The present work aims to analyze the authoritarianism and judicial repression to the communists during the time course of the called first Vargas government (1930-1945) leading from the National Security Court (TSN) experience. However, the time frame approached is directed to the years of 1936 and 1937 when, after an attempt of armed coup leaded by the Aliança Nacional Libertadora(ALN), the judicial repression against the bolshevik doutrine is intesified. In this sense, has sought to compreend the formation of the repressive apparatus from the dictatorial project of the Estado Novo in the Especial Justice scope. Therefore, has been mobilized the notion of idelogical crime in Marcília Gama Silva (2007) and of national security in order to uderstand the politcal motivations, the modus operandi, and the TSN role.
