new information gradually and verifying the formation dynamics of the groups. The technique clearly identified the regional distributionof learning and quality of life indicators in the state. The results showed that income does not fully explain the best learning outcomes. Similarly, resources redistributed to education through FUNDEB were not sufficient to determine better educational indicators. Regarding the clusters, it was observed that although the formation of groups of municipalities that are homogeneous and spatially neighboring occurs, similarity also occurs regardless of proximity. Finally, we tried to highlight some limitations of the technique used.Item Análise de viabilidade econômico-financeira: um estudo de caso para a Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo(2022-10-14) Carvalho, Bárbara Vieira; Xavier, Leonardo Ferraz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6143161358329055This study sought to determine the fair value of Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP, comparatively to the pre- and postpandemic period of COVID-19 (2019-2021), as well as the impacts caused on the value of the company in this period. For this, a Valuation analysis was developed, using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method. The results obtained revealed a tendency of maintenance of the company's operational margins, in the postpandemic period there was an extreme penalization of the equity value. Such unexpected change may impact the profile of its investors, as well as encourage a reassessment of market expectations regarding its balance. A new analysis is suggested a posteriori, considering a more advanced base date in relation to the pandemic, to verify if there will be significant impacts in the future or if it will be able to recover its market value over the next few yearsItem Análise dos acidentes de trabalho no setor da construção no Brasil - 2010 a 2019(2024-02-27) Lima, Victor Hugo Silva de; Abreu, Eliane Aparecida Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3101422198167935; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2650245925207872The construction sector is one of the segments that records the highest number of work accidents in Brazil. Accidents in this industry are characterized by being more serious and fatal, leading to permanent disabilities and worker fatalities. These events have a high cost for both the companies involved and for society. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to carry out an analysis of the costs of work accidents and their economic implications in the construction sector, emphasizing the relevance of implementing preventive measures of occupational safety in the sector. For this, information provided by the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE), Ministry of Social Security (MPS) and the Brazilian Chamber of the Construction Industry (CBIC) was collected, considering the period from 2010 to 2019, carrying out a descriptive analysis of these data and estimating the costs of accidents for the construction sector. In the examined period, there were 382,685 work accidents in the Construction sector, involving workers insured by Social Security. From the analysis of the data, it was observed that these accidents are of typical nature, presenting a drastic decline in the indicator of total work incidence in 2013 to 2015, however with the proportional accident rate in the age group of 16 to 34 unstable, sometimes increasing, sometimes decreasing. Regarding the lethality of accidents, growths were verified throughout the series and above the national rate, but the mortality indicator declining over time. Considering the expenses with accidents, the accident benefits granted by INSS totaled approximately 4.2 billion reais, with an annual average of 423 million reais. Already in the private sector, the private costs of work accidents were estimated at 2.1 billion reais, equivalent to an annual average of 212 million reais. The charges from work accidents to companies represent only a fraction of the total costs imposed on society. In this context, there is room for more comprehensive interventions by public authorities such as inspections, implementation of legislation, informative safety campaigns, among other actions, aiming to reduce the occurrence of work accidents and their repercussions. It is worth noting that these data only include work accidents involving formal workers with registration in INSS, disregarding the informal side and possible underreporting, which leads to the belief that the number of accidents may be greater than those disclosed by Social Security.Item Uma análise dos efeitos da corrupção sobre os indicadores de Desenvolvimento econômico dos países do BRICS(2019) Souza, Vitória Monteiro Paz; Souza, Poema Isis Andrade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2017359154121135; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4089472743909769The main focus of this work is to explore the relationship between corruption and economic development in the countries that make up the BRICS group, using exploratory analysis of secondary data. For this purpose, we sought to verify the correlation between the GDP, the HDI and the level of corruption; the latter obtained from two indexes: the Worldwide Governance Index and the Corruption Perceptions Index, built by Transparency International. In this way, a comparative analysis was carried out that followed the evolution of the mentioned indexes of corruption, GDP and HDI of each country object of this study. In addition, fundamental factors for good governance were found; still assured by IT studies and research, possibilities of correlation between types of government regimes and the level of corruption were identified. Finally, the results were analyzed, followed by a brief discussion about the theme of this work, concluding that the evidences suggests that there is interference of the level of corruption in the indices of human development and economic growth in BRICS countries.Item Uma análise dos efeitos da crise econômico-sanitária sobre o mercado de trabalho do Brasil e de Pernambuco sob a perspectiva de gênero(2022-06-01) Veras, Beatriz Naira de Macedo; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2693334369580995In the last two years, the whole world has experienced the corona virus pandemic that has affected the economy of several countries, including Brazil. Due to policies to combat the corona virus, such as social isolation and closure of productive activity, the job market was directly affected. The objective of this study is to analyze the indicators that demonstrate the vulnerability of the market from the comparison of conditions between males and females at the national level and in the state of Pernambuco. The analyzes are methodologically based on data from the Continuous PNAD, from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and address the behavior and evolution of indicators such as: unemployed and underemployed due to insufficient hours worked, potential workforce, discouragement, expanded workforce , unemployment rate and combined unemployment rate and potential workforce from the first quarter of 2021 to the fourth quarter of 2021, making it possible to compare the levels of the indicators before the advent of the pandemic and after the peak period. The results indicate that despite the recovery of the labor market, there is an inequality in terms of filling this market by men in relation to women, evidencing the precariousness of work for women both in the quarters before the peak of the corona virus crisis and in the later ones.Item Análise dos fatores determinantes da competitividade empresarial: um estudo de caso no setor de polpas de frutas no estado de Pernambuco(2021-07-23) Prado, Jéssica Santana; Silva Filho, Guerino Edécio da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2977795200183918Faced with a growing business competitiveness in the fruit pulp business, analyzing the competitive forces that govern the dynamics of the economic segment helps to understand the how the market works, which contributes to the establishment of more efficient business strategies, as well as providing subsidies for the elaboration of public policies directed to the sector. The main idea of the work is to analyze the determining factors of competitiveness of competing companies through a research composed of three complementary parts: bibliographical research; research based on secondary data and field research, with a survey of primary data carried out through a questionnaire answered by companies and suppliers in the sector. Thus, the analysis mainly sought to understand the following aspects highlighted in the model proposed by Michael Porter: Degree of rivalries among competitors; on incoming threats and their barriers to entry; how substitute products can threaten the pulp business; what is the bargaining power of consumers; and on the bargaining power of buyers. With this, it is possible to analyze the main competitive aspects of the pulp market. With this analysis of the market, it is possible to conclude the degree of attractiveness of the segment for new investments, a condition for the future expansion of the segment, that is, on its potential capacity to generate employment, income and additional taxes.Item Análise econômica do setor sucroalcooleiro de Pernambuco e São Paulo entre 1990 e 2018(2019) Jucá, Bruno Chaves; Silva Filho, Guerino Edécio da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2977795200183918This paper is a result of a comparative study of annual field productivies (tons/hectare) of sugarcane plantations in the Brazilian states of Pernambuco and São Paulo, andthusidentifying what micro and macroeconomic variables affect these yields. For the present study, the statistical analyses, the interstate gap of productivity and identification ofthevariables responsible for the differences between these states, were the main scope of this study. The genesis of competition between the main producing states of sugarcane in Brazil, Pernambuco and São Paulo, was historically contextualized and how this process developed until the present time and what are the main problems seen by the NewInstitutionalEconomics. Additionally, the consequences of the influence of interventionist policies of the Brazilian government in this process was identified. A holistic diagnosis was presented that can serve the sugar cane sector of Pernambuco that allows for accuracy in the mitigation of the causes of deficiency of rural productivity, detailing the variables that cause productivity gaps.Item Análise econômica no mercado de imóveis do Recife em meio à pandemia(2022-05-26) Cabral, Ygor Eduardo da Silva; Kehrle, Luiz Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3665967394288808The present study analyzed the real estate market in Recife, comparing the sales index before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The real estate market is responsible for the development of urban space in cities, generating a better quality of life for society, in addition to providing growth in the local and regional economy, as a large volume of employment is generated directly and indirectly. The main objective of the work is to report the effects of the pandemic on the real estate market in several Brazilian cities comparing them with the real estate market in the city of Recife. It is therefore proposed to present the economic scenario by studying the behavior of the real estate market in the face of the pandemic crisis in the years 2020 and 2021 that impacted several areas in economic terms. The city of Recife found a positive sales speed index when compared to other cities, surpassing years prior to the pandemic. With this, the study is relevant for the presentation of information, in addition to contributing to the academic environment through its contextualization on the theme, adding or reinforcing the existing knowledge in the literature on the effects of Covid-19.Item Uma análise exploratória de dados espaciais para criminalidade violenta no estado de Pernambuco(2021-12-15) Silva, Thalia Ariely Marques; Araújo, Chiara Natércia França; Silva, Diego Firmino Costa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8895265465747877; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7273384016233113This study aims to identify spatial patterns in violent crime rates in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, based on the Economic Theory of Crime. Through the application of the rates of CVLI (Lethal and Intentional Violent Crime) and CVP (Violent Crime against Property), which represent the rates of homicide and robbery, in the period from 2014 to 2020, as variables of interest. For this proposal, the AEDE (Spatial Data Exploration Analysis) methodology was used, with the intention of testing spatial autocorrelation and identifying spatial clusters. With this, spatial clusters were identified, for both variables, in the mesoregions: Sertão, Agreste and RMR (Metropolitan Region of Recife). In addition, it was verified the rupture of the pattern of behavior in the year 2020 in different ways for each variable under study, as a possible effect of the covid-19 pandemic. It was also noted a possibility of future study regarding the increment of the income variable with the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita of each municipality, by performing a spatial analysis with bivariate Local Moran's I, which resulted in low autocorrelation.Item Análise fundamentalista e técnica: a importância do analista e do progresso tecnológico no processo de análise de investimentos(2019) Silva, Diego de Oliveira; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607This paper explores fundamentalist and technical analysis and the importance of the analyst and technological progress in the investiment analysis process, given the importance of the financial market in the process of optimal allocation of resources in the economy. To do this, through a bibliographic research, based on a narrative and integrative review, a descriptive analysis of the main aspects of each one of the investment analysis techniques was carried out. With emphasis, from the perspective of fundamentalist analysis, the analysis of economic scenario and the importance of accounting information, and from perspective of technical analysis, the main graphs and indicators and the importance of technology. In addition, the analyst's relevant role and technological progress were explained as significant factors for sucess in the successful implementation of techniques in investiment analysis. A brief approach has also been made regarding artificial intelligence and the advent of robot investor technology and how such technology has revolutionized the way we operate in the market and contributed to the effectiveness of the techniques. The discussion showed that balance and complementarity are the key to sucess in implementing investiment analysis methodologies, as well as the analyst and technology mutually contribute to optimizing the results achieved.Item Análise regional das diferenças nas notas do ENEM entre as escolas públicas e privadas no pós-pandemia(2024-03-05) Costa, Jackson Antônio; Souza, Poema Isis Andrade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2017359154121135; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9376127966328375The ENEM (National High School Exam), created in 1998, is the main means of access to higher education in Brazil, providing access to programs such as SISU (Unified Selection System), PROUNI (University for All Program) and FIES (Student Financing Fund). Therefore, this study aims to understand the factors that influence the ENEM scores of candidates, analyzing two databases (2019 and 2022) to examine the variations in scores in the period before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and, consequently, the disparities between the Southeast and Northeast regions of Brazil. At first, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model was estimated with the proposition of analyzing the correlation of the scores obtained by the candidate with the school of origin, using socioeconomic variables as control variables. It is important to consider the bias of the school’s origin and the socioeconomic profile of the students, as students from private schools tend to have better grades. To mitigate this bias, the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method was used, which is a valuable tool when the intention is to control selection biases. The results found reveal a discrepancy between the years 2019 and 2022, demonstrating an intensification of regional distortions in education, with better grade yields for students from private schools in the post-COVID-19 pandemic in the Southeast region.Item Ancoragem de preço: uma investigação econômico-comportamental sobre efeito ancoragem no uso do aplicativo menor preço em Pernambuco(2019) Silva, Gabriel Fernando Candido da; Maia Filho, Luiz Flávio Arreguy; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2508376486299377; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5814642766143449Item Ascensão dos investidores pessoa física na bolsa de valores: uma análise descritiva do perfil do investidor e previsão utilizando a metodologia ARIMA(2021-07-21) Simão Júnior, Jaime José; Carazza, Luís Eduardo Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1625397086677760This paper aims to study and understand the rise of new investors in the stock exchange, as well as to draw a detailed profile of the characteristics of this part of the population interested in income investments variable and perform a forecast using the Arima methodology. To achieve this objective, data was collected on minority investors directly from B3 - Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão, which is the company responsible for the stock exchange in Brazil. In this way, characteristics such as region, gender, age group were analyzed to draw a profile about the shareholders. In recent years, there has been a large increase in new investors that invest their resources in stocks and other related investments. Of Form, it's necessary to investigate whether such rise's structural and permanent or are only a consequence of A passing movement that will break down at some future time. A Forecasting methodology Arima will try to answer this question with a forecast for the first months of 2021, to identify whether this upward movement is maintained for those months. However, some Limitations in the forecast will be highlighted.