TCC - Licenciatura em Química (Sede)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/472
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Atividade antimicrobiana de análogos da piperina(2018-08-02) Bezerra, Leonardo Alexandre Barros; Ramos, Clécio Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3782004073843685; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3961756201958567The structural modification of natural compounds is of significant importance for medicinal chemistry, from 1981 to 2014 1328 medicines were approved for commercialization, of which 51.5% are of natural origin and 26.8% are derived from phytochemicals. An example is the natural amide piperine, which is the target of several biological investigations, and which has demonstrated the potential to act as a precursor to new compounds with application in the modulation of biological phenomena with the 1,2,4 oxadiazole nucleus, which are a class of heterocyclic that exhibit a range of biological activities and that can be used for the synthesis of potential microbial agents. This work aims to report the extraction of piperine by microwave. Reflux hydrolysis of piperine to obtain piperinic acid in moderate yields. Obtaining the ethyl piperininate esters and 3,4 methylenedioxy ethyl cinnamate with excellent yields. The synthesis of amidoximes using the conventional methodology of stirring with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, sodium carbonate and the corresponding nitriles with the substituents (p-nitro, p-toluyl, m-toluyl, benzo, piperonyl, 4-pyridine) in yields of 37% -98%. Using the methodology of synthesis of oxadiazole by microwave using ethyl cyano acetate esters with piperonylamidoxime, ethyl ester 3,4-methylenedioxy cinnamate with 4-pyridine and p-toluyl amidoxime in the presence of K2CO3 and DMF. All oxadiazol precursors were elucidated by IV and the 1,2,4-oxadiazoles synthesized characterized by 1H and 13C NMR. Some compounds were tested bactericidal activities, where the 1,2,4-oxadiazoles presented excellent results against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae and one of the compounds presented luminescent activity a little reported in the 1,2,4 oxadiazoles.Item Abordagem sobre solução química e livros didáticos de Química do Ensino Médio aprovados no PNLD/2018: uma análise a partir do ensino e aprendizagem baseados nas resoluções de problemas(2018-02-22) Costa, Heloiza Helena da Silva; Batinga, Verônica Tavares Santos; Sales, Amanda Maria Vieira Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7097156673431056; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7759044153725982; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3964151656906564This work aims to characterize the statements of the questions on Chemical Solutions in Didactic Books of Chemistry of Secondary School approved in the PNLD / 2018, according to Freire and Silva (2013), according to the characteristics of Teaching and Learning based on Problem Solving (EABRP); Batinga (2010); Pozo and Crespo (1998) and Lopes (1994). For this, we adopted the following methodological procedure: 1) Bibliographic survey, 2) Selection of research data, 3) Analysis of Questions and 4) Transformation of some Exercises in Problems. The present study is close to a qualitative exploratory level research, and as to the procedure, it consists of a documentary research. For the analysis of the didactic unit on Chemical Solutions, some questions / criteria were elaborated to examine the texts, illustrations and statements of the questions presented in 6 Chemistry textbooks. Then, the statements characterized as exercises according to Lopes (1994) were transformed into potential school-type problems (Pozo and Crespo, 1998, Freire and Silva, 2013). The results showed that: the identification of questions about Chemical Solutions and their analysis indicated that these presented characteristics of exercises, according to Pozo and Crespo (1998) and Lopes (1994): emphasize teaching learning through memorization and repetition of algorithms, without take into account context. After identifying and analyzing these issues, it was sought to transform them into potential problems, that is, by making issues in open statements, removing the guidelines that would facilitate immediate resolution, giving scope for diverse strategies and resolutions, and inserting a context that approximates the statement of the reality of the students (POZO and CRESPO, 1998). Finally, this research led to the insertion of the EABRP to address the content of chemical solutions in high school textbooks, contextualizing different situations, adding themes related to students' daily life, with the purpose of making them able to recognize the chemical content inserted in diverse situations, in order to stimulate the students' cognitive activities during their process of knowledge construction and taking care of the orientations of the NCPs that foresee the formation of critical and active citizens in the resolution of daily problems from scientific knowledge.Item Impactos de um processo de formação docente, fundamentado na racionalidade prática, na alfabetização científica e tecnológica de licenciandos em Química: um estudo de caso(2019-12-12) Miranda, Raphaela Dantas; Firme, Ruth do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7234636790850019; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7681050703890574It is in the context of the applications and implications of science and technology in society that the need for citizens' Scientific and Technological Literacy (STL) was highlighted. In this perspective, the objective of this research was to analyze the impacts of a teacher training process, based on practical rationality in the STL of Chemistry degree students. It was assumed that the process of initial formation of Chemistry teachers, based on practical rationality, can contribute to the STL of these future teachers, since this type of rationality considers practice as a place of reflection for the production of knowledge, as, knowledge related to the Nature of Science and Technology, an essential component of STL. For this purpose, this research: 1) had the participation of eight undergraduate students in Chemistry who were taking the Instrumentation for Teaching Chemistry II (ITC II) discipline, curricular component of the 7th period of the course's curriculum matrix; 2) followed as methodological steps: presentation of the research objectives to the undergraduate students followed by reading and signing of the informed agreement term; application of the COCTS with Chemistry degree students enrolled in the discipline of ITC II in the second semester of 2018 - before the development of the training process; reapplication of COCTS with graduates in Chemistry after the referred process and data analysis; 3) adopted qualitative and quantitative data approaches. From the analyzes carried out, evidence was found that the training process contributed to the undergraduate students’ STL, however, it did not guarantee the development of adequate conceptions of Science, Science-Technology relationship, Technology-Society relationship and Science Epistemology. Therefore, these results corroborate the need to return of the attention to teacher training, more specifically, to the initial training of Chemistry teachers, when we assume STL as a cultural need for citizens of contemporary society and as one of the objectives of teaching sciences, and more particularly, the teaching of Chemistry.Item Estudo voltamétrico de biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo: 3-nitro-, orto- e para-tirosina(2019-12-13) Nascimento, Maysa Lima do; Oliveira, Severino Carlos Bezerra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7976654736038580; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4917340697241492Reactive nitrogen (RNS) and oxygen species (ROS) are produced in-vivo within cells as products of cellular metabolism. These species play important physiological roles in controlling blood pressure, cell signaling, apoptosis and phagocytosis. However, in-vivo excess of RNS and ROS can cause damage to biological molecules, such as double-helix deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) and proteins, leading to mutations, with direct consequences in many pathological processes. Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is an RNS that promotes reactions with proteins in tyrosine residues producing 3-nitro-tyrosine (3-NO2-Tyr), which can cause different types of diseases such as acute pulmonary injury, atherosclerosis and some type of cancers. Thus, 3-NO2-Tyr is an important biomarker of in-vivo production of RNs in various tissues. However, ROS provoke oxidative damage in the proteins leading to the production of ortho- (o-Tyr) and para-tyrosine (p-Tyr). Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate via electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry, the redox behavior of 3-NO2-Tyr, o-Tyr and p-Tyr using a glassy-carbon electrode, as well as to develop electroanalytical methods for their quantifications. The study revealed the redox mechanisms of biomarkers. In addition, a bibliographic review was carried out to elaboration of a didactic text on amino acids and proteins, as well as on the fundamentals of voltammetric techniques and their applications in biological studies.Item Síntese e caracterização de novos materiais luminescentes à base de glutamato e ítrio(2019-12-09) Valença, Maria Eduarda de Goes; Falcão, Eduardo Henrique Lago; Vila Nova, Suzana Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7716018904442218; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0614524019382645; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5887132704910210This work focuses on the synthesis of new luminescent materials using as precursors the commercial monosodium glutamate and rare earth ions (yttrium, neodymium and europium), which presented a gel aspect. The methodology used follows a previous work, in which a material containing glutamate and neodymium was obtained. The hypothesis raised was that it would be possible to obtain a similar material replacing the neodymium by the yttrium, based on the similar chemical properties between these two metals. This substitution is justified by the fact that neodymium is about three times more expensive than yttrium. Initially, materials containing only glutamate and yttrium were obtained, which presented a gel aspect, varying the proportions between the metal and the ligand. The proportion (in millimol) that contains the smallest amount of metal in relation to the binder and still forms the material with gel aspect is 1:10, metal-ligand, respectively. However, the proportion chosen to continue the work was 1:5, because it was also employed in the previous work. To the yttrium and glutamate gel were added varying amounts (1 to 50% mol) of neodymium and europium in order to assign luminescent properties to the material. The characterization of the materials included the techniques of infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and luminescence spectroscopy. The infrared spectra of the material containing only yttrium and glutamate showed a profile similar to those of the material containing only neodymium and glutamate. The materials containing yttrium, neodymium and glutamate also followed the same profile, while those containing yttrium, europium and glutamate varied minimally. The Raman spectra of the yttrium and glutamate materials coincided with those of neodymium and glutamate. However, those of europium and glutamate materials varied substantially compared to the others. This suggests that the yttrium coordinates to the glutamate similarly to the neodymium does, but the europium coordinates differently. The luminescence spectra were obtained for the material containing only neodymium and for the material containing yttrium and neodymium. The characteristic Nd3+ transitions were observed, and the intensities varied according to the amount of neodymium present in each sample.Item Uma sequência didática para a abordagem da fissão e da fusão nuclear no Ensino Médio(2019-12-18) Silva, Maria Conceição Torres da; Simões Neto, José Euzébio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3560726840212196; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8251096339755832This study to analyze the contributions of a didactic sequence based on the three pedagogical moments in the construction of the concepts of fission and nuclear fusion in high school. For this, we use the pedagogy of the three pedagogical moments, having among the associated strategies a problem situation about the risks caused by nuclear energy. The lectures and videos on the beneficial use of nuclear fission and fusion also comprised the proposed material, which aimed to enrich the discussions that took place on the subject and enable the construction of concepts necessary to solve the problem situation. Twenty-four students from the second year of high school participated in the research. For data collection and construction, two forms of registration were used: writing and audio recordings. The data were analyzed qualitatively so that the results were systematized, highlighting the previous categorization used for the analysis of the answers given the problem situation. The students' participation was constant and significant in each stage, which allowed a good construction and reconstruction of their knowledge. The hypothesis survey made possible the structuring of the final answer from the knowledge construction along the proposed activities. The answers given to the problem situation show that the students used the information brought in the three different moments that make up the sequence. We highlight the teamwork and the desire to learn the scientific concepts on the part of the students, who were always interested in the approach taken. Finally the construction of a problem situation from a real context seems to us a good alternative for the construction of general concepts of radioactivity, mainly about nuclear fission and fusion, as it allows the development of scientific concepts and the construction of knowledge of a broad and differentiated perspective.Item Monitoramento geoquímico e ambiental de solos na Área de Proteção Ambiental Santa Cruz, Pernambuco - Brasil(2019-12-19) Cunha, Lilian Maria Gomes da; Moraes, Alex Souza; Santos, Jandyson Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4137257750865101; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0440163845324480; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1839740899121271The importance of the Santa Cruz Environmental Protection Area is attributed to its biodiversity and primary and secondary productivity, representing an ecological unit of great environmental and socioeconomic significance for the state of Pernambuco. The Santa Cruz Canal Estuarine Complex is recognized as an ecosystem quite vulnerable to pollution and contamination caused by improper land use and occupation. The analysis of heavy metals in soils (Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) was used to make situation graphs of the environmental liabilities in which the Santa Cruz APA is located. The results were compared with CONAMA resolution 420/2009 as a guiding model for the reference values of contaminated soil quality. Thus, it was observed that for the arsenic and cadmium elements there were values above the allowed values, suggesting that there is an environmental impact registered in the Santa Cruz EPA probably resulting from agricultural activities and local urban expansion. It can be concluded that there is a need for increased environmental monitoring in both soil sample quantity and environmental parameters, as evidence of environmental disturbances in areas of strategic interest such as APAs has been the result of research. that are in line with the needs of public management.Item Identificação química e atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais das folhas de Piper marginatum obtidos em meio ácido, básico e neutro(2019-12-18) Claudino, Líbna Larissa Monteiro; Ramos, Clécio Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3782004073843685; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1342247970543261The increasing resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to conventional antimicrobials has been faced as a worldwide public health problem. The generalized use of antimicrobials in the treatment of infections caused by pathogens indulges microbial resistance, rendering them ineffective. The search for new plant compounds becomes an innovative alternative as an excellent source of new bioactive molecules. This work aims to define the chemical composition, as well as to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Piper marginatum leaves in basic, acid and neutral environments. The collection of plant material was made in the reserve dois irmãos located in the city of Recife on the campus of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE). The essential oils extracted from Piper marginatum leaves were obtained by hydrodistillation technique, using Clevenger type apparatus and the identification of their chemical constituents were determined by GC-MS. To obtain the oil in acidic environments an acidic solution of sulfuric acid: nitric acid in the molar ratio (1: 1) was prepared, as well as to obtain in basic environments a basic solution of potassium hydroxide was prepared at a concentration of 5 Mol.L-1. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the MIC method (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration). The results showed that the oil obtained in acid environments had a better activity against gram-negative E. coli bacteria with a MIC of 78.1 μg/ml and the fungi C. Albicans and C. Utilis with a MIC of 312 μg/ml and 78.1 μg/ml respectively. The activities of oils in basic and neutral environments were considered moderate to weak for all microorganisms tested, and showed MIC ranging from 625 μg/ml to 2500 μg/ml for both oils. Regarding the identification of the constituents, the major compounds found in the oils obtained in the basic and neutral environments were Macrocarpene, and Z Asarone, respectively. These results contribute to the chemical and biological knowledge of P. Marginatum, which is widely publicized as an excellent plant for therapeutic purposes.Item Aspectos químicos no processo da hemodiálise: uma revisão bibliográfica(2019-12-19) França, Karla Cristina de Barros; Barros, Ivoneide de Carvalho Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5272867419216787; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3246658130040420Quality and safety are a constant concern of health units, and it is common to carry out risk assessments not only for patients, but also for employees and health professionals as it helps to minimize / reduce adverse effects. One of the most complex processes performed on a patient, among the many that are performed in health units is hemodialysis because it involves not only hemodialysis itself, but also care processes and numerous chemical compounds and technologies that can cause an adverse effect on the patient Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is the means available to prolong the life of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), with hemodialysis being the most accessible technique, but costly to health systems (public or private) in different parts of the world . In Brazil, in 2017, the Ministry of Health allocated 3.9 billion reais for the treatment of patients with CKD in RRT, covering costs with hospitalizations and medications. It is worth mentioning that this is the largest resource spent by the Ministry of Health for a specific service area in the Unified Health System (SUS). The prevalence rate of CKD has been increasing due to the aging of the population, increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. The development of new technologies such as automated proportioning machines and reusable dialyzers has allowed an exponential increase in dialysis patients. However, the increase in the number of patients on RRT exerts financial pressure on public and private health systems, which should worsen in the coming years. One way to reduce costs related to hemodialysis is the reprocessing of materials, essentially, the reuse of dialyzers. This bibliographic research work, qualitative and descriptive, has as main objective to discuss the evolution of the hemodialysis machine and the chemical components involved in this process. It is concluded that the knowledge of the technological evolution of dialyzers and the chemistry involved in the process can promote positioning to students in decision making and accountability regarding the role of chemistry, that is, its benefits and risks in the scope of human health (treatment in patients life-threatening), especially in RRT.Item Análise da construção de sentidos e significados sobre a reação de oxirredução pelos estudantes a partir de uma sequência didática sobre bafômetro(2019-12-19) Martins, Jorge da Silva; Amaral, Edenia Maria Ribeiro do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5241130686153506; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5508094144911539The main objective of the present monograph was to analyze the process of meaning construction and attribution of senses about the oxireduction reaction, experienced by students when they are engaged in structured activities in a teaching and learning sequence with the breathalyzer thematic. The methodological path was constituted by: planning and structuring a teaching and learning sequence (TLS), from the perspective of Méheut (2005) and the conceptual profile theory proposed by Mortimer (1995) to investigate the process of meaning construction, application and analysis of the steps experienced throughout the sequence. Amidst the steps of the sequence, two questionnaires were applied to a 3rd grade high school class, one for the survey of previous conceptions of oxireduction reactions and the other associated with an experimental activity of “breathalyzer simulation”. From the answers obtained, we observed that, in general, the students did not present well-constructed meanings about the definition of an oxireduction reaction and this is justified by the meanings they attribute to the concept, not having a closer relationship with the scientifically accepted meaning. Thus, through the conceptualization process, analyzed through the learning paths traced by the students, we realize how each individual understands the concepts from the senses and meanings that they attribute in their particularities. And that often in the process of appropriation of a scientific concept, it is common to make use of it without really mastering its significance, using only fluid senses that vary depending on the context.