01. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE (Sede)
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/1
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Item Análise de mecanismos de resistência em bactérias clínicas oriundas de hospitais de Pernambuco(2021-02-17) Silva, Jonas de Melo Silvestre da; Almeida, Anna Carolina Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4891800920829895; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9044602995334190The spread of resistant bacteria or superbugs has been considered a catastrophic threat to the health of the population and represents one of the main challenges in the area of health worldwide. This work's main objective is to identify genetic and molecular determinants, resistance mechanisms, and the clonal relationship between twenty-two isolates obtained from two hospitals in Pernambuco. Isolates of: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella ozaenae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter spp were included, all of which showed a phenotypic profile of multidrug resistance (MDR). Isolates from the University Hospital of the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco had a higher resistance profile compared to isolates from the University Hospital Oswaldo Cruz located in Recife, mainly to aminoglycosides and 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, it was possible to detect at least one of the B-lactam resistance genes tested in all isolates, except for 2 isolates that did not present any of the genes evaluated. The blaCTX-M gene was the most prevalent found in this study. And despite half of the samples having a resistance profile to carbapenems, the blaKPC gene was the least detected. In addition, clonal relationship analysis using the REP-PCR technique revealed a possible endemicity of a single clonal type in the Intensive Care Unit at Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz located in Recife. At the University Hospital of the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, the establishment of two clonal groups that have been disseminated for at least 3 months was identified. The presence of multiresistant bacteria in hospital units reinforces the need for strategies to contain infections and spread these pathogens, especially in ICUs.Item Análise de mecanismos de resistência a polimixina em isolados de Klebsiella pneumoniae(2021-12-17) Andrade, Rauana Lins de; Almeida, Anna Carolina Soares; Santos, Bárbara Nazly Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4795529090461229; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4891800920829895; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8836137133949593Infections for Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-producing have been a public health problem leading to increased patient morbidity and mortality, which has led to the reintroduction of a previously discontinued antimicrobial for human use, polymyxins. The raise in resistance to polymyxins has made treatment even more difficult, which is worrying due to the high worldwide dissemination of these strains.This study aimed to perform a genetic analysis of two-component systems involved in polymyxin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Sixteen multiresistant K. pneumoniae isolates were studied. The clonal relationship was performed from the investigation of repeated extragenic palindromic sequences (REP). The genes of the two-component enzyme regulatory systems (pmrA, pmrB, phoP, phoQ) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The identification of mutations was performed by DNA sequencing with comparative analysis using the MGH 78578 strain as reference. It was possible to distinguish the presence of four groups with clonal relationship of the same species with a variation of 2 to 5 unshared bands, indicating a pattern of similarity between all bacteria in the study. All isolates had more than one mutation in the coding regions of the genes studied, the prevalence was of mutations classified as silent in pmrA and phoP. However, Frameshift Nonsense and Missense mutations were identified in pmrB and phoQ genes, which led to alterations in the amino acid chain and production of a non-functional protein. Nucleotide alterations in the coding regions of the TCS regulatory genes (phoPQ and pmrAB) and the compromise of the protein sequence are considered the most relevant mechanisms regarding the mediation of resistance to polymyxins.