01. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE (Sede)
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/1
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Análise da composição química do óleo essencial de espécies de Plectranthus cultivadas sob condições de estresse e avaliação Do seu potencial acaricida sobre o Tetranychus urticae(2024-07-31) Silva, Beatriz Steffanie Gomes da; Moraes, Marcílio Martins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6957579091162269; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4696332206790980Plants are living organisms capable of producing secondary metabolites as a defense and development mechanism. What stimulates the activation of secondary metabolism are changes in the natural conditions necessary for the survival of the plant, called biotic or abiotic stresses. Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of constituents originating from the secondary metabolism of plants, and have different biological properties, from medicinal purposes to pest control. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the variation in the chemical composition of EOs from two species of the genus Plectranthus (P. barbatus and P. ornatus) under controlled stress conditions and the antioxidant and acaricidal potential against Tetranychus urticae (spotted spider mite). The species were separated into groups and subjected to different stress conditions: manual predation (PM), methyl salicylate (SM), methyl jasmonate (MJ), saline (S), water scarcity (E), ultraviolet radiation (UV), and the group without any stress (control). The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and the chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrum (GC-MS). The data were subjected to multivariate analyses (PCA, heatmap and molecular network). The acaricidal activity was evaluated comparatively through the LC90 of the positive control Azamax and the antioxidant activity by the ABTS.+ and DPPH methods. For both species, the chemical composition identified in the control groups showed a predominance of constituents derived from sesquiterpenes, with (E)- caryophyllene as the major constituent. However, in the stressed groups, monoterpenes were present in higher percentages, significantly reducing the percentage of the major compound of the control. This variation was confirmed by all multivariate analyses used. The EOs of both species showed low acaricidal activity against the two-spotted spider mite, with mortality rates equal to 12.00% (P. barbatus) and 22.72% (P. ornatus). P. barbatus showed better antioxidant activity for ABTS.+ (62.74 μg/ml) while P. ornatus showed better for DPPH. (163.5 μg/ml). However, compared to the positive controls Trolox (4.13 μg/ml) and ascorbic acid (1.62 μg/ml), respectively, the activities presented by both species were relatively low. Therefore, it was possible to verify that the EOs of these species present antioxidant and acaricidal activities, although low, and that different stress conditions alter the chemical composition of the plant.Item Composição química, atividade acaricida, propriedade antioxidante, inibição da acetilcolinesterase e toxicidade do óleo essencial das folhas de Sparattanthelium botocudorum(2024-03-05) Silva, Mirian Luzinete da; Camara, Cláudio Augusto Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5615678215435460; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4499498152298785Sparattanthelium botocudorum is a species endemic to Brazil, commonly known as “Canela-brava”, this shrub is distributed on the coast of Paraíba and in the state of Pernambuco. Due to the scarcity of chemical and biological studies on this plant, the research aimed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of the leaves as well as the evaluation of the acaricidal, antioxidant and toxicity properties against Artemia salina. The essential oil, extracted from fresh leaves, through the hydrodistillation technique with the aid of a Clevenger-type device, had a yield of 0.40% m/m and its chemical characterization, through Gas Chromatography coupled to the Mass Spectrometer (CG-MS), emerged as the majority constituents were the sesquiterpenes Germanecrene D with (38.28 %), E-Nerolidol (18.95 %), [beta]-Caryophyllene (14.49 %) and Biciclogermacrene (14.18 %) and the single monoterpene Z-[beta]-Ocimene identified in the OE with a percentage of 0.37%. Residual contact bioassays were carried out, with the aim of identifying the effects of the oil on the two-spotted mite, and showed promising toxicity. The residual contact bioassay, in which the mites are arranged on already treated leaves, showed LC50 = 16.5 μL/mL. Furthermore, the oil also demonstrated ovicidal properties with an estimated LC50 of 1.20 μL/mL. And regarding repellency activity, the oil showed a better potential with the LC30 concentration 8.8 μL/mL. After evaluating the inhibition activity of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, the essential oil from the leaves of S. botocudorum inhibited the enzyme, since the LC50 resulted was 2.9 μg/mL below the LC50 of the positive control, which is 5.95 μg/mL. mL. Furthermore, OE presented antioxidant properties for the free radical DPPH˙, estimating an EC50 = 110.3 μg/mL, while for the free radical ABTS˙+ it was EC50 = 49.23 μg/mL. Finally, the oil exhibited a toxicity concentration of 700 μg/mL for the toxicity test against A. salina, which compared to what described in the literature had no toxicity. Therefore, the study showed that the essential oil presented similar and promising effects compared to already commercialized acaricides, and that the bioassays presented different routes of action, therefore acting with different mechanisms on the pest and presenting a biological property of antioxidant activity.Item Avaliação da geocronologia e composição química de sedimentos do Reservatório de Sobradinho, Bahia(2024-03-04) Cunha, Matheus Antonio Melo da; Gomes, Maria José de Filgueiras; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0060810526769648; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8860852596890707The economy of the Sobradinho region, located in Bahia, and its adjacent cities is heavily influenced by agricultural activity. The predominant cultivation of onions in these areas requires careful irrigation management, which can alter the characteristics of the soil and the surrounding environment. In this context, the present study aims to identify changes in the chemical composition of sediment in the Sobradinho reservoir and assess the environmental impact on sediments, resulting from agricultural practices and urban development in the region. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of sediment samples was conducted, followed by their dating, carried out in the CRCN-NE laboratory using the analytical techniques of Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (EDXRF) and Gas Proportional Flow Counter (CPFG). Initially, sediment cores with a length of 1 meter were collected, which were subdivided into fractions of 3 cm depth for a more detailed analysis. The Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (EDXRF) instrument was calibrated with voltages of 15 kV and 50 kV for the quantification and identification of the elements Al, Fe, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti, and Zn. Sediment dating was performed using the radioactive isotope 210Pb, whose decay to 210Bi is accompanied by the emission of beta particles, with the amount of radioactive activity measured at each depth. This approach allowed the identification of variations in the concentrations of chemical elements over time, with the most significant changes observed in the levels of nickel and silicon, which showed changes between the years 2010 and 2019. These variations can be attributed to various chemical and environmental phenomena, such as the formation of complexes between metals, natural erosion processes caused by wind and rain, and non-natural impacts arising from agricultural practices in the region. The intensive cultivation of onions and grapes, together with the growing agricultural industrialization and the use of nitrogen and phosphorus-rich fertilizers, contributed to the eutrophication process and the reduction of oxygen availability in the water. Additionally, hypoxic conditions were exacerbated by the increase in water temperature, influenced by environmental factors such as the El Niño phenomenon, which began in 2010, and by the emission of pollutants resulting from the modernization of the region and the surrounding cities of Sobradinho. The results of the analysis reveal an average reduction of 23.44% in the levels of iron (Fe) in sediment over the period from 2011 to 2016. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in concentrations of titanium (Ti) and silicon (Si) in 2016, with average variations of 738.25 mg/kg and 15,000.05 mg/kg, respectively. The analysis also indicates an inverse correlation between the concentrations of nickel (Ni) and silicon (Si) over time, suggesting complex interactions between these elements.Item Caracterização energética da maravalha gerada no processamento mecânico da madeira em marcenarias de pequeno porte(2023-09-21) Campelo, Irlan Paulo Ferreira; Braz, Rafael Leite; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7332493832361305; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1038816224446032In Brazil, electricity consumption has grown increasingly, the search for other energy sources must be discussed and worked on, especially in some regions of the country. Brazil's energy crisis is marked by political, economic and environmental factors, which are directly related to the country's difficulty in maintaining its energy supply. Given this context, several sectors have sought new energy alternatives in order to meet the required demand, investing increasingly in sustainable alternatives. Thus, the objective of the work was to evaluate the energy potential of wood shavings generated in the mechanical processing of wood in small carpentry workshops through its energetic properties. The material used was maçaranduba and sucupira wood shavings, collected in two carpentry workshops in the municipality of Camaragibe - PE. The analyzes carried out were: moisture content, bulk density, content of volatile materials, ash, fixed carbon, higher, lower and useful calorific value, extractive content, lignin and holocellulose content. The results of the chemical and calorimetric analyzes of the wood shavings, although they indicate that Treatment T1 had a slight advantage over Treatment T2, these differences are minimal and can be attributed to natural variations in the properties of the wood shavings. Therefore, the wood shavings materials analyzed have promising energetic properties. Its high energy density, low moisture content and favorable chemical composition indicate that wood shavings can be an excellent option as an energy source. This discovery suggests that wood shavings can serve as an efficient and sustainable alternative in replacing non-renewable energy matrices, thus contributing to the diversification and improvement of the energy supply, meaning that waste/disposal can be reused and used directly for generating energy or obtaining briquettes, pellets.Item Estudo químico e atividade sequestradora de radical livre da própolis de Trigona spinipes Smith (Arapuá)(2022-06-10) Souza, Hélter José Silva de; Silva, Tania Maria Sarmento da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9185334632055347The stingless bee Trigona spinipes is popularly known as a primordial generalist species in the performance of ecosystem services, due to the speciesization of agri-cul-tural plants, as a dominant species in the interaction networks between plants and bees. Geopropolis, is a resin mixture collected from pro-resin resins, essential oils, pollen, wax, sugars and salivary secretions from bees. This work describes the chemical study of two samples of Trigona spinipes propolis collected in the Caatinga region of the Polo Petrolina-PE, in the areas that comprise the Vale de São Francis-co. The chemical study of the extracts and fractions was carried out by Ultra Perfor-mance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Diode Array detectors and Quadrupole Time-Time Quadruple Mass Spectrometer (UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS) and coupled Gas Chromatography a Mass Spectrometer (CG/MS). From the chemical study it was possible to observe the presence of substances from the classes of polyamines, fla-vonoids, terpenes, steroids and fatty acids. The two have similar chemical com-posi-tion. The biological study with total phenolics, flavonoids and the DPPH radical showed that propolis are rich sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant po-tential. The pro-anti-inflammatory action presents protection against bacteria, virus, fungi and anti-inflammatory activities.Item Determinação da composição química do óleo essencial e substâncias voláteis das flores Bauhinia variegata L(2021-12-16) Nascimento, Amanda Laysa Silva; Camara, Cláudio Augusto Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5615678215435460Item Composição química e atividade acaricida do óleo essencial das folhas de Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae)(2021-07-15) Almeida, Alice Mariana Souza de; Camara, Cláudio Augusto Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5615678215435460; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5370687315044618Syzygium cumini, known as purple olive, or jamul, dates back to its healing powers since the beginnings of many societies, today confirmed through its antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal properties and reports against different arthropods. The essential oil, extracted from the fresh leaves, through hydrodistillation technique with the aid of a Clevenger type apparatus, had a yield of 0.12%m/m and its chemical characterization, through Gas Chromatography coupled to a Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), provided as major constituents (Z)-[beta]-ocimene (30.456%), [alfa]-pinene (15.537%) and (E)-[beta]-ocimene (15.177%). The contact bioassays performed, with the objective of identifying the effects of the oil on the spider mite, demonstrated a considerable toxicity of the oil. The residual contact bioassay, which the mites are placed on already treated leaves, presented the LC50 = 7.54uL/mL. While in the spray bioassay, where the mites are sprayed when they are on the leaves, presented a LC50 = 8.69uL/mL. In addition, the oil was also showed an ovicidal property with an estimated LC50 of 0.22uL/mL. this essential oilvshowed similar and promising effects compared to acaricides already marketed, while bioassaysvdemonstrated how different tests act on pest instinct mechanisms.Item Diversidade frutífera da UFRPE Sede(2021-12-10) Moraes, Cinthya Rachel Lopes; Shinohara, Neide Kazue Sakugawa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7105928729564845; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9361545836388072Item Composição química e atividade acaricida dos óleos essenciais das folhas de Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg e Campomanesia adamantium (Cambss.) O. Berg contra o ácaro rajado (Tetranychus urticae Koch)(2018-07-30) Tenório, Tchiara Margarida Alves; Camara, Cláudio Augusto Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5615678215435460; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5453271405325590