Engenharia Florestal (Sede)
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/15
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Levantamento populacional de coleobrocas associadas a espécies florestais sob monocultivo em Goiana - PE(2023-09-15) Lima, Paloma Richelle dos Santos; Gonçalves, Maria da Penha Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0539509819672370; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3119218064534593In forest environments, whether natural or cultivated, there is always the chance of harmful insect species occurring. However, coleoborers stand out, which act as pests, whose knowledge of the damage caused to forests and wood is extremely important in some cultivated forest species. In this sense, the study aimed to understand the diversity and measure the population fluctuation of coleoborer insects in three forest plantations in Zona da Mata Norte Pernambucana. The forest plantations with the species Eucaliptus spp, Mimosa caesalpinifolia and Hevea brasiliensis are located at the Experimental Station of the Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária (IPA) of Itapirema, in the municipality of Goiana, in the Zona da Mata Norte of the state of Pernambuco. The insects were collected using aerial interception traps, model Carvalho 47, installed at three sampling points in each forest plantation. They were then transported to the Forest Protection Laboratory of the Forest Science Department of the Federal University of Pernambuco for identification. 276 individuals were collected, grouped into three families/subfamilies (Bostrichidae, Cerambycidae and Scolytinae). A predominance of individuals from the Scotylinae family was observed (86.23%), occurring in the three plantations. Although in smaller numbers, the Cerambycidae family also occurred in different areas. Regarding population fluctuation, in the first week of collection the largest number of species was collected, 34 in the Hevea brasiliensis planting, 31 in the Eucaliptus spp planting and 14 in the Mimosa caesalpinifolia planting. The fluctuation of insects in the planting of Eucaliptus spp was decreasing. However, in the cultivation of Hevea brasiliensis, there was a significant reduction in the third week, with the collection of only eight individuals. While there was a reduction in Sabiá planting, in the second and third week, respectively. The results suggest that factors such as the age of trees, their specific characteristics and environmental conditions play important roles in population fluctuation and interactions between coleoptera entomofauna and trees.Item Histórico das mudanças nas classes de uso e cobertura do solo nas fazendas da Eucatex no estado de São Paulo(2022-09-27) Silva, Yasmim Victória de Araújo e; Berger, Rute; Marques, Luísa Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1603075418219366; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5395827385005105; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0643141145421813The consumption of forest-based products has increased in recent decades and forestry has been considered a strategic segment to collaborate and encourage the increase in the production of wood products. Until 2019, forest plantations represented about 9.8 million hectares in Brazil. The first land use and land cover classification system with remote sensing data aimed to identify the different categories of land classes. Land cover changes can be related to conversions, which are the complete replacement of one type of cover with another. The objective of this work was to measure the conversion of areas in forest management farms planted with Eucalyptus sp. of Eucatex Florestal, which are the scope of forest certification (FSC-FM), following the natural forest in an interval of up to 27 years (1994 – 2021). The study areas correspond to 51 Eucatex Florestal farms in the regions of Botucatu, Sorocaba and Bauru, in the state of São Paulo, distributed in 18 municipalities. In this study, Eucalyptus is not planted in conjunction with natural forest, but at the stands for commercial purposes, and areas with native species are separated by setbacks or trails. Imagery from satellite Landsat 5, 7, and 8 was used, depending on availability for the requested date. The images were downloaded from the Earth Explorer website and the maximum likelihood method was applied. Of the 51 farms analyzed, 43 had an increase in their natural forest areas and only eight had some type of vegetation loss. The Morrinhos Radar farm showed the greatest increase in the “natural forest” class since 1994, totaling 455.13 ha converted. The Santa Filomena farm had the greatest area loss, with 39.82 ha of its natural forest areas lost, and the other seven farms lost less than 10 ha. There was a increase in the natural forest cover spontaneously, without the application of forest restoration techniques, only with the isolation of the areas. The farms lost more area of natural forest before being acquired by the company, whereas after the implantation of the Eucalyptus stands, there was an increase in the natural areas. The culture of Eucalyptus sp. did not interfere with the regeneration of natural forest areas.Item Estimativa de biomassa em povoamento clonal de Eucalyptus sob o manejo de talhadia aos 36 meses de idade(2023-04-24) Silva, Jonatas Carlos da; Berger, Rute; Hakamada, Rodrigo Eiji; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4186459700983170; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5395827385005105; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0314188517416061Studies on the quantification of individual stem biomass are fundamental to determining the productivity of planted forests, facilitating forest management and planning activities, especially in coppice systems, which can reduce costs by up to 60% compared to high forest management. The aim of this study is to establish the best statistical models for estimating aboveground and wood biomass production, as well as questioning the use of general equations and previous rotation for Eucalyptus clones. The research was carried out in Mogi Guaçu-SP. Biomass was collected from the destructive analysis of clones, with 0.3 kg of leaves collected from each third of the canopy and branches, and discs removed at DBH (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% with a diameter of 5 cm) of the stem, based on the total height of the tree. In the field, all aboveground compartments were weighed separately to obtain the total wet weight, while in the laboratory, each compartment was dried in a forced ventilation oven at 65°C to obtain the dry weight. Through regression analysis, adjusted equations were obtained, using total biomass and wood biomass (Bi) as the dependent variable and DBH and total height (H) of the trees as the independent variables. The Schumacher-Hall model showed the best fit for all clones, with the highest adjusted R² and the smallest standard errors of estimate. Based on this model, a general equation for wood biomass of clones on the site was adjusted, however, individual equations for each clone showed higher precision in individual biomass estimates. The adjusted equation in the first rotation of the stand overestimated the individual biomass of three clones by 22% and showed greater dispersion in clones with lower survival. Based on the results obtained, individual biomass estimation equations should be adjusted taking into account the silvicultural system and genotypes.Item Produtividade de um clone de Eucalyptus urophylla em função do espaçamento na região do Polo Gesseiro do Araripe(2018) Porfírio, Sandra Teresa Borba; Silva, José Antônio Aleixo da; Hakamada, Rodrigo Eiji; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4186459700983170; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5674098794412714; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5862852688551995Studies which the objective is to improve database about productivity behavior of Eucalyptus species in Araripe are very important to guarantee sustainable supply of forest resources for industries in this region. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate influence of different planting spacings in survival rate, volume per area, per tree and mean annual increment of Eucalyptus urophylla in the Araripe Region. The experiment was conducted in Pernambuco Agrarian Institute (IPA) in Araripina - PE. It was composed of 5 treatments (spacings 2mx1m, 2mx2m, 3mx2m, 4mx2m and 3mx3m), with 4 replications distributed in a completely randomized desing. To evaluate the productivity behavior, analysis of variance and Tukey test were applied to variables related to different planting spacings. The survival rate was not influenced by spacing, while the individual volume, volume per area and mean annual increment were influenced. The spacings 3mx3m and 3mx2m contributed to better values of individual volume and the averages of this variable has similar behavior to all studies seen in literature, except for 4x2m spacing. The variables volume per area and mean annual increment were influenced by spacing only when comparing treatments 2x1m and 4x2m. So, al treatment are statistic similar, except 4mx2m. The low productivity of this hybrid (IMA average 12 m³ ha-1 year-1) could be explained by the water deficit in last years. Finally, forest still productive in relation to natural semi-arid species, which indicates the importance of investment in clonal stands in this area and in others studies about its behavior.Item Banco de sementes do solo em áreas ciliares em processo de restauração florestal na Zona da Mata Sul de Pernambuco(2019-07-15) Silva, Lucas Benedito da; Feliciano, Ana Lícia Patriota; Silva, Marilia Isabelle Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1029149032423660; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9184673853412326; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2948005042743422This work aimed to evaluate the composition and diversity of soil seed bank species in riparian areas with different stages of forest restoration located in the municipality of Sirinhaém, Zona Sul Mata de Pernambuco. The present research was developed in two areas under restoration process, located at the Usina Trapiche S / A, in the municipality of Sirinhaém, in the region of Mata Sul in the State of Pernambuco. Sampling of the seed bank was performed in 40 plots of 250 m 2, 20 plots in each area, and two samples per plot were collected, totaling 80 samples. The soil was collected to a depth of 0-5 cm, using a square template with dimensions of 0.25 m x 0.25 m (0.03625 m²). The samples were stored in plastic bags and transported to the Forest Nursery of the Forest Science Department of UFRPE. The experiment was set up using 80 perforated plastic trays, with a volume of 0.0767m³. The trays were accommodated in two flowerbeds. On the bed was mounted two structures, one covered by white tulle - (full sun) and another covered by shade screen (70%), making it impossible to contaminate by external propagules. Among the soil trays were randomly arranged 10 trays with sterilized substrate to avoid contamination between the trays inside the structure. Germination was evaluated biweekly over the six-month period. All seedlings were identified to the lowest taxonomic level, quantified and then withdrawn from the trays. The emergent individuals were peeled to polyethylene bags that remained until their flowering, being the same herborizadas and deposited in the herbarium, for identification purposes. The species were classified when the dispersion syndrome, ecological group and its origin. The richness and phytosociological parameters, the Shannon diversity index (H '), the Pielou equability (J'), the Sorensen Similarity and the Hutcheson test were calculated by the MS-Excel 2016 program. The differences between the abundance of seeds of the two areas, their means and medians were obtained by software R °. The maximum seed density found in area 2 was represented by the Shading Screen of 70% (3,205.2 seeds / m²) and for area 1, it was the full sun (3,086.8 seeds / m²). Both areas had a high similarity index (Ss = 25.70%). The highest density in both areas was represented by herbaceous plants with a total of 10,916 seeds / m², of which 5,771.2 for area 2 and 5,144.8 for area 1. The species with the highest VIBS in the seed bank in area 1 and 2 were herbaceous (Lindernia crustacea (L.) F.Muell. And Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt.) H. Hara, area 1 and 2. Germinated a total of 19 species with 17 trees in area 2 and 10 in area 1, with 100% of pioneers. The species Solanum paniculatum L., Cecropia pachystachya Trécul and Piper aducum L. were the most representative. Among the total shrub and tree individuals present in area 1 (92.58%) are composed of species that present a zoocoric dispersion syndrome.Item Produtividade e custos do corte de eucalipto com Feller-Buncher em função de angulações de derrubada(2018) Soares, Jean Gueiros; Hakamada, Rodrigo Eiji; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4186459700983170; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6211276690009951The present work aimed to perform the technical and economic analysis of the feller buncher operation in three different subsystems in a eucalyptus plantation through a study of time and motion and calculation of operating and production costs using the accounting method. The study was carried out in a forest harvesting area at Monte Alegre farm that belongs to the company Klabin S.A., and is located in Telêmaco Borba, state of Paraná. The subsystems 17 ° (T1), 45 ° (T2) and 90 ° (T3) were evaluated, differing one from another by the angle at which the wood bunchers newly cut by the equipment are arranged in the soil for later skidder operation. The equipment used for the analysis was a feller buncher of the brand Tigercat, model L870 C, with 3679 hours worked, equipped with engine Cummins QSL9 Tier III (diesel) of 224 kW/300 hp of nominal power at 1800 rpm and head of Tigercat cutter model ST5702. The results showed that the greatest element of the operational cycle found in the study was the cut/accumulation, which occupied about 70% of the effective working time of the equipment. The mechanical availability, degree of utilization and operational efficiency found were 93,85 and 77% respectively. The effective yield was 138.68, 138.91 and 149.00 m³ he-1 respectively in treatments 1 (17 °), 2 (45 °) and 3 (90 °). The fuel consumption of the equipment was 44.78 L he-1, reaching a specific consumption of 169.92 g kw-1 he-1 and an energy yield of 1.22, 1.22 and 1.14 g kw-1 m³ respectively for the 17 °, 45 ° and 90 ° subsystems. The operating cost of the feller buncher was R$ 371.68 per effective hour of work, making, under the conditions evaluated, a cost of production of R$ 2.68, R$ 2.68 and R$ 2.49 per cubic meter for the 17 °, 45 ° and 90 ° subsystems respectively. The 90° angle tipping subsystem was about 7% more productive, making the cost of production cheaper in this treatment, reinforcing that, if feasible, it is important that this subsystem is used.Item Teores foliares de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio de espécies florestais tratadas com biocarvão e adubos orgânicos no semiárido pernambucano(2018) Carvalho, Isadora Barros Moura de; Silva, José Antônio Aleixo da; Freire, Fernando José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8371992516325399; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5674098794412714; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1883959486411942The objective of this work was to analyze N, P and K contents in the leaf material of an angico and eucalyptus' plantation submitted to different sources of fertilization. In order to do that, twenty five leaves of the trees crowns’s middle third were collected from the plot’s useful area. The collected material was packed in paper bags and taken into a forced ventilation oven at 65± 5º C until constant weight was obtained; posterior to that, the material was ground in a Wiley mill, passed through 1.0 mm steel screen and stored for analysis of N, P, K content. The angico was the species that presented the highest concentration of nutrients. Regarding the phosphorus, the fertilization treatment with fish farming residue presented higher levels in the angico, while for the eucalyptus higher levels were observed in the fertilization treatment with lake sediment. Regarding potassium the most expressive values were found in the fertilization treatments with fish farming residue and lake sediments for both species, which did not statistically differ from the control. However, significant differences were observed between the biochar and the other treatments for the eucalyptus. The highest levels of nitrogen were observed in the Angico and there was no significant difference among the treatments. Although the soil was rich in nutrients, it was observed that the sources of fertilization and managed species type interfered in the contents of some elements. The presence of nutrients in the soil is not a guarantee of assimilation by the plants, since many factors can influence the absorption of nutrients by the vegetable. It was concluded that fish farming residue and lake sediments, because of good concentrations of N and P, are alternatives to be used as fertilizers in planted forests.