TCC - Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (UAST)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/2932
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Visitantes dos nectários de Desmanthus pernambucanus (l.) Thellung (leguminosae): uma forrageira nativa da Caatinga(2023-09-21) Mello, Fernanda Antônia Gomes de; Silva, Ana Luiza da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4162831591004569; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1836241097746028Jureminha is a species that occurs in the caatinga biome and has forage potential among other economic importance. The objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity of floral visitors and visitors to the extrafloral nectaries of Desmanthus Pernambucanus and the influence of the visitation of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) on the reproductive success of the species. The work was divided into two stages, which was carried out in the city of Arcoverde-PE from November 2020 to February 2021 and in Serra Talhada-PE. To carry out the experiment, the method described by Campos & Zorzenon was used, where a cone is made of resistant material and placed on the plant together with solid petroleum jelly. The variables measured were: height and diameter of the stem. To determine floral and extrafloral visitors, monthly visits were made to plants in the experimental area of UFRPE-UAST and visitors were collected with the help of an entomological network. The experiment showed that ant influences contribute to the reproductive success of Desmanthus Pernambucanus, but the exclusion of ants favors herbivory and fruit production, interfering with its growth. Few species visited Desmanthus during the study period.Item Distribuição geográfica e status de conservação de espécies de Sebastiania spreng. (euphorbiacea) endêmicas do nordeste do Brasil.(2023-09-19) Magalhães, Thais Nunes; Melo, André Laurênio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0908553047440221; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6803077394499902Sebastiania Spreng. is a Neotropical taxon that is part of Hippomaneae, a tribe that has around 33 genera and approximately 300 species. In Brazil, the center of diversity of the genus, it is represented by nine species (S. brasiliensis, S. brevifolia, S. jacobinensis, S. larensis, S. macrocarpa, S. pteroclada, S. riparia, S. subsessilis and S. trinervia of which seven are endemic. The genus is distributed in theextraAmazonian portion of the country, with most species occurring inseasonally dry forests, especially in the caatinga and semi-deciduous forests of the Southeast, Center-West and South, rarely in the Atlantic Forest and, it is common, to be found inthe banks of rivers and streams.The present study aimed to evaluate the geographic distribution of Sebastiania species endemic to Northeast Brazil. This work recorded 3 species distributed across the region's phytophysiognomies, all of which are endemic to the Brazilian Northeast. The species chosen were Sebastiania brevifolia, S. jacobinensis and S. macrocarpa. A data collection was carried out using speciesLink, with the purpose of generating spread sheets with the occurrence data of the selected species. With this data, a map was generated with all the geographic distributions of the selected species using QGIS model 2.18.28. The Northeast regions that presented the highest degree of richness in the number of specimens were Bahia, Pernambuco and Ceará, followed bySergipe, Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba. Among the species analyzed, S. macrocarpa was the one with the widest distribution, having records in the states of Bahia, Pernambuco, Ceará, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. Sebastiania jacobinensis was distributed in four states (Bahia, Pernambuco, Ceará and Sergipe) and S. brevifolia was distributed in only three states (Bahia, Pernambuco and Ceará). According to their conservation status according to IUCN (2019), S. brevifolia and jacobinensis are considered of little concern due to their range of occurrence and may be considered endangered. S. macrocarpa is now considered tobe of concern, according to IUCN criteria (2019), also presenting it as endangeredItem Ocupação de ninhos-armadilha por abelhas e vespas solitárias (Hymenoptera, Aculeata)(2023-09-22) Silva, Mirella Cruz de Sa e; Oliveira, Mikail Olinda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4962593504082966; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9886581010910725The present study aimed to analyze the occupation and acceptance of trap nests by solitary bees and wasps (Hymenoptera, Aculeata), as well as identify possible nesting preferences. The Experiment was carried out on the campus of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, during the months of November 2022 to July 2023. Observations were carried out weekly, during eight months of sampling. To carry out the sampling, four cylindrical wooden blocks (CB) (n=100) were used, with cavities with diameters of 6 and 8mm. The CBs were made with high-density native wood (Astronium urundeuva (M.Allemão) Engl.), untreated. The results showed that 58 nests were founded during the study period. The nesting activity of solitary bees was higher than that of solitary wasps throughout the study period. There was a preference for occupying cavities with 6mm in diameter, ensured by a significant statistical difference (p<0.0001), when compared to occupying cavities with 8mm in diameter. Three types of materials used to close the end of the nests were identified, with clay being the least frequent material with 13.79% of the total nests, while resin was the second most used with 39.66%, followed by the aggregate of mixtures with resin, with the highest proportion 46.55%. The results indicated that the species that nested in the study area prefer narrower cavities. Furthermore, the present study highlights the uncertainty of the influence of the environment on the nesting activity of solitary species, and it is ideal to adopt caution when choosing the location for installing trap nests.Item Levantamento do uso de plantas medicinais em bairros da cidade de Buíque, Pernambuco, Brasil(2023-05-03) Silva, Arianne de Andrade da; Ramos, Eduardo Henrique da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0508987795451323; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505676846531198The use of plants for therapeutic purposes is an ancient practice that is still used today. This practice is transmitted between people from generation to generation, characterizing traditional knowledge. The objective of this research was to report which medicinal plants are used by people in the city of Buíque-PE, as well asto report the forms of use and therapeutic indications of the mentioned plants. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with open questionnaires and the selection of participants was made using the non-probabilistic convenience sampling technique. After data collection, Use Value (VU) and Relative Importance (RI) calculations were performed in order to find out which species were most important for the studied population. Respondents from the municipality of Buíque make use of 55 medicinal plants, the most used being lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and lemon balm (Lippia alba). The mentioned plants are used to prepare teas by infusion, the leaves being the most used plant part. Lemongrass and lemon balm were the plants with the highest VU and IR and are used for diseases of the body systems Infectious or parasitic diseases, Diseases of the digestive system and Diseases of the nervous system, the main diseases being flu, stomach ache, anxiety and pain. This study contributed to documenting local traditional knowledge about medicinal plants and their uses, helping to maintain and disseminate this knowledge.Item Performance do crescimento de mudas em diferentes estratégias de manejo como uma ação para recomposição e diversidade biológica de um ambiente em regeneração(2022-06-06) Souza, Marisa Adriana Gonçalves de; Souza, Luciana Sandra Bastos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1186468548787818; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0145072454700159In regions with a semi-arid climate, abiotic (ie, low rainfall, high incidence of factors, shallow and saline soils, nutritional deficit, etc.) recomposition of degraded areas, in addition to contributing to the increase of the biosphere and atmosphere. Currently, they cite the restoration of important work in process, using different management strategies. The adoption of practices aimed at restoring the environment becomes essential for maintaining environmental balance. Based on this, we analyzed the aspects of the effects of different management techniques on the biometrics of seedlings of five species, Anadenanthera colubrina (Angico branco), Cratylia argentea, (Camaratuba), Libidibia ferrea, (Pau ferro), Handroanthus impetiginosus (ipê – purple) ) and Sesbania bispinosa. The work is subdivided into two chapters: 1) Bibliographic review which was highlighted as the main adaptive strategies of plants of the bio caatinga format, as well as the use of different strategies used to recompose anthropized areas, and scientific 2) no. it comes from an experiment that sought to analyze the biometry and survival of the fauna of the caatinga in scientific initiation, with the purpose of enriching an area in a working state, aiming at the diversity of this environment. Therefore, an experiment was carried out between December 2021 and May 2022, at the Academic Unit of Serra Talhada (UAST/UFRPE). Seedlings of five species: Anadenanthera colubrina (Angico white). Cratylia argen, (Camaratuba)bidtea ferrea, Handroanthus impetiginosus (pei – purple) and Sesbania bispinosa were subjected to different management strategies: T1 = Control, T2= soil + hydrogel, T3= compost and T4= hydrogel + compost in an area of Caatinga in design. In average intervals of 8 days, the biometric knowledge parameters of the species were created: Height of the plant diameter (DC, mm), count of the number of leaves (NF) and the average of the canopy area (AC) ) (North - South; East - West). Data were selected for analysis of variance and comparison of means was performed using Tukey's test at a 5% probability level. What use of the hydrogel, organic compound + organic compound, we did not account for the variables among the variables. In this, the land use only aspect considered for better results and with the creation of low cost systems. The nucleation proved to be efficient for several biologicals in the environment and in this aspect, there was a better growth of angico followed by pau ferro.Item Bactérias do mel de abelhas sem ferrão (apidae: meliponini) com potencial antagônico a microrganismos patogênicos de interesse para saúde humana(2021-12-13) Figueroa, Marcos Vinicius; Fernandes, Hélio de Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6890648212766368; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0173708664534934Stingless bee colonies are a natural reservoir of microorganisms that may be present in honey, pollen and other microenvironments throughout the nest. Bees, like other social insects, have complex symbiotic interactions that, throughout evolution, provided an ecological interaction that helped preserve the hives, favouring the life of these insects and giving them a survival advantage. Several microorganisms associated with stingless bees, mainly sporulating bacteria of the Bacillus genus, produce substances that inhibit the growth of competing microorganisms that contaminate and deteriorate the food stored in the hives. In this context, this work aimed to isolate bacteria from stingless bees of the apidae: meliponini group to verify the capacity of the microbiota against pathogenic microorganisms of interest to human health. In the antagonism test, samples of honey from Melipona asilvai with 10-1 to 10-4 dilutions were used, which were then submitted to hyperthermia in a water bath at 80˚C. Ten sporogenic bacterial morphotypes were selected and submitted to an antagonism test, but only six inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria with an inhibition halo ranging from 1 to 3 mm. Honey samples from M. subnitida, scaptotrigona sp and Friosiomelitta stored for more than two years and from Melipona asilvai showed absence of yeasts, filamentous fungi and thermotolerant total coliforms. All honey samples showed total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, in concentrations ranging from 2.9 x 104 a 9.79 x 104 CFU/g of honey. Although honey has high concentrations of sugars that inhibit microbial growth, several bacteria are able to resist high osmotic pressure and survive in this substrate, making it a natural reservoir of microorganisms that end up being beneficial to the colony and serving as a barrier against contaminating microorganisms.Item O papel de traços funcionais na resposta de espécies arbóreas da Caatinga às mudanças climáticas(2022-10-07) Rodrigues, Vitória Régia do Amaral; Silva, Edgar Alberto do Espírito Santo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7405327016978544; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0278987007242215Studies show that there will be an increase in global temperature. Dry environments can become even more arid. Evidences indicate that the Caatinga is highly modified by human actions and poorly protected. Attributes such as leaf area, wood density and potential height are linked to resource use by plants, in this way they can be used to better project their potential distribution. It was hypothesized that, with increasing aridity, plants with smaller leaf area, higher wood density and lower potential height would be more favored in future scenarios. We analyzed three climate scenarios, one current and two future for 2081-2100, to simulate the response of functional traits to the effects of climate change regarding the distribution of 90 tree species. We used the MIROC-ES2L climate model for optimistic (SSP2-4.5) and pessimistic (SSP5-8.5) scenarios of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels, with a resolution of 2.5 minutes (~ 21.4 km²). The results indicate that plants with larger leaf areas will show less area reduction within the Caatinga. However, wood density and potential height were not well correlated with the model. From the analysis we can infer that leaf area can be used as a functional attribute capable of predicting and explaining the potential distribution of tree species in the Brazilian Caatinga. The Caatinga may present a loss of adequate habitat for occurrences of the species, therefore, it is necessary to develop more sustainable practices for the use of natural resources, as well as the creation of areas of environmental protection.Item Avaliação da criação de unidades de conservação na Caatinga(2020-11-06) Silva, Alex Carlos Ramos; Silva, Edgar Alberto do Espírito Santo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7405327016978544; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0807400894539610The priority areas for conservation are one of the instruments of public policy aimed at making decisions and measures that are appropriate for the conservation of ecosystems. It is the identification of areas for the implementation of measures such as the creation of Conservation Units. This work aimed to analyze whether the Conservation Units created during the period of the 1st and 2nd update of priority areas for conservation have a larger area within priority areas whose main action was the creation of Conservation Units, as well as within priority areas with highest priority for action and biological importance. The data were analyzed and processed using the multiplatform geographic information system, QGIS 3.14. It was observed that the creation of Conservation Units is in part not following the established patterns of priority actions.Item Fungos endofíticos em Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud. Leguminosae, no Semiárido pernambucano(2019) Leite, Isnaelia Gonçalves; Costa, Cynthia Maria Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9859547718446795; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7234066240200376Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that are present in plants and can colonize inter or intracellular various organs, establishing a mutualist relationship with the host. They can be associated with different plant species, including medicinal ones, producing secondary metabolites of biotechnological interest such as antibiotics. Therefore, the objective of this work was to isolate and taxonomically identify the endophytic fungi present in leaves of Bauhinia cheilantha (cowpaw, mororó) collected in Pernambuco semiarid, as well as to evaluate compound with antimicrobial potential. After random leaf collection and disinfection, 140 fragments were removed to isolate the endophytes in 20 Petri dishes containing Sabouraud Agar medium. Of these, 10 plates were kept at room temperature and 10 were stored in a greenhouse at 30 ° C for five days. Subsequently, isolation peaks were performed in pure culture for seven days. Thirty isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained, of which 17 were submitted to the antimicrobial activity test in Müeller Hinton agar solid medium against potentially pathogenic bacteria. No antimicrobial activity was observed under the tested conditions, however, five genera were identified: Alternaria sp., Bipolaris sp., Colletotrichum sp., Nigrospora sp. and Drecheslera sp., which constitute the first report, so far, endophytic fungi present in B. cheilantha for Pernambuco semiarid.