TCC - Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (UAST)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/2932
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Item Quantificação, identificaçãoe bioprospecção de fungos cultiváveis, de solo em recuperação, no semiárido Pernambucano(2018) Silva, Maiara Adriano da; Siqueira, Virgínia Medeiros de; Costa, Cynthia Maria Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9859547718446795; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5524459744893735; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6266469936903681Oil microbial communities suffer interference from biotic and abiotic factors, and in the case of semi-arid, these communities are subject to low water availability, high temperatures andhigh incidence of solar radiation. These conditions require high adaptation of these organisms, which may represent an important source of metabolites of interest to biotechnology. In this way, this work aimed at the study of the dynamics of the fungal community of soil in recovery of the semi -arid Pernambucano collected in the Conservation Unit State Park Mata da Pimenteira, in the municipality of Serra Talhada -PE. In order to do so, the soils were collected in two seasonal periods (one in the rainy season and two in the dry season) and the isolation and quantification of total fungi and thermophilic, osmotic and halophilic fungi were carried out.Antimicrobial and enzymatic activity tests of these fungi were also carried out. In collection 1 (rainy season) the highest quantification was obtained with 2.3 x 10⁷ CFU / mL of mesophilic fungi; from the same collection it was possible to isolate all groups. In collections 2 and 3 (drought period), the highest quantification was 7.33 x 10⁶ and 5.0 x 10⁶ CFU / mL of osmotic and mesophilic fungi, respectively. There was no isolation of halophilic fungi in samples 2 and 3. Of the 22 isolates selected and submitted to the test of antimicrobial activity, the isolate 11 (Fusarium sp.) With a halo of 8.33 mm in diameter was distinguished from Bacillus subtilis. Eighteen of the twenty fungi tested showed enzymatic activity with degradation of at least one tested substrate. These results allow establishinga correlation between the characteristics of the soils and the areas where they were collected, with the microbial populations found, besides valuing the biotechnological diversity and potential of the isolated microorganisms.Item Uso de microhabitat e atividade de forrageio de escorpiões da Caatinga, em função da luminosidade lunar(2018) Barros, Ana Maria Tavares de; Almeida, Cauê Guion de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2072654463873094; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9772502563268635The Caatinga biome is one of the great natural regions of Brazil and is marked by its rich biodiversity. However, current research regarding this biodiversity is insufficient and, in the specific case of scorpion species, studies are especially needed. The present work investigates the foraging strategies of the scorpion speciesJaguajir rochae(Borelli, 1910), Bothriurus asperPocock, 1893, and Bothriurus rochaiMello-Leitão, 1932, within an area of the Caatinga, in order to analyze the possible occurrence of microhabitat overlap during foraging of these three species according to lunar luminosity and to determine the impact on foraging activity for Bothriurus asperor Bothriurus rochaidue to the abundance of Jaguajir rochae. Data was collected nocturnally in the Pollizadores Trail, in the municipalityof Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, between March and September of 2017. Scorpions were located utilizing an ultraviolet light and data was recorded for collection date, species, sex, exposure, microhabitat and activity. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing the program PAST, version 3.06. During 102 hours of field research, 262 total specimens were found with the research sample composed of 101 males,127 femalesand 34 unclassified juveniles. There was no correlation found between lunar luminosity and scorpion abundance, and nosignificant relation was found for microhabitat overlap and lunar luminosity and there was no abundance correlation found for bothriuridae and Jaguajir rochae.Item Estudo etnoornitológico em comunidade quilombola do entorno da Serra do Giz, Afogados da Ingazeira, Pernambuco, Brasil(2018) Veras, Aurea Palloma Bezerra Barbosa; Fernandes, Alexandre Mendes; Almeida, Cauê Guion de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2072654463873094; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0273567197386804; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1108361034364482The biological, utilitarian, sociocultural and socio-affective relationships between humans and birds are understood and studied by ethno-ornithology. The present research had as objective to investigate about the meanings, symbolic representations and the diverse relationships existing between the inhabitants of a quilombola community of the semiarid of Pernambuco and the birds of Serra do Giz to address the role that the community can play in the conservation of birds in this area and its environment. For this, 23 individuals were interviewed through semi-structured script, complemented by free interviews and informal conversations, as well as visual materials. 147 vernacular names were registered, referring to 110 species, distributed in 21 orders and 40 families. We studied aspects related to bird naming criteria, nesting, reproductive behavior, feeding habits and social behavior. Twenty-eight birds were registered as predictors of events (changes in time, death, omens, home visits, luck and bad luck). We investigated aspects related to the use of birds, the informants’ conceptions regarding their conservation and the transmission of ethno-ornithological knowledge. The disappearance of several birds from the Serra do Giz and its surroundings was mostly attributed to drought and hunting (capture for illegal trade, breeding and food). It was verified that the information of the popular knowledge, for the most part, matches with the scientific literature, proving that the inhabitants of the community know the biological and ecological aspects of the birds and maintains sociocultural relationships with them. As Serra do Giz is a new area that is in the process of being to become conservation unit, it is important to develop research involving the surrounding communities for wild birds’ conservation, since the ethnoornithological knowledge can strengthen the scientific literature and be an ally in the elaboration of conservation strategies along with researchers and other agencies.Item Atividade antimicrobiana de probióticos comerciais frente à enterobactérias prejudiciais ao homem(2018) Santos, Larissa da Conceição; Costa, Cynthia Maria Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9859547718446795; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1738865984772199Probiotics are supplements of living microorganisms that confer benefits to the host. As a result of some change in the intestinal microbiota, probiotics are prescribed in an attempt to reverse imbalances caused by possible opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. Thus, in order to know the potential of probiotics marketed in pharmacy, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Floratil®) Saccharomyces boulardii(Florax®) Bacillus cereus(Biovicerin®) and Bacillus clausii(Enterogermina®) was quantified in solid medium and compare with the manufacturer, to test the antimicrobial activity of probiotics individually, as well as the association of these with Lactobacillussp. (Isis ® fermented milk) in solid and liquid media against enterobacteria. The colony forming units count (UFC / mL) was performed by serial dilution and sowing in Petri dishes with Nutrient Agar (for bacteria) and Sabouraud Agar (for yeasts). The Petri dishes were incubated at 30 ° C for 24 and 48 hours for the growth of bacteria and yeasts and then quantification of the plaques that presented between 20 and 200 CFU / mL. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated from the growth of probiotics individually and their association with Lactobacillussp. in solid medium by the agar diffusion technique, which consisted in inoculating 15 mm discs onthe surface of the previously seeded Mueller Hinton agar, Escherichia coli, Salmonellasp. Klebsiellasp. and Citrobacter freundii. Antimicrobial activity of probiotic growth in liquid medium was also performed, with each probiotic extract in Mueller Hinton agar with the previously seeded bacteria. In addition, probiotic activity was also increased by the association of these with Lactobacillus sp. in liquid medium, in which, after their growth, each partner underwent two treatment conditions by placing 5 mL of the probiotic in two tubes of Falcon (15 mL) where one received ethanol (polar solvent) and the other 5 mL of acetate (apolar solvent) submitted to three hours under stirring, then 20 μl of the supernatant were pipetted from the tubes and inoculated onto the discs which were on the surface of the Mueller Hinton agar with the previously seeded test bacteria. All tests were performed in riplicates, incubated at 37ºC, with results obtained after 24 hours by the formation or not of the inhibition halo. There was no antimicrobial activity against the enterobacteria tested. Several factors should be taken into account when dealing with the metabolic action of microorganisms, under the conditions, in vitro, tested in this work.Item Dilatação traqueal em três espécies de abelhas: Trigona spinipes, Scaptotrigona sp. e Apis mellifera(2018) Santos, Érika Millena da Silva; Melo, Hélio Fernandes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6890648212766368; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3090807086261837During Earth's history, the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere oscillated to such an extent that the insect group began to morphologically adapt to the new oxygen concentrations over time. Thus, the most adequate mechanism for the breathing process by this group is the tracheal system, which is composed of a network of internal tubes connected to orifices that connect with the external environment, in order to capture the oxygen present in the atmosphere. Oxygen will be consumed to a greater or lesser amount bythe insects, depending on the intensity of their metabolicactivities. Among the most active insects are bees that constantly need a large intake of oxygen in order to meet their biological needs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the species of bees (Trigona spinipes, Scaptotrigona sp.and Apis mellifera) regarding their tracheal dilatation, comparing them to each other. The bees were captured through active collection, with a total of 150 individuals, 50 individuals of each species. The area of the collection was the surroundings of the Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus Serra Talhada. Subsequently, the individuals were weighed on an analytical scale to obtain the initial mass value of each one. They were then placed in a 60-ml syringe with a valve attached and submerged in a solution containing 1% Triton X-100, in which movements of back and forth was performed in the syringe plunger, so that the liquid could enter in the animal's body and fill its entire tracheal system. The insects were weighed again to obtain the final mass. By weighing the individuals before and after being emerged in the solution, the tracheal dilatation (%) was obtained. Finally, it was observed that the native bees had a greater tracheal dilation compared to ape mellifera, and that this result could be related to a lower respiratory rate in the Meliponini species.Item A relação e os acidentes com serpentes em populações do entorno do Parque Estadual Mata da Pimenteira, Pernambuco, Brasil(2018) Lima, Camilla Taiana Patriota; Almeida, Cauê Guion de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2072654463873094; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6727751523414288Since ancient times, civilizations have lived alongside snakes and the relationship between man and these reptiles has changed over time according to the culture of each region. In the Mata da Pimenteira State Park, located inthe Brazilian semiarid region, various species of native wildlife are under pressure by human populations that reside in the area. Understanding the dynamics of these relationships is of fundamental importance to developing and carrying out management strategies. Therefore, the present study describes the resident’s perception of the reptiles in the rural communities around the State Park of Mata da Pimenteira, as well as the procedures in case of accidental encounters with venomous snakes. We interviewed 57 individuals in a semi-structured format, complemented by free interviews and informal conversations. These interviews revealed an antagonistic relationship between snakes and the residents of the Mata da Pimenteira State Park. However, this should not be accepted as justification for indiscriminate killing given the importance of these animals and the significant environmental damage that would result from such action. Fear, lack of knowledge, and the inability to identify venomous snake species must allbe addressed through public education policies and actions aimed at informing the public about the important roles that venomous and non-venomous snakes play in the environment. Public policies and projects for bite prevention, as well as treatment, in the case of venomous snakebites are also fundamental.Item Ambiente marinho: percepção ambiental dos estudantes do ensino fundamental II de uma escola pública do sertão de Pernambuco(2018-08-28) Magalhães, Géssica Natália de Moura; Andrade, Luciana de Matos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2869096516724379The studies focused on the understanding of environmental perception among students are indispensable, since they enable the researcher to understand how the student perceives the environment, as well as serve to convey information about its operation. The present study aimed to evaluate the marine environmental perception of Junior High School students (6th to 9th grade) of a public state school in Serra Talhada's county, PE, using the techniques of children's graphics. Data collection took place in November and December 2017, with 44 Junior High School students (6th to 9th grade), enrolled in a state public school, located in Serra Talhada's county, PE. The methodological procedure consisted of three stages: 1. Performing children's artwork; 2. Educational action "lecture"; 3. New realization of children's drawings. The marine environmental perception of the evaluated students in Serra Talhada-PE is Naturalistic / Naturalizing and Globalizing / Integrated this reflects a vision of the untouched nature and even if the man is in this environmental scenario his participation must be based on environmental sustainability. The geographical position of the municipality of Serra Talhada-PE seems to influence the marine environmental perception of the evaluated students who see the sea only with its natural faunistic and floristic aspects as if they were in a parallel world in a decontextualized reality and when coming in contact with the information of this one project began to perceive a reality previously unknown and to demonstrate through the children's drawing the participation of man in a sustainable way, as well as his anthropogenic actions. The educational lecture about the marine environment promoted after the elaboration of the first drawings, without any previous contact or supply of any information on oceanography given in this project, made understand the marine universe of the students and from this, to improve their knowledge, since only after the second drawings could be seen as future agents multiplying environmental sustainability. However, it is essential to emphasize from experience that research with environmental perception needs to aggregate several instruments of data collection in order to perceive, understand and feel the relationships that human beings have with the environment.Item Técnicas de análise de danos em DNA e cromossomos: uma revisão sistemática de literatura(2019) Aquino, Isabele Naiara da Silva; Gusmão, Cássia Lima Silva Gusmão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8640733451355792; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0199486740137658The evaluation of DNA and chromosome damage is an important tool in the identification and classification of mutations, and can be done through the use of specific genetic techniques. With this, this work had as objective to carry through a bibliographical survey referring the main techniques used in the evaluation of the damages in DNA and chromosomes, observing the types of mutations provoked by the exposure to genotoxic agents and verifying the diverse uses of the techniques in the environmental and human monitoring. To this end, the bibliographic survey was carried out in the Online databases at Google Scholar, SciElo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Medline, Lilacs, Pubmed and in the Thesis Bank of the CAPES Journal, considering the following keywords: Cytogenetic", "DNA damage", "biomarkers", "mutagenic agents" and "genotoxicity". The studies carried out in the periods between 2009 and 2018 were considered. As a result, 300 scientific publications on cytogenetic tests for evaluation of DNA and chromosome damage, of which 40 studies were on the Allium cepa test, 35 were on the micronucleus test, 30 on the comet test, 25 publications on the Ames test, 10 on the chromosomal defects test, 20 on the Fluorescent in situ hybridization technique and 25 on the SMART test. The identification of substances, molecules and physical agents that damage DNA allow the elaboration of measures that minimize the impacts caused by constant exposure to genotoxic and mutagenic agents.Item Frequência de parasitos em águas provenientes de bebedouros em instituições de ensino localizadas na cidade de Serra Talhada – PE(2019) Novaes, Amanda Teresa da Silva; Lima, Marilene Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9135077184593725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7702324894640501Water is an indispensable element in people's lives, but it can bring health risks. There are few studies on waterborne parasites, most of them reports on Coliform bacteria. Thus, parasitological analysis of water from drinking fountains plays a key role, as children, adolescents and young people spend most of their day in these educational institutions. Thus the objective of this work was to evaluate the contamination by parasites in waters from drinking fountains located in educational institutions in the city of Serra Talhada - PE. The experiment was based on the principles of the spontaneous sedimentation technique of Hoffman, Pons and Janer (1934). Thirty water samples were collected from ten educational institutions. The collection took place in the morning and was randomly drawn from both the water cooler and the tap, once collected were analyzed at the Biology Laboratory of the Rural Federal University of Pernambuco Serra Talhada Academic Unit (LABIOO). The results showed that 20% (6/30) of the samples showed positive results for protozoan, nematode and arthropod. According to the results it was also possible to observe the diversity among the drinking fountains in the educational institutions, as well as the observation of the conditions of these drinking fountains. It is concluded that there is a prevalence of parasites in drinking fountains belonging to educational institutions, and should be zero the amount of parasites found in water, since this is for human consumption.Item Fungos endofíticos em Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud. Leguminosae, no Semiárido pernambucano(2019) Leite, Isnaelia Gonçalves; Costa, Cynthia Maria Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9859547718446795; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7234066240200376Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that are present in plants and can colonize inter or intracellular various organs, establishing a mutualist relationship with the host. They can be associated with different plant species, including medicinal ones, producing secondary metabolites of biotechnological interest such as antibiotics. Therefore, the objective of this work was to isolate and taxonomically identify the endophytic fungi present in leaves of Bauhinia cheilantha (cowpaw, mororó) collected in Pernambuco semiarid, as well as to evaluate compound with antimicrobial potential. After random leaf collection and disinfection, 140 fragments were removed to isolate the endophytes in 20 Petri dishes containing Sabouraud Agar medium. Of these, 10 plates were kept at room temperature and 10 were stored in a greenhouse at 30 ° C for five days. Subsequently, isolation peaks were performed in pure culture for seven days. Thirty isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained, of which 17 were submitted to the antimicrobial activity test in Müeller Hinton agar solid medium against potentially pathogenic bacteria. No antimicrobial activity was observed under the tested conditions, however, five genera were identified: Alternaria sp., Bipolaris sp., Colletotrichum sp., Nigrospora sp. and Drecheslera sp., which constitute the first report, so far, endophytic fungi present in B. cheilantha for Pernambuco semiarid.Item Avaliação da produção de amilase e protease por fungos filamentosos de solos no Semiárido pernambucano(2019) Freires, Ariane Susan Santos; Costa, Cynthia Maria Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9859547718446795; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0685613862543810The fungal soil communities suffer both quantitative and diversity interference caused by biotic and abiotic factors, and in the case of semi-arid soils, they are subject to low water availability, high temperatures and high solar radiation influences directly on the soil. development of these microorganisms. Thus, the objective of this work was to isolate and evaluate the enzymatic activity (amylase and protease) of filamentous fungi of Pernambucano semiarid soils collected at different times in the Mata da Pimenteira State Park Conservation Unit, in the municipality of Serra Talhada - PE. Soil collections were performed in August 2018 and April 2019, at three random points. Isolation of the fungi was performed by serial dilution technique using the Potato Dextrose Agar (BDA) and Sabouraud Agar (SAB) culture media added with chloramphenicol (for the inhibition of bacterial growth) in Petri dishes and incubated at room temperature. environment for seven days. After this period, the fungal colonies were quantified and, based on their morphotype, some were selected for the enzymatic tests of protease and amylase activity. As a result, 43 fungal colonies were isolated and a (CFU / g) quantification of (repeat 1), (repeat 2), (repeat 3) in BDA and SAB culture media, respectively, in the dry season and and (repeat 1), and (repeat 2), (repeat 3) in the BDA and SAB media respectively in the rainy season. Regarding the enzymatic potential 18 isolates were good producers of amylase and protease with emphasis on D8 identified as Aspergillus sp. which obtained greater degradation halos for both amylase and protease, with averages of 3.5 and 3.93 cm, respectively; and I3 also identified as Aspergillus sp. had a larger degradation halo for protease with 5.6 cm, both obtained during the drought period. In the rainy season, I9 (Isolated 4) and D9 (Aspergillus sp.) Stood out, which showed degradation halos of 3.5 and 4.16 cm for amylase and protease, respectively. The isolated fungi in this work have biotechnological importance, emphasizing how necessary is the preservation of habitats for the maintenance of microbial species associated with them.Item Desempenho de espécies vegetais conduzidas em sistemas agroflorestais e irrigadas com água cinza na Região do Sertão do Pajeú(2019) Silva, Hugo Felipe da; Barros Júnior, Genival; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4379675294862211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6296491328478393The increasing demand for water in the Brazilian semiarid region has led farmers to seek local solutions to increase the supply of this important input to crops that feed their families and herds. This has already driven small-scale wastewater use in many communities or sites in the region. In this perspective the present work aimed to analyze the performance of fruit and forage plants conducted in Agroforestry Systems, under drip irrigation condition with filtered gray water and rainfed regime under semiarid climate conditions in Sertão do Pajeú, in the municipalities of Flores and Triunfo, in Pernambuco, Brazil. The plant evaluation period was from September 2018 to January 2019, in which the morphometric characteristics of the orange (Citrus sp.), Mango (Mangifera indica L.), soursop (Annona muricata L.), and gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunthex Walp.), as well as forage palm clones Mexican Elephant Ear (OEM) (Opuntia stricta var. IPA-200016 (Haw.) Haw.) IPA Sertânia (IS) and Doce Young (DM) of the species (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck) of the varieties IPA-200205 and IPA-100004, respectively. Stem diameter (DC) and plant height (AP) were evaluated, and for palm clones it was evaluated beyond plant height (AP), plant width (LP), the number of cladodes per plant (NCP). first, second and third order, as well as the determination of the leaf area (AC) calculation through mathematical models; In addition to these parameters, the survival rate and growth rate of these plant species were determined. The use of gray water positively influenced the performance of plants when compared to those conducted under rainfed regime, obtaining superior results, both in growth and in plant survival, in the cultivated molds of the Agroforestry Systems conducted. by farming families. This shows that filtered gray water can be reused, especially in periods of water scarcity, reducing the level of environmental contamination and improving the performance of Agroforestry Systems in the semiarid region, becoming another resource to improve the quality of life of rural households of this region.Item Favaliação da atividade alelopática do extrato aquoso de Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby sobre o desenvolvimento de plântulas de Lactuca sativa l.(2019) Medeiros, Luanna Torres de; Saraiva, Rogério de Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6812072552819682; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8680775638977616Allelopathy is understood as a process that occurs in plant communities, where species act through mechanisms capable of interfering with the growth and development of other plants, through the release of chemicals, also called allelochemicals, which are derived from processes that cause they occur naturally in their secondary metabolism and subsequently deposited on the substrate. These allelochemicals may perform harmful or advantageous actions when in contact with other plants present in the same environment, depending on the amount and circumstances in which they are in place. Senna siamea (Lam) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, popularly known as canafistula or cassia-siam is originally from Thailand, but widely found in the Brazilian semiarid region, which has abundant application in landscape use, shading and various ethnopharmacological research. Considering the large dispersal of S. siamea species throughout the Brazilian Northeast, we aimed to evaluate its allelopathic activity on the development of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seedlings. For this, 25 L. sativa seeds were placed in Petri dishes, and at the same time different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100) of the aqueous extract of Senna siamea leaves were added, followed by The seeded plates wererelocated to a germination chamber where they remained for seven days under daily monitoring. The analyzes were performed through measurements of seedling root and hypocotyls and phytotoxicity bioassays and phytochemical tests, from which the presence of secondary metabolites classes such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds were detected. From this, an inhibitory effect was observed in relation to lettuce seedlings, which was observed by observing the root and hypocotyl length, decrease of vigor, presence of necrosis and reduction of chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Based on the knowledge obtained, it is possible to evidence that this plant species has relevant potential as a source of chemical compounds with significant biotechnological properties in the production of natural herbicides for less aggressive use against the weeds, besides the search for more information for proper use of plant species that have allelopathic potential.Item Avaliação da germinação e do crescimento inicial de plântulas de Lactuca sativa L. expostas ao cloreto de alumínio em microambiente(2019) Pádua, Lisandra Celeste da Silva; Saraiva, Rogério de Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6812072552819682; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1077354209259707Aluminum when in low soil concentrations can promote growth or even other benefits to plants. However, in acidic soils (pH <5) this metal can cause phytotoxic effects on plants, becoming one of the limiting factors for their growth. The present study aimed to evaluate the phytotoxicity of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on the germination and initial development of Lactuca sativa L. For this purpose, aqueous solutions of AlCl3 were prepared at concentrations of 0 mg.L-1, 5 mg.L-1,10 mg.L-1, 50 mg.L-1 and 100 mg.L-1. Followed by the application of 3 mL of each solution in Petri dishes containing 25 lettuce seeds each, germinated in a B.O.D (Biochemical Oxigen Demand) chamber lasting seven days. The parameters used to evaluate Al phytotoxicity were: root length, hypocotyl and total, root diameter, NSG / day, IVG, vigor, IT chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and physicochemical parameters. Considering the phytotoxic effects of aluminum demonstrated by the reduction in root size, hypocotyl, total length and increase of root diameter of the seedlings that received the aluminum treatments, the seedlings that received the treatment with the highest concentration showed to be less tolerant to aluminum, however germination, IVG, vigor and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were not negatively affected by aluminum. Thus it can be concluded that aluminum, despite causing root damage, was not sufficient to inhibit the initial development of lettuce seedlings.Item Análise microbiológica de água de torneiras residenciais no município de Serra Talhada-PE(2019) Gomes, Maryelle Adja de Freitas; Siqueira, Virgínia Medeiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5524459744893735; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0954723255699530Water can undergo chemical and biological variations along distribution systems, changing their quality when it reaches the consumer. This causes concern throughout, since inappropriate drinking water directly affects public health once water may act as a vehicle for pathogenic microorganisms of enteric origin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of tap water in residences in five districts Serra Talhada-PE's municipality, as well as to analyze the effectiveness of alternative treatments such as filtration and chlorination. The samples were collected in pre-sterilized and aseptically flashed glass vials and were fractionated in three sub-samples: without treatment (ST), treated with sodium hypochlorite (T-NaCl) and filtration with microporous porcelain filters (T-Filt). All subsamples were submit to the research and quantification of total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms and total bacteria, using methodology described by the American Public Health Association (APHA). For this, the technique of multi-tubes for 3 tubes and quantification by the Most Probable Number (NMP) and Colony Forming Units (CFU) were used. As results, two of the five subsamples (ST) presented quantification of 43 NMP and 23 NMP/mL for total coliforms, and of 7.4 NMP/mL and 3.6 NMP / mL for thermotolerant coliforms, thus being considered inappropriate human consumption according to Portaria 518/2004 of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. Regarding the analysis of total bacteria, no sample had CFU higher than 500 CFU / mL, being therefore within the required standard. The treatment with hypochlorite showed efficiency in the reduction of total bacteria, total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms. Regarding filtration, there was an increase in microbial density in relation to the ST samples, indicating a possible contamination in the ceramic filters. However, for this same treatment (T-Filt), the results were negative for total and thermotolerant coliforms, indicating that this method was effective in the elimination of these microorganisms. It is assumed that the two samples that presented thermotolerant coliforms were contaminated by the reservoir of the residences, or the contamination comes from the pipelines of the supply network. In addition, alternative treatment using hypochlorite has proved effective and may be indicated for households that use tap water for human consumption.Item Atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Croton tetradenius Baill frente a espécies de bactérias patogênicas(2019) Silva, Maria Aliny Nathalia Almeida; Silva, Ana Luiza da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4162831591004569; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1069558787287430Medicinal plants of northeastern Caatinga are widely used in folk medicine by local communities, due to the therapeutic potential they present. Bacterial resistance to multiple drugs has increased in recently due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, generating the need for new broad spectrum drugs. Essential oils are known to be complex mixtures of volatile, lipophilic and odorous organic compounds that have numerous constituents due to secondary metabolites. This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Croton tetradenius (Euphorbiaceae) essential oil collected in the municipality of Triunfo-PE, obtained from the leaves by the hydrodistillation process. The evaluation was made by the paper disc diffusion method, in Petri plates, containing the MüellerHinton Agar medium, sown with bacterial suspensions previously adjusted to a 0.5 of the Mac Farland scale of three isolates. Discs containing 10 L and 15 L of the undiluted essential oil were added to the plates and incubated at 36 °C for 24 hours. Paper discs with the antibiotic Amikacin 30 μg/disc were used as positive control. The tests were performed in triplicates and the inhibition halos established in the average of the halos measured for each species of bacteria. The results show that Croton tetradenius essential oil has antimicrobial activity against the tested isolates Staphylococus aureus and Escherichia coli, except for Klebsiella pneumoniae which was resistant to the tested essential oil.Item Avaliação do potencial alelopático de Chloroleucon foliosum (Benth) G. P. Lewis sobre a germinação e crescimento inicial de alface(2019) Silva, Sara de Souza; Saraiva, Rogério de Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6812072552819682; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0125367619888442Chloroleucon foliolosum(Benth.) G. P. Lewis is a native tree from Caatinga commonly known as "arapiraca" and important to the timber industry and in folk medicine. However, there are few studies aimed at the possible impactscaused by the plant residues when those are released into the environment. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of C. foliolosumleaf and stem ethanolic extracts (EFCF and ECCF, respectively) on germination and initial growthof lettuce (Lactuca sativaL.) seedlings. After collectionof the plant material, the ethanolic extracts were prepared from 50% ethanol. The qualitative phytochemical characterization of EFCF and ECCF was performed according to the methodology of Matos (1997). Thegermination assay was performed in microenvironments consisting of previously sterilized Petri dishes containing filter paper as substrate, containing lettuce seeds. The extracts were tested in concentrations of 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 1000 mg/L and 10,000 mg/L, as well asthecontrolgroup (distilled water), performed inquadruplicate. After 7 days of germination, was performedthe radicles and aerial parts morphometry, and the calculation of the rate of germination (IVG). The means were submitted to one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test and the differences between the treatments were considered significant for the P value <0.05. For both extracts, concentrations equal to or greater than 100 mg/L of EFCF were able to negatively affect lettuce growth,according to the length of radicle and shoot and IVG when compared to control. In phytochemical prospecting, both extracts have alkaloids and tannins; saponins, anthraquinone and catechins in ECCF, and flavonoids and phenolic compounds in EFCF. Therefore,the compounds contained in the extracts can generate different responses, so that the literature indicates that certain alkaloids and some phenolic compounds may be cytotoxic, having their effect enhanced by the presence of saponins and tannins, which mayassociate with the cell wall and facilitate the entryof allelochemicals. Considering the importance of the development of new technologies for the use of Caatinga plants, the study withextracts of C. foliolosumshow high toxicity in the concentrations tested (except 1 mg/L of ECCF), so that the,increase in theconcentrationpotentializedthe effect.Item Coccidioidomicose no Brasil - uma revisão de literatura(2019) Santos, Cíntia Caline Bezerra dos; Costa, Cynthia Maria Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9859547718446795; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2020390255494913Coccidioidomycosis (CMD) is a disease caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii and is associated with agricultural and hunting activities. These fungi preferentially inhabit regions of desert climates, produce infectious arthoconidia in the soil that can be aerosolized in the air and, when inhaled by humans, can cause systemic infections. Thus, the present study presents a literature review on coccidioidomycosis, addressing important aspects of the disease such as: characterization of the pathogen, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment, as well as describing the history of this pathology in Brazil. Its elaboration was made possible through the use of national and international publications of articles, scientific journals, dissertations and theses in bibliographic databases such as: SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), VHL (Virtual Health Library), Portal CAPES and Pubmed, published in the last 30 years, from 1989 to 2019. Coccidioidomycosis is considered a public health issue, as it has a difficult diagnosis and treatment that is often nonspecific and is often confused with other respiratory diseases, wich can lead the patient to death. In 2018, Pernambuco had its first case of CMD reported in scientific literature in the municipality of Serra Talhada. Until 2007, cases of CMD were registered only in four northeastern states (Ceará, Piauí, Bahia and Maranhão).Item Desenvolvimento ovocitário e gonadal do Parachromis managuensis (Günther, 1867) (Osteichthyes, Cichlidae) em um lago da região neo tropical(2019) Queiroz, Érika Mirelly Santana de; Mendes, Renata Akemi Shinozaki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2026358226342858; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2007222151955283Parachromis managuensis(Günther, 1867) is a species of Cichlid that was introduced in Brazil whose studies on its reproductive biology are still scarce. The objective of this study was to describe the oocyte and gonadal development of Parachromis managuensis(PISCES, CICHLIDAE) in a lake in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco. The collections were carried out monthly among the Pajeú river basin, located in the Pernambuco sertão. A total of 85 females of P. managuensis were collected, with total weight (PT) varying from 0.28 g to 161.00 g and total length (CT) ranging from 14 to 162 mm. Based on the histological analysis, germ cells (181 ± 31 μm), pre-vitellogenic oocytes (248 ± 68 μm), vitellogenic oocytes (477 ± 103 μm), mature oocytes (417 ± 116 μm) and oocytes atresia (513 ± 57 μm). The stages of gonadal development were classified into: maturation (initial and final), mature and spawned. From the histological observations, it is evident that the species presents a very early maturation and a split spawning, with the presence of up to four oocyte lots that increase synchronously in diameter until the spawning phase. The biotic and abiotic factors favor its development, growth and reproduction, and aggressive behavior as a predator of native species and early maturation suggest the reasons for its great evolutionary success in the semiarid region of Pernambuco. The results of the present study provide important information that can be used to control their populations.Item Fungos de solo do semiárido pernambucano como fonte de compostos com atividade antibacteriana(2019) Souza, Denise Aparecida dos Santos; Siqueira, Virgínia Medeiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5524459744893735; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3722098868591576Microorganisms are the main agents of biochemical activities occurring in the soil, being important for the proper functioning of ecosystems, in addition, several natural compounds are produced by microorganisms belonging to the soil, especially fungi, which are an excellent source for exploration of new secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity, for the production of antibiotics. Thus, the objective of this work was to isolate, quantify and evaluate the antimicrobial potential of filamentous fungi isolated from soil in a preserved area of the Pernambucano semi - arid region, collected at the State Conservation Park Mata da Pimenteira, in the municipality of Serra Talhada - PE. For this, the soil samples were collected in two periods (drought and rain), from which the isolation and quantification of fungi in two culture media (Dextrose Bata Agar and Sabouraud Agar - SAB) by the serial dilution technique. This step was performed with three replicates in each period. Subsequently, the test of antimicrobial activity of fungi against bacteria was also carried out using the gelose block methodology. As a result, a higher quantification of fungi was obtained in the dry season, with higher growth of CFUs in BDA culture medium with 8.6 x 106 CFU / g, followed by 8.3 x 104 CFU / g in SAB. Thirty-one colonies were selected from the collection in drought, of which nine were identified to date as Aspergillus, Penicillium or Eurotium and of which, 20 were submitted to the antimicrobial activity test. Isolate 05 showed a 32 mm diameter inhibition halo against Staphylococcus aureus. Five other fungal isolates were active against Escherichia coli and five against Klebsiella; no fungus has shown activity against Salmonella. In relation to the rainy period, 11 isolates were identified, such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium and Paecilomyces. Of the isolates submitted to the antimicrobial activity test, none of the isolates showed inhibitory activity against the bacteria. From the obtained results, it was possible to verify the antimicrobial potential presented by the fungi in the period of drought, emphasizing its importance in search of new compounds of interest of the pharmaceutical industry.