Navegando por Assunto "Recursos hídricos"

Agora exibindo 1 - 9 de 9

Caracterização morfométrica e ocupação do solo como instrumentos de análise da bacia do Açude Cachoeira I
(2019-12-12) Santos, Antonio Genessis Bezerra dos; Bezerra, Alan Cezar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3690303625468223; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2480364080452279
In large urban centers, with high population density, requires a higher demand for water. Problems generated by the decrease in water quantity and quality, together with climate change, have made the physical and biotic characteristics of the basin more evident, aiming to improve the analysis of these water problems, improving the use for human supply. Thus, the study sought to determine the morphometry and changes in land use and occupation over the watershed. The use of Digital Elevation Models (DEM), processed in Quantum GIS software (QGIS) with the aid of TauDEM hydrological analysis complement provides the calculations of the morphometric parameters: Compactness Coefficient, Form Factor, Drainage Density Index, main river (km / km), Winding Index (%) and Concentration Time (h), plus ground cover obtained from MAPBIOMAS data. The data obtained show that the Cachoeira II reservoir presents no flood risks because it has an elongated shape, the predominance of the relief is wavy and lightly hilly, the main river presents low winding which causes a higher flow velocity. In addition, the natural vegetation has decreased in the basin, which may cause erosion and sediment transport, as well as a decrease in the waters of the reservoir to supply the city of Serra Talhada -PE.
Concepção e instalação de pré tratamento simplificado de esgoto doméstico no semiárido de Pernambuco
(2018) Silva, Aureliana Greice Oliveira da; Montenegro, Abelardo Antônio de Assunção; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7947714302950574; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5247521278052200
Contribuição para o cálculo automático do balanço hídrico segundo Thornthwaite & Mather
(1980) Cavalcanti, Antônio Faustino
Contribuição para o cálculo automático do balanço hídrico segundo THORNTHWAITE & MATHER.
Desperdício de água nas redes de distribuição no Brasil: uma revisão atualizada
(2025-03-20) Silva, Adrielly Costa da; Silva, Robson José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7515677435963888; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2754815465187962
O desperdício de água nas redes de distribuição no Brasil representa um grande desafio para a eficiência do saneamento. Apesar de o país deter 12% da água doce do planeta, a infraestrutura precária e a falta de investimentos em tecnologias de monitoramento e controle agravam esse problema. Diante desse cenário, o presente estudo analisou, por meio de revisão bibliográfica atualizada, as principais causas das perdas de água e as soluções adotadas para mitigá-las. Os resultados indicaram que as perdas podem ser reais, causadas por vazamentos, extravasamentos, variações de pressão e falhas estruturais, ou aparentes, causadas por fraudes, erros de medição e cadastros desatualizados. Além disso, a análise dos índices de perdas mostrou que em 2022, o Brasil perdeu 37,8% da água potável, sendo mais elevadas na região Norte e Nordeste devido à infraestrutura precária e menor fiscalização. Dentre as estratégias mais eficazes para reduzir essas perdas, é possível destacar a setorização da rede, o uso de sensores inteligentes, o controle de pressão e a aplicação de inteligência artificial para monitoramento e gestão da distribuição. Essas estratégias, quando aliadas à modernização da infraestrutura, às medidas preventivas e às tecnologias inovadoras podem aprimorar a eficiência do sistema de abastecimento, além de garantir a conservação dos recursos hídricos no Brasil.
Experiências na gestão de recursos hídricos na Agência Pernambucana de Águas e Clima (APAC)
(2023-09-06) Silva, Maria Vitória e; Corrêa, Marcus Metri; Fontes Júnior, Robertson Valério de Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8410207271995953; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3722390324317011; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0187019219441083
Maquete temática: deterioração dos recursos hídricos
(2019-02-14) Moraes, Guilherme Souza de; Dill, Paulo Roberto Jaques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4253323933047125; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0640280937337680
The lack of basic sanitation is one of the worst infrastructural problems in Brazil. Practically half of the population does not have access to basic sanitation of any type. Every person may feel impaired, but some figures show inequalities: children are the most affected in terms of mortality; the regions North and Northeast have the worst coverage index; rural population is the most neglected. Rivers, shores and streets are frequent destinations of the waste water. The majority of sewage systems pollutes the environment, however this pollution is not easily observable since sewage goes subterraneous, to groundwater. Groundwater supplies rivers and reservoirs. Then, water quality of a spring can influence water quality of reservoirs. At the same time, there are solutions that can be implemented in rural areas to the treatment of sewage. One of the solutions is the model denominated “Tratamento de Efluentes Caseiros” (literally translated as “Homemade Effluent Treatment”), developed by Rocha (2001), which is a type of ecological sanitation. In this system, human dejects are fermented and mineralized, and plants absorb minerals and water. However, for implementing this technology, rural population needs to know it and understand its importance, what Environmental Education, or Rural Extension can help. The present work objected developing a thematic scale model that could help students to understand that technology operation, comparing it with a rudimentary sewage system (pit latrine). A thematic scale model reproduced those two designs, and obtained high perception from students about the final difference of water quality. Therefore, the thematic model scale can be utilized in classes of Environmental Education to approach contamination of water resources through sanitary sewage system.
Proposta de manual ambiental e diagnóstico de conformidade legal em uma empresa de exploração de águas subterrâneas
(2025-08-01) Grimaldi Filho, Geraldo Albuquerque; Costa Filho, Francisco das Chagas da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2930296374645794; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0219945654041909
As águas subterrâneas têm papel estratégico no abastecimento no Brasil, sobretudo em áreas urbanas e semiáridas, o que exige gestão e conformidade legal robustas. Este estudo teve por objetivo elaborar um manual ambiental sobre captação e comercialização de águas subterrâneas e aplicá-lo para diagnóstico de conformidade em uma empresa da Região Metropolitana do Recife (PE). O manual foi desenvolvido a partir de pesquisa exploratória em fontes acadêmicas, institucionais e na legislação brasileira, e sua aplicabilidade foi testada por meio de formulário diagnóstico (Anexo A). Os resultados mostram que, embora a empresa atenda a requisitos mínimos, persistem fragilidades em atualização cadastral, organização documental, treinamentos, rotinas preventivas, monitoramento contínuo da qualidade da água e registro de operações e licenças. As melhorias propostas incluem fortalecimento das rotinas administrativas, digitalização de registros, capacitação da equipe e implantação de programas permanentes de gestão e conservação de aquíferos. Conclui-se que integrar atendimento legal, aplicação prática do manual e uma cultura organizacional de prevenção é essencial para a conformidade sustentável e para o fortalecimento institucional no setor de águas subterrâneas.
Situação dos recursos hídricos e da irrigação nos Municípios do Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco, a partir do censo agropecuário de 2017
(2019-02-08) Carvalho, Felipe Galindo Jácome de; Borges Filho, Epaminondas Luiz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9634125258121902; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4435208873918259
Currently Brazil has an irrigated area of 6.95 million hectares. The knowledge of the irrigated areas and their geographic distribution is of fundamental importance for the planning of the management of the water resources. The objective of this work was to analyze the situation of water resources and irrigated agriculture in the municipalities that make up the Meridonal Agreste of Pernambuco from the Agricultural Census of 2017. The methodology of the work was divided into four stages: i) characterization of irrigation and its evolution in Brazil and in the world; ii) socioeconomic survey and surface and groundwater resources of the municipalities of the Meridional Agreste; iii) survey of the water resources present in agricultural establishments and iv) the characterization of the irrigation used in the municipalities of the agreste region according to the irrigation method employed. The Meridional Agreste region is mainly cut by intermittent rivers and the groundwater potential for irrigation utilization is low, due to the high concentration of salts present in the water in much of the region. The municipalities of Brejão, Tupanatinga, Garanhuns, Saloá, Buíque, Canhotinho and Paranatama presented more than 50% of the groundwater sweet. The municipalities of Iati, Capoeiras, Venturosa, Águas Belas, Itaíba, Caetés, Pedra, Bom Conselho, Jurema, Lagoa do Ouro and Lajedo were the municipalities that presented more than 50% of the saline groundwater. Of the Meridional Agreste establishments, 86.8% do not have springs and 75.4% do not have rivers / streams. Of these resources, only 29.8% of the springs and 32.2% of the rivers / streams are protected by forests. 65.1% of the establishments declare to have cisterns, 26.0% declare to have a well and 22.2% declare that they do not have a cistern or a well. Irrigation is present in only 6.8% of Meridional Agreste establishments and the most used methods were localized Irrigation (34.3%), wetness (33.1%) and sprinkler (25.1%).
Uso do sensoriamento remoto para o monitoramento hídrico da Barragem de Serrinha II no Semiárido Pernambucano
(2019) Carvalho, Wilson dos Anjos; Bezerra, Alan Cezar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3690303625468223; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4645802692572927
The semiarid region is a place that suffers great water shortages, with evaporation rates high and irregular precipitation during the year. This causes a water deficit for the area. This shows a large number of reservoirs built for water storage during the dry season. With all this problematic that studies on the evaporative rates are of great importance for better management of the water resources. The objective of this work is to estimate the water loss using remote sensing between the years of 2012 and 2018 in the Serrinha II reservoir. The study area is located in the Pajeú River basin, with a capacity of 311.000.000 m3 . To obtain orbital data, it used the United States Geological Survey (USGS) platform. These data were geoprocessed in the GIS environment using Qgis 2.18 Las Palmas software. The meteorological information was acquired in the station of Floresta and being worked in Excel. Evaluating the orbital data compared to the evaporative method of Kohler and Parmale (1967), which was the model that stood out statistically. He verified that in the period of 2012 the season of soft drought the reservoir still has a very significant concentration due to the fact of the drought is in the beginning therefore a great concentration in the reservoir. In the year 2013 to 2017 there is a significant reduction from 1.520.100 to only 313.650 ha. In this way it observes that the prolonged drought period significantly decreases the quantity of the water body. Raising the weir area of Serrinha II for the year 2018, with approximately 684.450 ha. Generating a 29,58% increase in the useful volume of the reservoir in the period of 2012. Indices were very high for the region, since it is the semiarid, directly influencing the reduction of the water body. Thus the use of remote sensing is efficient to make a study over time, analyzing periods of rain and drought that have greatly influenced the reservoir.