01.1 - Graduação (Sede)
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/2
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Item Distribuição da comunidade de peixes recifais em relação à complexidade estrutural bentônica da Praia do Paiva - PE(2020-01-27) Oliveira, Túlio Bernardo Caxias de; El-Deir, Ana Carla Asfora; Ferreira Filho, Valdir Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3254150345976475; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4822569793807941; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6765254770405714The reef environments are considered biodiversity hotspots and one of the most producing biological structures on Earth housing a large number of species of marine fish. In reefs, ichthyofauna is strongly associated with substrate complexity and abiotic characteristics, and it is essential to understand these to understand the functioning of ecosystems and ensure their conservation. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the taxocenose of recifal fish from Paiva beach, relating to the benthic environmental complexity of the environment. The collections were performed with underwater visual senses in linear transects at four sample sites on Paiva Beach, from December 2017 to November 2018. The fish were identified, classified according to conservation status to IUCN and its trophic category. As physical characteristics of the substrate, the height, depth and roughness of the substrate were measured. The analysis of the benthic composition of the substrate was made by the CPCe program from underwater photographs. Ecological descriptors (richness, abundance, diversity, horseriding and dominance) were analyzed. Spearman's correlation was obtained between abiotic and biotic parameters in the distribution of the ichthyophanistic community. A total of 2,314 individuals covering 36 species and 20 families were observed, where the Haemulidae family had the highest richness (8). Regarding The IUCN, the species Anisotremus surinamensis, Halichoeres brasiliensis and Sparissoma axilari were shown to be Deficient Data and Haemulon squamipinna and Lutjanus alexandrei as Unevaluated. The most abundant species were Stegastes fuscus (567) and Abudefduf saxatilis (427), which together comprised 43% of all species visualized. Point 3 stood out with the highest diversity of benthic composition, where all components were observed, higher mean roughness (76.8 cm) and substrate height (0.72 cm). In ecological descriptors, the diversity indices were higher in points 3 (H = 2.454) and 4 (H = 2.598) and horseriding (J = 0.7365 and J = 0.7717 respectively), and these points showed the lowest dominance indices (D =1156 and D = 0.1128 respectively). Point 3 was also the site with the highest concentration in both the number of individuals and in number of species. The substrate height had correlations with sampling points (rS=0.33), number of individuals (rS=0.3630), A. saxatilis (rS =0.3290) and A. surinamensis (rS =0.3555). Where the latter presented correlation with roughness (rS=0.2901). Stegastes fuscus was correlated with the sampling points (rS=0.312). Omnivores (568 individuals) and territorialist herbivores (567 individuals) were the most abundant trophic categories, however, feeders of moving invertebrates was the category with the highest species richness (18). In the distribution of trophic categories, points 3 and 4 stood out presenting the greatest balance. Environmental complexity has positively influenced the structure of the fish community as well as increased biodiversity. The roughness, height and composition of the substrate as well as the dominance of species, were more relevant to the description of environmental complexity. Due to the ecological and economic importance of the real environments, understanding the functioning of these ecosystems provides a basis for conservation and sustainable management.Item Acessando a resiliência na Área de Proteção Ambiental Costa dos Corais (Nordeste do Brasil) para embasar decisões de manejo(2018-08-27) Silva, Thaysa Carla Gomes da; Gomes, Paula Braga; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3289333472399959; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2654152836966384Coral reefs are mainly characterized by having one of Earth's greatest biodiversity, as well as being recognized for the provision of vast goods and services. In Brazil, the reefs are distributed over 3,000km along the coast of the country, representing the only reef system in the South Atlantic and being affected by several threats due to the rapid development of coastal areas and high exploitation of its resources. Recognizing when coral reefs are becoming critically fragile is a major challenge, and therefore resilience measures have been considered a strategy to avoid degradation. For this reason, some studies have been developing methodologies using several factors to indicate and calculate reef resilience in order to develop management and conservation strategies. Therefore, it is relevant to study the resilience of coral reefs in Brazil based on their use in order to improve management and monitoring, promoting the reduction of ecosystem degradation and influencing the choice of priority areas for conservation. Along Costa dos Corais Environmental Protection Area, there are several reefs with different intensities of use, including areas of exclusion of use and areas of high intensity of tourist use. In this way, the site allows to analyze the resilience from the comparative point of view between different reef sectors, under their different situations of use and conservation and relating their degree of resilience with the indicators. For this purpose, the resilience factors were selected based on the literature and all indicators were posed as questions. The questions were applied to APACC’s Council to analyze these parameters in APACC’s 21 reefs, about the following sites: Tamandaré (4 reefs), São José da Coroa Grande (3), Maragogi (4), Japaratinga (3), Porto de Pedras (3) and São Miguel dos Milagres (4). The reefs reached a score of 41 for lowest resilience (São Miguel dos Milagres) up to 71 for highest resilience (Maragogi). According to the ranking, the reefs that obtained high (> 62), medium (between 52 and 60) and low resilience (< 51) were identified. The location with the highest amount of reefs with high resilience is in Japaratinga, while the lowest site is in São Miguel dos Milagres. It is also possible to observe that the reefs that obtained higher scores are located in areas restricted to the use, while those that are present in Visitation Zones obtained lower scores, representing about 66% of the reefs considered with low resilience. With the exception of Piscina de São Miguel dos Milagres, all Marine Life Protection Zones were considered areas of high resilience. Overall, our results show that the management of APA Costa dos Corais has been successful in selecting closed areas, since they have high resilience, with the exception of the only Marine Protection Zone in São Miguel dos Milagres. However, some indicators of resilience can be improved with management actions.Item Pycnogonida associado à macroalgas nos recifes areníticos nas praias da Pina e Boa Viagem, Pernambuco - Brasil(2020-01-29) Nascimento, Lorena Nunes; Pinto, Stefane de Lyra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2971017849516459; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3510393256209062Picnogonids are benthic or pelagic marine arthropods, with approximately 1340 recent species considered valid, which are distributed globally from tropical to polar seas. They are generally called "sea spiders" because of their superficial resemblance to real terrestrial spiders. Little information is found on the fauna of pycnogonids off the coast of Brazil, where the group has been little and sporadically addressed in the literature. In this sense, the objective of this work was to carry out the identification of specimens associated with macroalgae collected on the beaches of Pina and Boa Viagem, south coast of the state of Pernambuco. At Pina beach the collection was carried out from May to July / 2018 (rainy season) and September to November / 2018 (dry season) and in Boa Viagem from January to March / 2019 (dry season) and May to July / 2019 (rainy season). In both beaches, collections were carried out manually in the mesolitoral region during low tide. For taxonomic identification of pycnogonids, this was carried out down to the species level, with the aid of a stereomicroscope, using specialized bibliography. A total of 258 specimens were counted, distributed in 03 families, 03 genera and 08 species. The species Anoplodactylus ganchiformis Lucena and Christoffersen, 2018 was considered very frequent (100%), standing out in the rainy season in both investigated beaches. At Pina beach, the species that contributed most in terms of relative abundance were: Anoplodactylus stictus Marcus, 1940 (57.1%) in the dry season and A. ganchiformis (47.4%) in the rainy season. The species A. stictus also showed a high contribution in terms of relative abundance on the Boa Viagem beach, in the dry (42.4%) and rainy (57.8%) periods. The diversity indexes were also checked and it was noted that the month of November was the only one that assumed a zero index. The species Anoplodactylus batangensis (Helfer, 1938) and Anoplodactylus evelinae Marcus, 1940 had their records expanded for the beaches in question. The species A. stictus had its record expanded to the state of Pernambuco and the species Anoplodactylus ricardoi Lucena and Christoffersen, 2018 and A. ganchiformis had their first records for Pernambuco and the second for the Northeast. It is hoped that these records can contribute and encourage the search for more work, in order to obtain a better understanding of the systematics and distribution of Pycnogonida, since little information is found about this fauna.Item Macrofauna em ambientes recifais de praias urbanas do Recife - PE, Brasil(2020-10-27) Santos, Karollayne Danielly da Silva; Alves, Marcos Souto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7568351870637048; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4176625803318031The beaches of Pina and Boa Viagem, Recife-PE, are urban beaches and present in addition to ecological importance, socioeconomic importance. In order to characterize the macrofauna of the aforementioned beaches, aiming to provide recent data on the quali-quantitative composition of the same, monthly collections were carried out, always at low tides daytime syzygy, from May to July (rainy season), and September to November (dry season) 2018 at Pina beach, and from January to March (dry season), and May to July (rainy season) 2019 at Boa Viagem beach. The macroalgae were collected with the aid of plastic bags and deposited in plastic containers containing water from the site, with three samples of macroalgae per month. Regarding the reef macrofauna, specimens were collected manually, with the aid of tweezers and deposited in plastic containers. In the laboratory, the macrofauna associated with macroalgae was identified at the level of large groups and accounted for. Mollusks obtained from macroalgae, as well as decapod crustaceans and molluscs collected on reefs, were identified at the species level with the help of specialized literature. Associated with macroalgae, 11 and 13 zoological taxa were removed for the beaches of Pina and Boa Viagem, respectively, with Copepoda being the dominant one on Pina beach, and Isopoda and Amphipoda Gammaroidea in the dry and rainy periods, respectively, on Boa Viagem beach. As for gastropods associated with macroalgae, 18 species were obtained at Praia do Pina, and 22 at Boa Viagem beach. Comparing the seasonal periods, on both beaches the dry period presented greater wealth than the rainy one. Eulithidium affine stood out for being the dominant species on Pina beach, as well as on Boa Viagem beach in the rainy season, with Mitrella ocellata being the dominant one in the dry season. Regarding the reef macrofauna, 10 species were obtained at Pina beach and 12 at Boa Viagem beach. Comparing the two seasonal periods, the rainy season was the one that showed the greatest wealth and abundance at Pina beach, while at Boa Viagem beach it was the dry period. In both beaches studied, Stramonita haemastoma and Pachygrapsus tranversus, were the species of mollusk and decapod crustacean respectively, which presented greater abundance. Regarding the frequency of occurrence, on the beach of Pina Stramonita haemastoma was the most frequent mollusk, while on the beach of Boa Viagem the species Brachidontes exustus, Fissurella clenchi and Stramonita haemastoma were the most frequent occurrence. Among decapod crustaceans, Pachygrapsus tranversus was the one with the highest frequency on the two beaches studied. Callinectes exasperatus and Callinectes ornatus would be a new occurrence record for Boa Viagem beach. The macrofauna obtained in the present study, showed less abundance of individuals and less value of wealth, when compared to previous works, which may be related to anthropic actions, such as increased trampling. Despite this, it is considered that the two beaches studied showed good biological diversity, since they are strongly impacted.Item Consequência da mudança de fase sobre atributos funcionais em ecossistemas recifais(2021-12-17) Fialho, Cláudio Henrique Gomes; Gomes, Paula Braga; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3289333472399959; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2275122243078076Coral reefs are very important to marine biodiversity, in addition they provide important ecosystem services to human populations. Even so, they have been experiencing a reduction in coral cover and species diversity, mainly due to overfishing, pollution, disease and climate change. The association of these anthropic factors with alterations in the structure of benthic communities and loss of resilience is prevalent in the literature, with the possibility of replacing a community dominated by corals with a new stage of dominance by other organisms, a process known as "phase shift". The diversity of functional attributes present in an ecosystem is an important measure of functional diversity, and as it is related to the availability of ecosystem services, it allows a comparison of the state of these environments, before/after changes such as phase shifts. Here, we aim to assess the consequence of a phase shift on functional traits in reef ecosystems. For this, initially, data such as geographic location, time interval, benthic dominance before and after phase shifts were analyzed, as well as possible causes of 29 records found in an extensive literature review. After listing the species involved in these processes of phase change and selection, from the related literature, of the functional attributes that were evaluated, a new review was carried out in search of the traits of these species. After obtaining all the data, descriptive analyzes were performed to assess the overlapping of functions between building and non-building organisms and to discuss the functional consequences of the phase shift process. 29 records were found that describe phase shifts processes in coral reefs. Records in the Caribbean region represented 41.38% of all the records found, which may be related to the high levels of investment in research in the region, as well as anthropic impacts related to the high rate of human occupation from tourism and other economic activities. There was a predominance (62.07%) of processes involving organisms such as sponges, soft corals and echinoids in the replacement of the original phases. However, of the 29 records found, 11 (39.29%) involve macroalgae, which demonstrates the frequency of these organisms in replacing the coral cover on reefs. Comparing the set of attributes of the original and new phases, it was possible to notice negative, positive and neutral consequences. There was a great incompleteness in the data from the studies used in the analyses, requiring a great sampling effort. Finally, it was possible through this work to note that when a reef loses corals, in addition to building capacity, it also loses several other functional attributes related to the species. In addition, the new dominant species bring new attributes that will characterize the new phase of the ecosystem, which may be positive changes. We hope to have contributed to the expansion of knowledge in relation to these processes, in addition to generating subsidies for further studies to be carried out. Research of this nature is important for the possibility of helping managers and governance in measures to mitigate damage, conservation and even the recovery of these ecosystems.