TCC - Licenciatura em Química (Sede)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/472
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Item Aplicações recentes de sulfonamidas na química medicinal(2025-08-07) Silva, Mirelly Francisca Pereira da; Nascimento, André Augusto Pimentel Liesen; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8040722729889752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4468688072710935A química medicinal planeja e valida substâncias bioativas. Há uma crescente necessidade de novos fármacos para atender à população e combater organismos resistentes, como bactérias. As sulfonamidas, cuja atividade antibacteriana foi descoberta e validada por Gerhardt Domagk em 1935 com o Prontosil,que foi o primeiro medicamento do tipo sulfonamida a ser utilizado clinicamente. Elas atuam inibindo competitivamente a conversão do ácido p-aminobenzoico, sendo cruciais contra bactérias multirresistentes. Quimicamente, são amidas de ácidos sulfônicos (-SO2NHR-), apresentadas como pó branco, inodoro, cristalino e solúvel em água, e seu principal método de obtenção é a reação de cloreto de sulfonila com amônia ou amina. Sua importância na química medicinal reside na ampla variedade de aplicações (farmacêutica e agrícola) e na estabilidade do grupo funcional. São empregadas no tratamento de infecções bacterianas, câncer, Alzheimer, diabetes, e possuem ações antifúngica, anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e antiviral. Mais de 150 medicamentos aprovados pela FDA contêm essa estrutura. As sulfonamidas são exploradas como compostos multi-alvo devido à presença de grupos funcionais que permitem diversas modificações estruturais. O objetivo do trabalho é realizar uma revisão reunindo os métodos de obtenção, medicamentos aprovados e as atividades terapêuticas que pode ser atribuídas as sulfonamidas, para ser base de consulta para os próximos trabalhos nessa área.Item Síntese e caracterização de 2-(3-aril-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-il)-(1E,3E)-penta-1,3-dien-1-ila(2024-03-07) Silva, Juliana Carolina do Nascimento; Freitas Filho, João Rufino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9252404584350850; http://lattes.cnpq.br/62314822898372301,2,4-oxadiazoles are heterocyclic compounds containing two nitrogen atoms, one oxygen atom and two double bonds in their structure and due to their low aromaticity they are called a conjugated system. Due to its notable importance of its biological properties such as: anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, among others. In this work, the synthesis and characterization of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from amidoximes and ethyl sorbate are described. The approach adopted was qualitative and experimental. Characterization was carried out by infrared spectroscopy and ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance. The results revealed that the arylamidoximes obtained by the stirring method for 24 hours showed good yields, ranging from 75% to 90%. Ethyl sorbate prepared by Fischer esterification showed a yield of 82%. However, the 1,2,4-oxadiazoles obtained by the superbase method showed yields between 45% and 50%, due to the formation of byproducts with similar polarity to the compound of interest.Item Síntese de 1H-1,2,3-triazol glicopiranosídeos análogos de nucleosídeos com potencial atividade antiviral(2021-12-09) Silva, Carla Jasmine Oliveira e; Oliveira, Ronaldo Nascimento de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9071551767043294; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6278050350925332In this work, new nucleoside analogues containing the heterocyclics 1,2,3-triazol and pyrimidine conjugated with glycopyranosides were synthesized. Initially, the construction of our first synthetic block was carried out: the [beta]-azido-glycosides 3a-c, from three subsequent steps. The acetylation reaction of the carbohydrates D-(+)-Glucose, D-(+)-Galactose and L-(+)-Arabinose provided the O-acetyl-glycosides 1a-c, which were used in the next step with a solution 33 % HBr/AcOH to obtain [alfa]-bromo-glycosides 2a-c. Finally, we continued with the azidation reaction that formed the [beta]-azido-glycosides with moderate yields of 49% (3a) and 55% (3b) after crystallization in dichloromethane/ethanol (1:1); and 55% (3b) and 45% (3c) after purification by column chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate, 8:2). The second synthetic block was prepared from the reaction of the nucleotidic bases, uracil and fluorouracil, with the propargyl bromide which provided the N1-,N3-bis-alkylated pyrimidine bases 4a-b with yields of 88% and 96%. Thus, the triazole nuclei were obtained through the copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between [beta]-azido-glycosides 3a-c and N1-,N3-bis-alkylated pyrimidine bases 4a-c. The disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives 5a-i were synthesized in excellent yields between 82-99%, and with the reaction time reduced to 1 hour compared to the literature, using 20 mol% of Cu(I) and 20 mol% Et3N.Item Síntese de 2-aminoalquil-3-alquenil-1,4-naftoquinona funcionalizadas como matérias-primas na obtenção de novas moléculas bioativas(2022-06-07) Silva, Karolinny Gomes da; Camara, Celso de Amorim; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4500025814149366; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7894875948237128Quinones represent a large and varied family of metabolites of natural distribution. The interest in these substances has been intensified in recent years due to their pharmacological importance. The main interest in quinones comes from their capacity to induce oxidative stress in cells. This stress can also result from the action of many toxic environmental agents on living beings, such as gamma and ultraviolet radiation, ozone, and automobile pollutants in the air, as well as from certain substances in the food chain and from smoking. Natural and synthetic, quinones are substances known to possess potent and varied types of biological activities such as antitumor, molluscicidal, leishmanicidal, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, trypanocidal, antiprotozoal and inhibitors of the reverse transcriptase enzyme of the HIV-1 virus. The present work aims to establish a relationship between natural quinones and, by means of organic synthesis, obtain organic derivatives that possess biological activity.Item Modularidade aplicada à síntese de compostos bioativos(2022-06-06) Lima, Danielle Assis de Albuquerque; Nascimento, André Augusto Pimentel Liesen; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8040722729889752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4620645760514341The synthesis of bioactive compounds is characterized by the high number of steps to obtain its final product, refining it to the maximum so that its biological activity demonstrates more efficiency, consequently making it a time-consuming process, and because of this, the idea of synthesis modular has become strongly promising. Modular Reactions have taken up a large space in the scope of organic synthesis, for bringing innovations and ways to speed up the obtaining of bioactive compounds for pharmacological use. Firstly, modular reactions draw attention because they are reactions that take advantage of the concept of modularity, which can be summarized in the idea of using so-called “building blocks”, where different compounds are used, participating in varied combinations, having as Consequently, the reduction in the number of steps and, on the other hand, presenting the possibility of increasing the production of analogues of the researched product in a timely manner, in addition to the production of new products with interesting biological properties. This synthesis strategy still gains a lot of space for presenting the possibility of automating the reactions, where the idea of automation is centered on increasing the productivity and the speed with which the compounds will be formed, being able to be done from a script to obtain the products, to computer programming and automation to carry out the syntheses. The implementation of modularity carries with it scientific innovations that help in the growing demand for new drugs.