TCC - Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (Sede)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/412
Navegar
7 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Taxocenose de térmitas (Blattodea: Isoptera) em área de canavial no estado de Pernambuco(2025-03-17) Queiroz Neta, Maria Tereza de; Liberal, Carolina Nunes; Couto, Alane Ayana Vieira de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0966439041863782; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7390869942259612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9719394425056723A cana-de-açúcar é uma cultura de grande relevância socioeconômica para o Brasil. Muitos fatores podem limitar a produtividade como a ocorrência de pragas, entre elas os térmitas. Ainda que muitas espécies de térmitas sejam causadoras de prejuízos, esses insetos desempenham funções ecológicas importantes. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a taxocenose de térmitas em uma área de canavial no estado de Pernambuco, determinar o grupo trófico e potencial como praga de cada espécie e comparar os dados obtidos com outra área de canavial do mesmo estado e mesorregião. A pesquisa foi realizada na Estação Experimental de Cana-de-Açúcar do Carpina, Carpina-PE, utilizando um protocolo de amostragem contendo transectos e parcelas predeterminadas. Os térmitas coletados foram identificados e para cada área foram obtidos os principais descritores de comunidade e as taxoenoses foram ordenadas e as suas estrutura comparadas através de nMDS e PERMANOVA, respectivamente. Foram registradas 13 espécies, todas pertencentes a família Termitidae, distribuídas em seis subfamílias. As espécies Amitermes nordestinus e Anoplotermes sp.3 foram as mais abundantes. A classificação dos grupos tróficos mostrou que o grupo III foi o mais representativo em riqueza e abundância. O nMDS indicou a formação de grupos. Além disso, a PERMANOVA indicou diferenças significativas na composição das comunidades entre as duas áreas, indicando que mesmo em áreas de monocultura as taxocenoses variam de acordo com a influência das características específicas de cada ecossistema. Os dados obtidos foram comparados com o trabalho de Couto et al. (2019) em outra área de canavial no município de Igarassu/PE. A maioria das espécies coletadas não causam danos à cultura, evidenciando que nem todas as espécies são ou têm potencial para se tornarem pragas. Ressalta-se a importância do monitoramento a fim de prevenir o uso indiscriminado de defensivos agrícolas. Este estudo poderá auxiliar pesquisas, que visem o controle de pragas e a busca por práticas mais sustentáveis.Item Taxocenose de térmitas (Blattodea: Isoptera) em área de canavial e floresta de eucalipto(2025-03-21) Ferreira, Alex Richard Vicente; Liberal, Carolina Nunes; Couto, Alane Ayana Vieira de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0966439041863782; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7390869942259612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3162720995113003O cultivo da cana-de-açúcar e do eucalipto ocupa um lugar de destaque na economia agrícola e florestal do Brasil. A mudança no uso do solo gera impactos que afetam a biodiversidade. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo comparar as taxocenoses de térmitas de uma área de cana-de-açúcar com a de uma área de eucalipto, avaliando como a alteração da cultura afeta as taxocenoses locais. O estudo foi realizado entre julho de 2024 e janeiro de 2025 na Estação Experimental de Cana-de-açúcar do Carpina (EECAC - UFRPE), localizada no município de Carpina, Pernambuco. Foram amostradas as taxocenoses de térmitas em duas áreas distintas: uma cultivada com cana-de-açúcar (variedade RB041443) e outra originalmente utilizada para o cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, a qual foi substituída pelo plantio de Eucalyptus spp. O método de amostragem incluiu seis transectos medindo 65 m x 2 m, subdivididos em cinco setores de 5 m x 2 m, com intervalos de 10 metros entre cada setor. Ao todo, foram registradas 17 espécies e 147 encontros, pertencentes exclusivamente à família Termitidae, distribuídas em sete subfamílias, com destaque para a subfamília Apicotermitinae. A riqueza das duas áreas foi semelhante, porém a abundância e composição das taxocenoses foram diferentes. A área de eucalipto apresentou maior abundância e maior número de espécies exclusivas. As espécies consideradas pragas, apesar de presentes, não apresentaram dominância. Apesar da semelhança na riqueza de espécies, as diferenças na composição das taxocenoses reflete a influência do tipo de cultivo sobre a fauna de térmitas. A abundância da subfamília Apicotermitinae (se alimentando de matéria orgânica em decomposição) em ambas as áreas reforça que nem todas as espécies de térmitas são pragas, sendo muitas essenciais para a manutenção do equilíbrio ecológico.Item Efeito da proporção de soldados na percepção de pistas de risco durante a seleção de recursos em cupins(2023-03-31) Silva, Cátila Regina; Cristaldo, Paulo Fellipe; Silva, Aline do Nascimento Filgueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1916876032100921; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0426390460269258; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0670616354756024In nature, animals face complex situations in the search and choice of food resources, which may be accompanied by negative interactions, requiring organisms to evaluate the benefits and costs during foraging. In this process, animals use information (private or social) obtained from the environment, and this perception is even more sophisticated in social insects, where decision-making is done collectively. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the proportion of soldiers on the perception of the change in intensity of risk cues during the selection of food resources in Nasutitermes corniger (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae). To do so, we tested the hypothesis that increasing the proportion of soldiers in groups of N. corniger increases the ability to perceive changes in risk cues during the selection of food resources. Initially, field experiments were conducted to verify the ant species that preyed the most on termites so that we could use the chemical signals of this predator as risk cues. Next, free-choice resource selection bioassays were carried out in the laboratory to evaluate the choice of groups of 30 termites in different soldier proportions (0 to 100%) for resources with different intensities of risk cues (4 uL - low or 20 uL - high), where the resources were alternated after 19h from the beginning of the experiment. A control experiment was performed without exchanging resources between arenas. In general, our results demonstrated that the presence of the soldier caste plays an essential role in the perception of risk cues, where an increase in its proportion triggers a greater perception of risk cues during the selection of food resources. This mechanism can significantly influence the understanding of the different functions that the soldier can have within the nest, the evolution of this caste, the pattern of habitat use, and the foraging of termites.Item Métodos para estudos de área de uso de serpentes da Floresta Atlântica(2020-02-03) Lima, Luiz Filipe Lira; Santos, Ednilza Maranhão dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5812920432455297; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8555166529926373Item Consequência da mudança de fase sobre atributos funcionais em ecossistemas recifais(2021-12-17) Fialho, Cláudio Henrique Gomes; Gomes, Paula Braga; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3289333472399959; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2275122243078076Coral reefs are very important to marine biodiversity, in addition they provide important ecosystem services to human populations. Even so, they have been experiencing a reduction in coral cover and species diversity, mainly due to overfishing, pollution, disease and climate change. The association of these anthropic factors with alterations in the structure of benthic communities and loss of resilience is prevalent in the literature, with the possibility of replacing a community dominated by corals with a new stage of dominance by other organisms, a process known as "phase shift". The diversity of functional attributes present in an ecosystem is an important measure of functional diversity, and as it is related to the availability of ecosystem services, it allows a comparison of the state of these environments, before/after changes such as phase shifts. Here, we aim to assess the consequence of a phase shift on functional traits in reef ecosystems. For this, initially, data such as geographic location, time interval, benthic dominance before and after phase shifts were analyzed, as well as possible causes of 29 records found in an extensive literature review. After listing the species involved in these processes of phase change and selection, from the related literature, of the functional attributes that were evaluated, a new review was carried out in search of the traits of these species. After obtaining all the data, descriptive analyzes were performed to assess the overlapping of functions between building and non-building organisms and to discuss the functional consequences of the phase shift process. 29 records were found that describe phase shifts processes in coral reefs. Records in the Caribbean region represented 41.38% of all the records found, which may be related to the high levels of investment in research in the region, as well as anthropic impacts related to the high rate of human occupation from tourism and other economic activities. There was a predominance (62.07%) of processes involving organisms such as sponges, soft corals and echinoids in the replacement of the original phases. However, of the 29 records found, 11 (39.29%) involve macroalgae, which demonstrates the frequency of these organisms in replacing the coral cover on reefs. Comparing the set of attributes of the original and new phases, it was possible to notice negative, positive and neutral consequences. There was a great incompleteness in the data from the studies used in the analyses, requiring a great sampling effort. Finally, it was possible through this work to note that when a reef loses corals, in addition to building capacity, it also loses several other functional attributes related to the species. In addition, the new dominant species bring new attributes that will characterize the new phase of the ecosystem, which may be positive changes. We hope to have contributed to the expansion of knowledge in relation to these processes, in addition to generating subsidies for further studies to be carried out. Research of this nature is important for the possibility of helping managers and governance in measures to mitigate damage, conservation and even the recovery of these ecosystems.Item Contribuições ao estudo da história natural da suaçuboia Corallus hortulana (Serpentes: Boidae), em uma unidade de conservação na Floresta Atlântica de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil(2022-05-27) Santos, Maria Laura Silva; Santos, Ednilza Maranhão dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5812920432455297; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2606618267580412Studies on the natural history of species form the basis of knowledge about biodiversity, brings information on the population structure, sexual maturation, sexual reason, fecundity and habitat use. The project aimed to obtain information on the natural history of C. hortulana in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in the Parque Estadual de Dois Irmãos (PEDI), a Conservation Unit. Data collections occurred from October 2015 to July 2017 bimonthly and from April 2019 to September 2021 monthly, with active research, using time-limited viewing, occasional encounter, and third-parties collection. After collection, morphometry was performed, marking and release of the animal. 29 individuals of C. hortulana were recorded over the 50-month period, 18 females and 10 males and an unspecified individual. The specimens were found in three substrate types: buildings (54.29%) vegetation (28.57%) and soil (17.14%). Individuals above 1200 mm foraged in buildings, larger animals (1400 mm) were observed on the soil substrate and different sizes (1040 mm a 1811 mm) in the vegetation. Of the 31 encounters with active animals, 19 were found during the morning, nine in the afternoon and three at night, this may point us to the point that perhaps the species is not exclusively active in the night shift. A fight between two males has been documented, the record of male body fighting and the recapture of one of these individuals in copulation, as well as the observation of animals found and recaptured in the same locality may indicate to territoriality. There were seven animals recapture. A copulation and a court were recorded. PEDI has the potential for more studies to be developed with Corallus hortulana, there are few researches on its natural history and information like this is of great value for the conservation of the species and its habitat, a long- term study may allow more gaps to be filled in about your life history.Item Polyplacophora (Mollusca) nos Recifes Areniticos da Boca da Barra, Itamaracá -PE, Brasil(2018) Vasconcelos, Beatriz Angelo; Pinto, Stefane de Lyra; Alves, Marcos Souto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7568351870637048; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2971017849516459Polyplacophora (mollusca) on the sandy reefs of Boca da Barra, Itamaracá -PE, Brazil. This study was carried out in an area of natural resources, located on the Island of Itamaracá-PE, to characterize a taxonomic and spatial-temporal composition of Polyplacophora, in its dry (August to October 2016) and rainy (March to May 2017 ) during low tide. As collections were followed according to the square method. A total of 278 specimens were found distributed in a total of 2 families and 6 species. A more frequent species was Ischnochiton striolatus (Gray, 1828), which had a qualitative incidence among the species studied in rainy and dry plants, but increased in its nature. Factors are not available in the seasonal distribution of species.