Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (Sede)
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/5
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Estudo da capacidade neutralizante do extrato hidroalcoólico de sementes de Stryphnodendron fissuratum Mart. (Leguminosa Mimosoideae) sobre a toxicidade da peçonha de Bothrops leucurus(2018-08-14) Silva, Renatta Priscilla Ferreira; Silva, Marliete Maria Soares da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6064066939275575; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4036416150000631Accidents involving venomous snakes represent a significant public health issue, with approximately 2.5 million cases reported annually worldwide. The conventional treatment for such accidents is the administration of antivenom serum, which effectively neutralizes tissue damage but can cause significant side effects. In search of alternatives, studies have investigated the potential of plants with antivenom properties, often used by rural workers, as a complementary or alternative option to conventional treatment. Among the studied plants, species of the genus Stryphnodendron have stood out, especially Stryphnodendron fissuratum, found exclusively in Brazil. However, phytochemical information and knowledge about its biological properties are scarce. In this context, this study evaluated the extract of S. fissuratum seeds, investigating its chemical composition, potential phytotoxic effects on seedlings, and its ability to neutralize the enzymatic activities of the venom of the snake Bothrops leucurus, one of the most common in Brazil. For the experiment, S. fissuratum seeds were dried, ground, and subjected to an extraction process using an ethanol/water solution. Subsequently, this extract was tested on lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa), which were exposed to B. leucurus venom to assess phytotoxic and neutralization effects. The results showed that venom treatment did not affect seed germination but significantly reduced seedling growth. The S. fissuratum extract, in turn, reduced the enzymatic activities of the venom, including total proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and phospholipases. In summary, the study demonstrated that the extract of S. fissuratum seeds has antivenom potential, capable of reducing the toxicity of B. leucurus venom in lettuce seedlings. Additionally, the presence of bioactive compounds in the extract was identified, which could be explored in the development of new therapies against venomous snake accidents.Item Estrutura da comunidade meiofaunística de três praias rochosas de diferentes condições geográficas no Nordeste brasileiro(2019) Pereira, Maria Eduarda Oliveira; Rocha, Clélia Márcia Cavalcanti da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8971495967943784; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4083542942187872The meiofauna is composed of marine organisms from 0.044 to 0.5mm in size and is tipically found in interstitial habitats. The composition of the meiofaunistic community is determined by size and type of sediment, as well as the geological, physical and chemical factors. These organisms are considered bioindicators due to their close relationship with the middle, wide distribution, rapid regeneration time and because they are organisms sensitive to environmental change. This work analyzed samples from the mid-coast and lower-mid-coast of Atalaia beaches, Archipelago Fernando de Noronha, Ilha do farol, Atol das Rocas and Muro Alto beach, in the southern coast of Pernambuco, aiming know and compare the meiofaunistic communities found in each beach. The material was treated at laboratory through routine techniques for the study of meiofauna, which was identified at high taxonomic levels. The main hypothesis of this work was that the meiofaunistic community found in the three beaches would be structurally similar, because they are characteristically rocky beach communities. With the results of the statistical analysis we saw that the meiofaunistic composition showed differences in diversity and species richness of each site studied, probably due to the different sediments types.Item Estoque de serrapilheira como indicador de qualidade em três ambientes ciliares de floresta tropical úmida na Mata Atlântica(2019-12-13) Reis, Marina Isabel Lima de Oliveira; Silva, Ana Carolina Borges Lins e; Fonsêca, Nathan Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4924065580196245; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7518216414237885; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0666969331135228The suppression of the world's forests for commercial use has caused an unprecedented loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services that nature provides to mankind. However, the restoration of these ecosystems to recover lost services is increasing, and an evaluation of the effectiveness of these processes by environmental quality bioindicators are necessary, such as the litterstock quantification. This study aimed at quantifying litter stock in three rainforest riparian areas as a way of subsidizing the improvement of ecosystem recovery strategies. The work was carried out at the São José Agroindustrial mill, located in Igarassu, Pernambuco, Brazil, with a total area of 246 km2. Three riparian forest were selected: one restored, one in advanced secondary succession and one conserved mature forest, and in each one 5 plots of 10 x 10 m were allocated on both sides of the river. The stock of litter deposited on the forests floor was collected using a 0.5 m x 0.5 m template. After collecting the material, samples were submitted to oven drying at 60º C for 72 hours. Then, each sample was selected and weighed by fractions (leaves, branches, reproductive parts and miscellaneous). The three areas differed in litter stock, presenting 8.7 t/ha (+- 1.39) for the Mature Area, 7.0 t/ha (+- 1.03) for the Advanced Succession Area and 5.0 t/ha (+- 1.69) for the Restored Area, with values similar to those found in other tropical forests. A predominant leaf fraction represented 72% of the litter in the Mature Area, 60% in the Advanced Succession Area and 55% in the Restored Area, probably because it is the largest source of soil nutrients. We conclude that the Restored Forest is in good process of returning of the ecosystem services, becoming necessary the maintenance and monitoring of the area allowing it to move towards a mature forest stage.Item Caracterização das propriedades químicas e biológicas do muco cloacal das tartarugas marinhas - Ipojuca/PE(2018-08-24) Souza, Daliana Thaisa Maria Teles de Oliveira; Santos, Ednilza Maranhão dos; Oliveira, Lourinalda Luiza Dantas da Silva Selva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5812920432455297; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4538607373477161Sea turtles are migratory animals that travel long distances and have a complex life cycle. They are bioindicators and biocontrol animals, contributing to the maintenance of the marine ecosystem. These animals exert great effort in choosing the spawning site to ensure reproductive success. Of the seven species that exist in the world, five occur in Brazil, and all are classified at some level of threat of extinction. There are many threats that turtles face in order to reach adulthood, one of which is related to marine pollution due to chemical compounds that have become an increasingly common reality for these animals. At the time of spawning the turtle releases a light-colored mucus that coats all eggs, thus avoiding the impact between one egg and another and maintaining cloaca lubrication, however the characterization of chemical properties and toxicity have not been documented. The objective of this work was to characterize the chemical properties, the toxicity of the substance and to identify the heavy metals present in the cloacal mucus of the sea turtles. From August 2017 to October 2018, manual collection of cloacal mucus was performed, which took place immediately after spawning, with the aid of a 15 ml falcon tube positioned below the cloaca. Ten females were sampled, nine from Eretmochelys imbricata and one from Chelonia mydas, in the coast of Ipojuca / PE. These had a physical chemical aspect with turbidity in some samples, their pH ranged from 8.58 to 9.28 with a tendency to be alkaline, through the mortality numbers of Artemias salina nauplii the mucus showed a variation in its toxicity of very Toxic to slightly toxic, the amount of protein varied in the samples in concentrations from 0.27 mg to 5.17 mg, for heavy metals the highest concentrations were for Aluminum (35.5 mg / L), followed by Iron (28 , 7 mg / L) and Copper with (26.9 mg / L) besides these were also analyzed Manganese (16.1 mg / L), Lead (15.7 mg / L), Nickel (14 mg / L), Cadmium (13.5 mg / L) and Chromium (12.1 mg / L). The analysis showed that mucus is a good biological material for toxicity analysis and metal identification, however there is much to characterize in its chemical composition, requiring the continuity of this work to monitor the animals, as well as to evaluate space-seasonal issues of these metals. Mucus may be a good predictor of animal and environmental health.Item Acessando a resiliência na Área de Proteção Ambiental Costa dos Corais (Nordeste do Brasil) para embasar decisões de manejo(2018-08-27) Silva, Thaysa Carla Gomes da; Gomes, Paula Braga; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3289333472399959; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2654152836966384Coral reefs are mainly characterized by having one of Earth's greatest biodiversity, as well as being recognized for the provision of vast goods and services. In Brazil, the reefs are distributed over 3,000km along the coast of the country, representing the only reef system in the South Atlantic and being affected by several threats due to the rapid development of coastal areas and high exploitation of its resources. Recognizing when coral reefs are becoming critically fragile is a major challenge, and therefore resilience measures have been considered a strategy to avoid degradation. For this reason, some studies have been developing methodologies using several factors to indicate and calculate reef resilience in order to develop management and conservation strategies. Therefore, it is relevant to study the resilience of coral reefs in Brazil based on their use in order to improve management and monitoring, promoting the reduction of ecosystem degradation and influencing the choice of priority areas for conservation. Along Costa dos Corais Environmental Protection Area, there are several reefs with different intensities of use, including areas of exclusion of use and areas of high intensity of tourist use. In this way, the site allows to analyze the resilience from the comparative point of view between different reef sectors, under their different situations of use and conservation and relating their degree of resilience with the indicators. For this purpose, the resilience factors were selected based on the literature and all indicators were posed as questions. The questions were applied to APACC’s Council to analyze these parameters in APACC’s 21 reefs, about the following sites: Tamandaré (4 reefs), São José da Coroa Grande (3), Maragogi (4), Japaratinga (3), Porto de Pedras (3) and São Miguel dos Milagres (4). The reefs reached a score of 41 for lowest resilience (São Miguel dos Milagres) up to 71 for highest resilience (Maragogi). According to the ranking, the reefs that obtained high (> 62), medium (between 52 and 60) and low resilience (< 51) were identified. The location with the highest amount of reefs with high resilience is in Japaratinga, while the lowest site is in São Miguel dos Milagres. It is also possible to observe that the reefs that obtained higher scores are located in areas restricted to the use, while those that are present in Visitation Zones obtained lower scores, representing about 66% of the reefs considered with low resilience. With the exception of Piscina de São Miguel dos Milagres, all Marine Life Protection Zones were considered areas of high resilience. Overall, our results show that the management of APA Costa dos Corais has been successful in selecting closed areas, since they have high resilience, with the exception of the only Marine Protection Zone in São Miguel dos Milagres. However, some indicators of resilience can be improved with management actions.Item Investigação do potencial antibiofilme da lectina de folhas de Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi contra Staphylococcus aureus(2019-12-20) Silva, Talyta Naldeska da; Pontual, Emmanuel Viana; Silva, Pollyanna Michelle da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0563176148137978; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1777060469196142; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8762925956752737Biofilms are complex microbial communities that have been associated with the incidence of infections, including in the hospital environment. Its formation is considered a determining factor for virulence in microorganisms and strongly contributes with the microbial resistance to conventional antimicrobials. In this sense, the search for natural compounds with antimicrobial activity that are more effective and less toxic to host cells. Plants are important sources of bioactive compounds, including lectins, a class of carbohydrate-binding proteins whose antimicrobial action has been reported. SteLL is a leaf lectin isolated from Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae) with antimicrobial action that was previously reported. In this work, the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of SteLL against sensitive (UFPEDA 02) and oxacillin resistant (UFPEDA 670) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. SteLL was a bacteriostatic and bactericidal agent against UFPEDA 02 and UFPEDA 670 isolates with MIC50 (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of 12.5 and 25.0 μg/mL and CMB (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) of 50.0 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. The growth kinetics of the cells treated with SteLL revealed a dose-dependent growth inhibition regarding to control. SteLL caused morphometric alterations in S. aureus cells and inhibited biofilm formation of UFPEDA 02 at concentrations between 400 and 25.0 μg/mL and UFPEDA 670 between 400 and 100 μg/mL. In conclusion, SteLL is an antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus by inhibiting the growth, promoting cell death and inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation.Item Efeito da lectina de folhas de Schinus terebinthifolia sobre a formação de vasos do saco vitelínico e morfologia de embriões de Coturnix japônica(2019-08-13) França, Rayssa Perla Martins; Pontual, Emmanuel Viana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1777060469196142; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4999755464041290Angiogenesis corresponds to the budding of new blood vessels starting from other preexisting ones. This process is of great importance for development of tumor cells. Schinus terebinthifolia (Brazilian Peppertree) leaves express a thermostable and antimicrobial lectin (SteLL). This work reports the effect of SteLL on the angiogenesis process using the in vivo model of yolk sac membrane of Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) embryos. The fractal analysis by box counting and information dimension indicated that SteLL at 1.35 mg/mL reduced the angiogenesis of C. japonica yolk sac membrane. The inhibition of the vascular network formation in the yolk sac membrane resulted in decreased blood supply to the embryos, and consequently area, perimeter and percentage of cephalic length of embryos were significantly reduced in the group treated with SteLL, corroborating with the antiangiogenic activity. In conclusion, SteLL is an antiangiogenic agent and this result stimulate future investigations about its antitumor activity.Item Ocorrência e distribuição de microplásticos no Arquipélago de Abrolhos(2019-06-10) Silva, Myller Cardoso da; Melo Júnior, Mauro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1951306508450135Plastic pollution is a major threat to oceanic, coastal and marine biota environments and has been documented for the last 40 years. The study of pelagic microplastics in islands of the Atlantic Ocean is recurrent, where the islands retain plastics of the adjacent sea by different metaoceanographics mechanisms, being one of the main factors for the decline of native species and degradation of the natural beauty. The objectives of this work were to determine the abundance, spatial distribution, composition and classification of microplastics in the Abrolhos Archipelago. In addition to improving the technique of quantification and measurement of particles through the process of visual identification and digestion of organic particles by nitric acid (HNO₃), and compare the samples obtained in different mesh apertures (64 μm and 200 μm). The Abrolhos reef complex covers the largest area of coral reefs in Brazil and the entire South Atlantic Ocean. The study region concentrated on points located about 10 - 70 km offshore. To identify the particles, techniques of visual counting and digestion by nitric acid were used. The densities underwent non-parametric statistical tests such as Wilcoxon / Mann -Whitney and Kruskal Wallis) to compare the central trends of the samples. Microplastics were classified according to their type: filaments, soft plastics, hard plastics and styrofoam. The 64 μm mesh was more effective in the capture of microplastics (4.19 mp / m-3) and 1.87 mp / m-3 in the 200 μm mesh. The two networks presented a similar general collection composition, since both had higher densities of filaments (64 μm 2.49 mp / m-3 and 2.15 mp / m-3 in the 200 μm mesh). The region farthest from the continent has a higher density of microplastics, as well as in the region closest to the coast. The use of the smaller mesh increases the collection capacity of plastic items, especially for filaments. Further research is needed to understand the distribution of microplastics and seek a mitigation of the various environmental problems caused by them.Item Conhecimento de alunos de escola pública do Recife sobre o sarampo, sua vacina e situação atual(2019-07-26) Santos, Mariana Pinto Nogueira; Cavalcanti, Yone Vila Nova; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3476206328790443; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0602316525874388Measles is a strong infectious disease and due to its propensity of transmission, it has great epidemiological value. Its high level of severity is related to its central nervous system involvement. The measles virus represented, until the beginning of the 90's, a huge public health relevance, considering its epidemics. With the arising of new cases, it is the role of the health and education professionals to act actively in prevention, stimulating vaccination and information about the disease. Thus, it was intended to assess the knowledge of adolescent students from public schools in Recife. This evaluation was conducted by the use a questionnaire that included questions about students' knowledge related to measles, its vaccine and its current situation in Brazil. As the result, 96% of participants were aware about measles, however, lower numbers were acquired in the following questions, which were about disease transmission, infection and symptoms. Therefore, the data are not yet satisfactory, being necessary the development of activities with the professionals mentioned before for the adequate exchange of information.Item Avaliação da toxicidade do extrato de folhas de Annona squamosa para Aedes aegypti, Nasutitermes corniger e Sitophilus zeamais(2019-12-20) Santos, Lucas Gabriel Pita dos; Pontual, Emmanuel Viana; Almeida, Welton Aaron de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6880632191779221; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1777060469196142; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5858954656778360The high environmental toxicity of the compounds currently used for control of insect pests, as well as the emergence of resistant populations have stimulated the search for new agents with insecticidal activity. In this work, an extract of Annona squamosa (Annonaceae) leaves was evaluated for the presence of proteins and secondary metabolites. The effect of the extract on larvae of Aedes aegypti (vector of dengue, yellow fever, zika and chikungunya) and adults of Nasutitermes corniger (urban pest) and Sitophilus zeamais (agricultural pest) was also investigated. The chemical characterization of the extract revealed the presence of proteins, lectin (HAE = 21,3) and trypsin inhibitor (15,6 U/mg) activities, as well as secondary metabolites the classes of flavonoids (rutin), cinnamic derivatives (chlorogenic acid), saponins, anthraquinones, terpenes and steroids. The extract was in toxic to A. aegypti larvae and the concentration required to kill 50% of larvae (CL50) was 1.9% (m/v). On the other hand, the extract did not affect the survival of N. corniger soldiers and workers. S. zeamais adults showed mortality ranging from 51.2 to 63.8% regarding the control when fed with the diet containing the extract (15 to 75 mg/g), but a strong deterrent feeding effect was detected. This data revealed that the insects die from starvation and not from intoxication due to the extract intake. The treatment with the extract resulted in high mortality of Hyalella sp. at the concentration corresponding to the LC50 for A. aegypti. However, the presence of the extract interferes with the pH and the amount of dissolved O2 in the culture solution, suggesting that Hyalella sp mortality cannot be a result of a direct toxicity of the extract. In conclusion, the A. squamosa leaf extract is an interesting candidate for use in the control of A. aegypti populations and as a protection agent for stored grains against the S. zeamais attack. Additionally, the use of the extract in the environment needs caution due to the high mortality detected for Hyalella sp.