TCC - Licenciatura em Química (Sede)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/472
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Atividade antimicrobiana de análogos da piperina(2018-08-02) Bezerra, Leonardo Alexandre Barros; Ramos, Clécio Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3782004073843685; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3961756201958567The structural modification of natural compounds is of significant importance for medicinal chemistry, from 1981 to 2014 1328 medicines were approved for commercialization, of which 51.5% are of natural origin and 26.8% are derived from phytochemicals. An example is the natural amide piperine, which is the target of several biological investigations, and which has demonstrated the potential to act as a precursor to new compounds with application in the modulation of biological phenomena with the 1,2,4 oxadiazole nucleus, which are a class of heterocyclic that exhibit a range of biological activities and that can be used for the synthesis of potential microbial agents. This work aims to report the extraction of piperine by microwave. Reflux hydrolysis of piperine to obtain piperinic acid in moderate yields. Obtaining the ethyl piperininate esters and 3,4 methylenedioxy ethyl cinnamate with excellent yields. The synthesis of amidoximes using the conventional methodology of stirring with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, sodium carbonate and the corresponding nitriles with the substituents (p-nitro, p-toluyl, m-toluyl, benzo, piperonyl, 4-pyridine) in yields of 37% -98%. Using the methodology of synthesis of oxadiazole by microwave using ethyl cyano acetate esters with piperonylamidoxime, ethyl ester 3,4-methylenedioxy cinnamate with 4-pyridine and p-toluyl amidoxime in the presence of K2CO3 and DMF. All oxadiazol precursors were elucidated by IV and the 1,2,4-oxadiazoles synthesized characterized by 1H and 13C NMR. Some compounds were tested bactericidal activities, where the 1,2,4-oxadiazoles presented excellent results against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae and one of the compounds presented luminescent activity a little reported in the 1,2,4 oxadiazoles.Item Em busca do Césio-137: uma proposta lúdica para o ensino de radioativade(2022-09-20) Lima, Ariane da Costa; Simões Neto, José Euzébio; Barbosa, Leandro José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3815549830656148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3560726840212196; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2701795586493198Chemistry is one of the subjects that make up the students' curriculum and plays a fundamental role in enabling the individual to understand the phenomena that exist in their daily lives. However, it is one of the subjects that presents the greatest difficulty, mainly due to the need for abstraction, especially in the teaching of radioactivity, leading to a lack of interest and demotivation among students, as they are unable to attribute a relationship between the contents and their reality in the world. Therefore, there is a need to add, in the teaching and learning process, new methodologies that favor the student's recovery and interest in learning Chemistry. The use of games has proven to be a great pedagogical resource to minimize such difficulties, as they make it possible to work on any content in a pleasurable way, based on leisure and fun. Thus, with the aim of bringing Chemistry closer to students, we developed and validated a didactic board game of the Agon/Alea type, called “In search of Césium-137”, which presents as a context the radioactive accident in Goiânia/GO, for application in a 3rd year high school class, in order to immerse the student in a scenario rich in information, based on the famous local accident, so that we could evaluate the potential of the game in the process of teaching and learning radioactivity content, from validation following the criteria structured by Nowak and Souza. After application, in validation, we realized that the game proved to be efficient, as students actively participated in the entire process, demonstrating enthusiasm and cooperative attitude, in addition to meeting the criteria of Interaction between players, Dimension of learning, Gameplay, Space and time limitation , Application, Challenge and Creativity. Furthermore, our results converge with the observations found in the literature, corroborating the ability of games to improve content enjoyment. Furthermore, the proposed material managed to fulfill its role, both in the playful and educational dimensions, promoting moments of relaxation, interaction and effective learning of the specific content.Item Análise de artigos sobre a temática passabilidade: identificando contribuições para o ensino de Química segundo abordagem de QSC na perspectiva da educação em Direitos Humanos(2022-05-31) Lima, Izabelly Tavares de; Firme, Ruth do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7234636790850019; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9465097213606651Human Rights are universal rights for each human being. In this monograph, the approach of socio-scientific issues (SSI) is assumed as a didactic strategy for conducting the teaching of Chemistry from the perspective of Education in Human Rights. From this perspective, one of the themes that can be addressed in the teaching of Chemistry is Passability. However, works involving this theme were not found in the main national journals for teaching Chemistry. Therefore, this research aims to analyze aspects about Passability, brought in works published in journals that are not in the area of Chemistry teaching, which can contribute to the teaching of chemistry according to the SSI approach from the perspective of Education in Human Rights. This is bibliographic research of the state of knowledge type, in which the works published in journals were mapped using the keyword passability on the Google Scholar platform, considering publications from 2017 to 2022. The mapped works were analyzed from the following characteristics: objectives of the work; target Audience; aspects addressed about passability; theoretical references on passability adopted; and some considerations presented in the work. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that Passability can be characterized as a SSI, given that it is a controversial issue, has a scientific basis, involves choice-making, has a local, national and global dimension, in addition to being current. Additionally, it was noticed that the sensitization processes, the promotion of respect for the rights of others, and the promotion of an inclusive education that does not encourage prejudice, discrimination, racism and violence, are structuring axes for Education in Human Rights, can be met from the theme Passability in Chemistry Teaching.Item Validação de jogos digitais para o ensino de química: análise dos protudos da iniciativa MEC RED(2022-06-09) Bruce, Ênio Dikran Vasconcelos; Simões Neto, José Euzébio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3560726840212196; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2478144275654238Faced with the difficulty and lack of interest on the part of students regarding the Chemistry discipline in High School, the use of digital games as a motivational factor for the teaching and learning processes of scientific concepts has been gaining space within the classrooms due to the issue of creation of a link between playfulness and formal contents. In this context, the objective of this work was to analyze and validate the use of six digital games for teaching Chemistry developed by the V-lab UFPE, aiming at a better learning of contents associated with the Physical Chemistry subject, an integral part of school Chemistry, by the High School students. Investigating the benefits made possible by the experience with the games from the analysis using criteria available in the literature, as well as the discussion based on suggestions for improvements for the products. It is worth noting that the process of creating and choosing digital games that can be used in the classroom is challenging for teachers. Positive results associated with the use of this tool are due to the way in which the teacher idealizes and monitors such activity.Item Estudo teórico de moléculas diatômicas e triatômicas em manchas solares(2022-06-02) Fonseca, Andreza Gomes da; Bastos, Cristiano Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6385190604693576; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8803789315007366In this work we study the existence of diatomic and triatomic molecules in sunspots. From experimental data of the solar spectrum in the infrared (IR) region of 473 cm-1 - 925cm-1, it was possible to identify lines due to rotovibrational transitions of the molecules: BH, CH, HF, C2, CN, MgH, CO, AlH, NO, SiH, HCl, NP, TiO, CO2, HCN, NO2, BeCl2, OCS, NNO. The purpose of this description is to identify the presence of these molecules in sunspots, based on the amount of bands calculated for each case, including the NP molecule that has not yet been reported in the literature. Study the magnetism of these molecules and thus being able to predict which molecules may be influencing the magnetic field of sunspots and the consequences of this.Item Estudos de pré-concentração de platina explorando materiais de sílica organofuncionalizados(2022-10-13) Sousa, Filipe Carvalho Pires de; Belian, Mônica Freire; Lavorante, André Fernando; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1011018535020717; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2626644337183959; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8810636055275824The present work aims to develop an organofunctionalized material through a silylation reaction, by a heterogeneous route, using the Stöber method, capable of effectively coordinating platinum íons (Pt4+). The synthesis of modified silica was carried out by the sol-gel process, where functionalization was carried out one pot through the addition of N´-[(trimethoxysilyl)propylethylenetriamine, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and ammonium hydroxide, the latter being a catalyst for hydrolysis and condensation reactions. The adsorptive/coordinative capacity of the organofunctionalized silica was evaluated through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and electronic absorption techniques. Through infrared spectroscopy, it was possible to observe the presence of bands referring to silanol groups (Si-OH) between 3470 and 3090 cm- 1, and an intense broad band related to siloxane groups (Si-O-Si) at 1029 cm-1. In addition, it was possible to identify bands at 2904 and 2829 cm-1 referring to the N-H groups of the amines present in the organofunctionalization of silica, coming from N´-[(trimethoxysilyl)propylethylenetriamide, as expected; and, at 1465 cm-1, the C-N band of amines is observed. Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FITR) was used as a proposal to observe, through the spectra, the possible changes that occurred with the organofunctionalized compound after reacting with a 10-4 mol L-1 potassium hexachloroplatinate solution. It was possible to observe the shift to lower wave numbers of the signals referring to the N-H and C-N bands, suggesting that the interaction between Pt4+ ions and the silica material is predominantly through coordinative bonds between the ion and the amino groups. After the studies in the infrared region, test were performed on the electronic absorption of platinum ions with different concentrations, and then an analytical curve was constructed. However, two analytical curves were performed in order to quantitatively analyze the adsorption of platinum ions on silica materials. The first with concentrations of 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, 10-6 mol L-1 resulted in a good linear regression coefficient of 0,9995. At lower concentrations, at values of 12,2, 48,8, 97,5, and 195 ppm, the linear regression was also satisfactory, but with a value of 0,9801. Thus, the synthesized compound SIL-TMSDT proved to be effective for platinum (Pt4+) adsorption and efficiency pre-concentration.Item Aproximações da educação química CTS/CTSA e educação ambiental: um estudo sobre os impactos da chuva ácida no ambiente(2022-10-13) Paz, Danielle Santos da; Amaral, Edenia Maria Ribeiro do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5241130686153506; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6502843465348417The phenomenon of acid rain is considered, among several researchers, as a serious environmental problem that affects many countries of the world bringing consequences for health and public assets and can be considered a reflection of the dynamics of society, so it is necessary to take measures to identify and reduce its causes and consequences through environmental education. The present work seeks to relate the subject of acid rain with the study of chemistry contents such as inorganic functions: Acids and oxides. It is known the difficulties that teachers have in promoting reflection on environmental issues in the classroom, as well as making a relationship between environmental themes and chemistry contents. Thus, we search the contextualization of the contents of chemistry and environment, bringing the rescue of memories, facts, and situations. Therefore, through the STS/STSE approach we invite students to stand themselves as citizens capable of building their own opinion for an understanding of the social dimension of science, technology, and the environment. Thus, the objective of this work is to develop scientific knowledge through a sequence of teaching and learning on the topic acid rain, using the STS/STSE approach that articulates environmental education to chemistry teaching, and to promote students of basic education, environmental and social awareness. Methodologically, we have developed a teaching and learning sequence for Leonard Waks' responsibility cycle-based STS approach, which elects five criteria to teach ethical issues and values that arise in the education that the STS is present. The didactic sequence was developed for application with a class of 13 students aged between 16 and 17, on their last year of high school, consisted of four didactic moments following the criteria of the Waks responsibility cycle, and the time stipulated for each moment is one lecture corresponding to 50 minutes. For analysis data were considered the students' answers through the proposed activities. From the results of the analysis, we can say that, during the moments proposed in the didactic sequence, the students developed a socio-environmental responsibility that was evident when, during the activities, they were able to relate the theme with the chemistry contents. With this, they were capable to denote a greater knowledge of the phenomenon studied that contributed to the understanding of their roles as citizens who recognize their own rights and duties, responsible for their decisions and for their impacts on society.Item Adsorção dos íons metálicos Cu2+ e Mn2+ em sistema bicomponente utilizando carvão ativado preparado a partir de sabugo de milho como adsorvente(2022-05-20) Campos, Natália Ferreira; Moraes, Alex Souza; Duarte, Marta Maria Menezes Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2069994676017059; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0440163845324480; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7441229690485153Heavy metals are used in several areas, especially in the pulp and paper industry, since their effluents contain high levels of copper and manganese, which can cause harmful effects on living systems due to their toxic nature, non-biodegradable and accumulate in organisms. This problem has led several research groups to seek treatment alternatives. Adsorption using activated carbon prepared from agro-industrial residues has been presented as an alternative for the treatment of effluents containing heavy metals. In view of the above, this work proposes the use of activated carbon prepared from corn cob as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu2+ and Mn2+ metallic ions in mono and bicomponent systems. Corn cob activated carbon was chemically activated with H3PO4. The characterization of corn cob and activated carbon was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Boehm titration and determination of the pH of the zero charge point. The influence of the initial pH of the solution on the adsorptive process was studied in order to determine the pH used in further studies. Based on the results obtained, kinetic and adsorption equilibrium studies were carried out for the mono and bicomponent systems. The characterization indicated that the activation promoted an increase of carboxylic groups on the surface of the adsorbent, reduction of the pHZCP value from 4.7 in the corn cob to 3.0 in the activated carbon, increasing the pH range of the solution in which the surface of the coal becomes negatively charged, which favored the adsorption of Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions. In the study of the effect of the initial pH of the solution in a single-component system, pH 4 and 6 showed better results for Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions, respectively, whereas in the bicomponent system it was pH 4. The model that best represented the experimental data of the kinetic evolution was the pseudo-second order for monocomponent systems and for Cu2+ in the bicomponent system, while for Mn2+ it was the pseudo-first order model. In the adsorption equilibrium, it was found that the model that best fitted the experimental data was Sips for Cu2+ and Langmuir for Mn2+ in a monocomponent system. The experimental adsorptive capacity was 0.39 mmol•g-1 for Cu2+ and 0.22 mmol•g-1 for Mn2+. Regarding the bicomponent system, the antagonistic effect of the presence of Cu2+ for the adsorption of Mn2+ was verified, and the model that best described the process was the extended Langmuir process, as it indicated the highest affinity of Cu2+ with activated carbon. The results of this work demonstrate the technical potential of activated carbon prepared from corn cob for the adsorption of Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions in mono and bicomponent systems.Item Uma proposta de sequência didática com o tema cerveja para uma visão afrocentralizada no ensino de Química(2022-10-11) Soledade, Mikaella Pereira da; Simões Neto, José Euzébio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3560726840212196; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6888938635825571The present work consists of the proposition of a didactic sequence to discuss the content of Carbohydrates, related to Organic School Chemistry, from the Beer theme, considering aspects of an Afrocentralized education, evidencing the origin of the drink in Egypt, where it became popular and became essential to civilization. The proposal was built in four moments, namely: questionnaire of previous conceptions, discussion about beer production and its influence on society, from a simulated jury style debate, discussion about the Afrocentrality of the origin and popularization of beer and a questionnaire final, for evaluation and possible validation of the didactic sequence. We believe that the proposal has the potential to discuss the intended themes and, as a perspective for the future, we think of a possible application of the material in the classroom of the 3rd year of high school, in addition to the reformulation of some moments, especially the last one, a questionnaire, aiming to expand the spaces for debate. We hope, with this work, to contribute to a more contextualized teaching of Chemistry that brings together issues relevant to our society, related to racism and the erasure of knowledge of African origin, as directed by law 10.639/2003.Item Glicerina bruta produzida pela Biorrefinaria Berso: purificação e preparação do carbonato de glicerol(2022-10-17) Ribeiro, Rubson Patrik Sena; Araújo, Patrícia Lopes Barros de; Oliveira, Ronaldo Nascimento de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9071551767043294; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9826955590432737; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7729510453800791Since the last century, the perception of the rampant use of fossil fuels based on oil and natural gas is inevitable. Allied to this, we see a race in search of energy sources that exceed the socioeconomic demand and production of the current world. In Brazil, there is a fertile soil for generating raw material for biodiesel production, due to the large amount of vegetable and oilseed species such as castor bean, palm, sunflower, babassu, peanut, jatropha, soybean, in addition to animal raw material, such as beef tallow, among others. From the transesterification reaction of the triglycerides of an oil or fat with an alcohol, methyl (or ethyl) esters of fatty acids are produced, which are biodiesel. Glycerol is a co-product of this reaction, which receives the commercial designation of glycerin, for samples containing more than 95% of the glycerol compound. The increase in the global supply of glycerin has led to the search for alternatives for the consumption of this co-product in its raw form and/or as derivatives with high added value. This work is based on the inclusion of glycerin as an abundant and cheap input in the high value-added polymer industry. The strategy was based on obtaining glycerol carbonates, a monomer for the synthesis of biodegradable glycerol polycarbonates, from purified glycerin. The results were obtained by obtaining a purified glycerol with 82% purity and a glycerol carbonate with more than 85% purity, both results from the analysis of chemical interactions and characterizations of the products obtained using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), hydrogen and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). In this way, this work gains the possibility of solving practical problems related to obtaining advanced polymeric materials for use in industries and laboratories.