TCC - Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (Sede)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/412
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Item Revisão de literatura e análise da situação epidemiológica da febre do oropouche no Brasil, durante o período de 2023 e 2024(2025-03-18) Nascimento, Chrisley Ariadne Silva do; Cavalcanti, Yone Vila Nova; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3476206328790443; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3651817620207158A febre Oropouche é uma arbovirose causada pelo Oropouche orthobunyavirus (OROV), pertencente à família Peribunyaviridae. É transmitida pelo mosquito da espécie Culicoides paraensis, conhecido popularmente como maruim ou mosquito-pólvora. Atualmente, o Brasil enfrenta um surto dessa arbovirose, que apresenta um grande risco de sobrecarregar o sistema de saúde. Diante desse cenário, foi analisada a situação da febre Oropouche no Brasil durante o período de 2023-2024, com foco no diagnóstico, na prevenção e nas medidas adotadas pelos órgãos de saúde para alertar a população. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, analítico e quantitativo, de cunho elucidativo, baseado nos índices da febre Oropouche no Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da plataforma de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente do Ministério da Saúde, por meio de boletins epidemiológicos, informes semanais e paineis epidemiológicos. Durante o período analisado, foram relatados 14.700 casos da doença. Constatou-se que a Região Norte é endêmica para a febre Oropouche. No entanto, embora ainda apresente o maior percentual de casos, o vírus tem se espalhado por todo o território brasileiro, com números expressivos registrados na Região Sudeste, especialmente no estado do Espírito Santo. Além dos casos convencionais, foram registrados quatro óbitos relacionados ao vírus, e outros casos seguem em investigação. Também há registros de transmissão vertical, com relatos de anomalias congênitas, como microcefalia, além de óbitos fetais e abortos. Testes laboratoriais moleculares demonstraram eficiência no diagnóstico do vírus. Até o momento, não há vacinas ou tratamentos específicos para a enfermidade. Diante disso, cabe aos órgãos de saúde promover a conscientização da população sobre os riscos da doença e manter um acompanhamento rigoroso das gestantes, seja no pré-natal ou, em casos de confirmação de malformação congênita, no acompanhamento neonatal.Item Panorama da situação epidemiológica da sífilis adquirida e congênita no Brasil: uma análise direcionada ao âmbito social e medidas preventivas(2024-02-15) Santos, Tatiana Alves dos; Cavalcanti, Yone Vila Nova; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3476206328790443; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7842303096765509Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Treponema pallidum, affecting humans since the era of the great navigations. Currently, it is associated with an exponential number of annual cases both worldwide and in Brazil, complicating control, reduction, or elimination in the population. Therefore, the epidemiological situation of syphilis in Brazil during the period from 2015 to 2023 was analyzed, associated with social variables, coping measures promoted by health organizations, and dissemination of information to society. A descriptive, analytical, and quantitative study of an informative nature was conducted, focusing on the rates of acquired and congenital syphilis in the country, in which, to investigate this scenario, the database of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and the 2023 Epidemiological Bulletin released by the Ministry of Health were used to quantify cases of the disease in the Brazilian territory, based on the variables established during the period from 2015 to 2023. During the study period, 1,201,327 cases of acquired syphilis and 202,167 cases of congenital syphilis were identified. Males showed a higher predominance of cases, with the age group of 20 to 29 years being particularly notable. It was also observed that the Southeast region (especially the state of São Paulo) has the highest number of cases of both forms of transmission. Furthermore, acquired syphilis correlated with the social sphere, showing a numerically high prevalence among individuals identified as pardos (mixed race) and the prevalent educational level of the infected being completed high school. Regarding congenital syphilis, it was observed that Brazil has a prenatal coverage of 90%, with the majority of pregnant women undergoing prenatal care, although it does not reflect its quality. It is concluded that syphilis is a disease with a high number of cases in Brazil. In this context, the number of cases is related to vulnerabilities (whether economic, geographical, or educational) of the infected, associated with a lack of specific knowledge to understand the severity and risks that this disease poses, leading to its dissemination in the population.Item Os números da obesidade no Brasil: uma reflexão sobre causas, impactos e enfrentamento(2024-03-08) Freitas, Ana Beatriz Maia de; Souza, Andréa Carla Mendonça de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7930636205116799Obesity, a multifactorial chronic disease, is defined as an accumulation of abnormal or excessive fat that can be harmful to health, affecting people of all social groups and ages. It is contemporary, being spread in developed and developing countries around the world. Its occurrence causes, in addition to the consequences of obesity itself on quality of life and health, the development of other comorbidities that are associated with it. Heart disease, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, cancer and mental illnesses are triggered or worsened by the presence of obesity. Among the causes of the pathology are the increase in the rate of sedentary lifestyle and the maintenance of eating habits increasingly rich in ultra-processed foods with high levels of sugar, fat and sodium. Likewise, the analysis of the social determinants of obesity is addressed, which contributes to the development of reflections and promotion of the identification of effective solutions to issues that refer to gender, race, level of education, economic inequality and other situations, given that the intensity of chronic non-communicable diseases such as obesity varies according to certain contexts. Based on the aspects mentioned, the objective of this study is to carry out a bibliographical review addressing the main definitions, numbers, projections, causes, impacts and treatment measures available to combat obesity in the country. This is a literature review with searches in online databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and SciELO, as well as websites of the World Health Organization, Pan American Health Organization and Ministry of Health. The selection criteria were scientific productions with freely available texts, in English and Portuguese and with the time frame of the most accessed publications in recent years. It can be concluded that so far, it is not possible to observe a decrease in the numbers of overweight and obesity in the country. The social determinants of obesity such as gender, social class, income and educational level, for example, must be debated in order to establish strategies to combat the pathology in the population. State intervention with the development of public policies is crucial in the advancement and promotion of a society with healthy habits and which has as one of its pillars the quality of life and effective reduction in obesity rates and its associated diseases.Item Análise espacial da transmissão de esquistossomose urbana em Jaboatão dos Guararapes no contexto da saúde única(2024-03-08) Araujo, Emilly Kilma Gomes de; Fonsêca, Francinete Torres Barreiro da; Gomes, Elainne Christine de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7173069660592793; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2545929400317612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540954285503240Schistosomiasis mansoni is a Neglected Tropical Disease transmitted by the worm Schistosoma mansoni. The disease has historically manifested itself in rural areas in Brazil, but has migrated to urbanized contexts, related to rainfall and flooding, mainly in coastal areas of the state of Pernambuco. This work aims to investigate the environmental transmission factors that condition the spread of schistosomiasis, in the neighborhood of Candeias, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, in the context of Saúde Única. Methodology: All floods, sewage outlets, open sewers, houses that were part of the coproscopic survey in May 2023 and the breeders of Biomphalaria spp found in the study area were georeferenced with the help of GPS in the months of August and October 2023. Parasitological diagnosis was performed using the Kato-Katz and Hoffmann techniques. The snails were subjected to light exposure to identify Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Spatial analyzes were carried out using the QGIS program. Conclusion: 19 creators were identified, 1 of which was a transmission foci, all of specie Biomphalaria glabrata. The community presented 53 positive individuals, with positivity rates of 11.67% for schistosomiasis and 2.86% positive for geohelminthiasis. Of the total, 79% of cases were of mild intensity, 13.9% of medium intensity and 6.9% of high intensity. The individuals with the highest parasite load were in the houses close to Lagoa Olho D’água, while the cases were conducted as the houses were further away from the Lagoa. The street with the most breeders also had a high distribution of sewage outlets. Most of the snails were found in open sewers. It was possible to observe through flood spots that the community is completely exposed during times of flooding caused by heavy rain. A scheme was created that illustrates the interaction between animals-humans-environment in the transmission of schistosomiasis through the One Health approach, highlighting environmental sanitation, the presence of snails and poverty as the main factors in the transmission of the disease.Item Análise de incidência de câncer de vesícula biliar em pacientes atendidos no Laboratório Municipal de Saúde Pública do Recife (2014 - 2022)(2024-02-05) Santos, Bruna Maria Correia dos; Souza, Paulo Roberto Eleutério de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1971832245117283; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2311174575605049Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is considered a rare type of cancer by the World Health Organization (WHO) and characterized by the absence of symptoms in the early stages, but in advanced stages manifests with abdominal pain. The WHO considers this type of tumor as the most common in the biliary tract, associating it with risk factors such as gallstones, age, female sex, and a higher propensity in white individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gallbladder cancer in patients undergoing elective cholecystectomies, assessing the occurrence of GBC in patients treated at the Municipal Public Health Laboratory of the Recife- Pernambuco from 2014 to 2022. An observational, retrospective, descriptive-analytical study was conducted using secondary sources of patients diagnosed with GBC from 2014 to 2022. A total of 17,970 medical records were analyzed during the study period. Among these, 10 were related to the gallbladder, and only 2 had a diagnosis of GBC. The female sex was present in 70% (7/10) of the cases and 50% were diagnosed with gallstone disease. The most performed operation was simple cholecystectomy. In the two patients with GBC, the diagnosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma was confirmed. Tumor staging revealed 50% (1/2) at stage IIIb and 50% (1/2) at stage II among the examined cases. Thus, this study confirmed the prevalence of gallbladder adenocarcinoma in GBC and identified cholelithiasis as the main risk factor similar to previous studies.