Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (Sede)
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/5
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Item Taxocenose de térmitas (Blattodea: Isoptera) em área de canavial no estado de Pernambuco(2025-03-17) Queiroz Neta, Maria Tereza de; Liberal, Carolina Nunes; Couto, Alane Ayana Vieira de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0966439041863782; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7390869942259612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9719394425056723A cana-de-açúcar é uma cultura de grande relevância socioeconômica para o Brasil. Muitos fatores podem limitar a produtividade como a ocorrência de pragas, entre elas os térmitas. Ainda que muitas espécies de térmitas sejam causadoras de prejuízos, esses insetos desempenham funções ecológicas importantes. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a taxocenose de térmitas em uma área de canavial no estado de Pernambuco, determinar o grupo trófico e potencial como praga de cada espécie e comparar os dados obtidos com outra área de canavial do mesmo estado e mesorregião. A pesquisa foi realizada na Estação Experimental de Cana-de-Açúcar do Carpina, Carpina-PE, utilizando um protocolo de amostragem contendo transectos e parcelas predeterminadas. Os térmitas coletados foram identificados e para cada área foram obtidos os principais descritores de comunidade e as taxoenoses foram ordenadas e as suas estrutura comparadas através de nMDS e PERMANOVA, respectivamente. Foram registradas 13 espécies, todas pertencentes a família Termitidae, distribuídas em seis subfamílias. As espécies Amitermes nordestinus e Anoplotermes sp.3 foram as mais abundantes. A classificação dos grupos tróficos mostrou que o grupo III foi o mais representativo em riqueza e abundância. O nMDS indicou a formação de grupos. Além disso, a PERMANOVA indicou diferenças significativas na composição das comunidades entre as duas áreas, indicando que mesmo em áreas de monocultura as taxocenoses variam de acordo com a influência das características específicas de cada ecossistema. Os dados obtidos foram comparados com o trabalho de Couto et al. (2019) em outra área de canavial no município de Igarassu/PE. A maioria das espécies coletadas não causam danos à cultura, evidenciando que nem todas as espécies são ou têm potencial para se tornarem pragas. Ressalta-se a importância do monitoramento a fim de prevenir o uso indiscriminado de defensivos agrícolas. Este estudo poderá auxiliar pesquisas, que visem o controle de pragas e a busca por práticas mais sustentáveis.Item Taxocenose de térmitas (Blattodea: Isoptera) em área de canavial e floresta de eucalipto(2025-03-21) Ferreira, Alex Richard Vicente; Liberal, Carolina Nunes; Couto, Alane Ayana Vieira de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0966439041863782; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7390869942259612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3162720995113003O cultivo da cana-de-açúcar e do eucalipto ocupa um lugar de destaque na economia agrícola e florestal do Brasil. A mudança no uso do solo gera impactos que afetam a biodiversidade. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo comparar as taxocenoses de térmitas de uma área de cana-de-açúcar com a de uma área de eucalipto, avaliando como a alteração da cultura afeta as taxocenoses locais. O estudo foi realizado entre julho de 2024 e janeiro de 2025 na Estação Experimental de Cana-de-açúcar do Carpina (EECAC - UFRPE), localizada no município de Carpina, Pernambuco. Foram amostradas as taxocenoses de térmitas em duas áreas distintas: uma cultivada com cana-de-açúcar (variedade RB041443) e outra originalmente utilizada para o cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, a qual foi substituída pelo plantio de Eucalyptus spp. O método de amostragem incluiu seis transectos medindo 65 m x 2 m, subdivididos em cinco setores de 5 m x 2 m, com intervalos de 10 metros entre cada setor. Ao todo, foram registradas 17 espécies e 147 encontros, pertencentes exclusivamente à família Termitidae, distribuídas em sete subfamílias, com destaque para a subfamília Apicotermitinae. A riqueza das duas áreas foi semelhante, porém a abundância e composição das taxocenoses foram diferentes. A área de eucalipto apresentou maior abundância e maior número de espécies exclusivas. As espécies consideradas pragas, apesar de presentes, não apresentaram dominância. Apesar da semelhança na riqueza de espécies, as diferenças na composição das taxocenoses reflete a influência do tipo de cultivo sobre a fauna de térmitas. A abundância da subfamília Apicotermitinae (se alimentando de matéria orgânica em decomposição) em ambas as áreas reforça que nem todas as espécies de térmitas são pragas, sendo muitas essenciais para a manutenção do equilíbrio ecológico.Item Efeito de organofosforado e piretróide no desenvolvimento e sobrevivência de microcrustáceo marinho(2025-03-17) Carvalho, Maria Laura Soares Couto de; Araújo, Cristiane Maria Varela de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8181142206633795; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6852583935346322A poluição de recursos hídricos proveniente da utilização em grande escala de agrotóxicos é um problema crescente no Brasil e muitas vezes os efeitos causados pela utilização destas substâncias não são devidamente investigados. O grupo dos organofosforados é um dos que apresenta mais utilização nas áreas agrícolas, sendo o herbicida Glifosato o organofosforado utilizado no presente estudo. Os piretróides, como o praguicida Deltametrina, também são bastante utilizados em cultivos agrícolas, além de seu uso doméstico e veterinário. Este trabalho analisou a sobrevivência e o desenvolvimento do microcrustáceo da espécie Tisbe biminiensis sob efeito de diferentes concentrações do Glifosato e Deltametrina após 72 h de exposição. Os bioensaios consistiram na utilização de náuplios (primeira fase de vida) com idade de 0-24h, os quais eram expostos a diferentes concentrações do herbicida e inseticida em questão. Após 72 h de exposição, o conteúdo de cada frasco foi fixado com formol e corado com Rosa de Bengala para posterior contagem e determinação do estágio de vida. Foram calculados os percentuais de desenvolvimento e sobrevivência, e foi realizado o Teste-t de Student para as amostras nos três bioensaios realizados. Nos ensaios com exposição ao herbicida organofosforado Glifosato foi observado uma tendência ao atraso no desenvolvimento dos náuplios de Tisbe biminiensis, quando os indivíduos foram expostos às concentrações de 5,9 mg/L, 11,8 mg/L, 23,6 mg/L, 47,3 mg/L e 94,6 mg/L. Também foi observado efeito na sobrevivência dos organismos nas concentrações de 11,8 mg/L, 23,6 mg/L, 47,3 mg/L. Nos ensaios realizados com o inseticida piretróide Deltametrina foi observado efeito letalnos grupos expostos às concentrações de 0,5 µg/L, 1,5 µg/L e 2,5 µg/L.Item Diversidade de besouros escarabeíneos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco UFRPE/Sede(2024-10-04) Assis Júnior, José Fernando de; Liberal, Carolina Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7390869942259612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8327288458916924Scarab beetles are called "dung beetles", this name was given due to the peculiar behavior of some individuals, these beetles modulate and roll some balls made with the feces of other animals. In Brazil, 786 species included in 69 genera are recorded, and in the state of Pernambuco, 16 species distributed in 8 genera are found. The consequences of the behavior and life cycle of these individuals include several environmental services, such as increased nutrient cycling rate in the environment, soil fertilization and aeration, reduced transmission of some vertebrate parasites by killing larvae and eggs, secondary seed dispersal and contribution of biomass to higher trophic levels. However, environmental disturbances can drastically alter the structure of the community, decrease diversity and lead to the loss of ecosystem functions of scarab beetles. The present study aimed to understand the diversity of scarab beetles at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. With approximately 147 hectares of extension, the UFRPE Main Campus has areas composed of vegetation from the Atlantic Forest biome. Three collections were carried out in each season, two collections in August and October 2023, in addition to four collections in the months of January, March, April and May 2024, totaling six collections. To capture scarab beetles, 10 points were delimited at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, with a minimum distance between points of 100 m. The area was mapped using the AlpineQuest program and at each of the points a set of two pitfall traps was installed, 3 m apart from each other, totaling 20 traps in the study area. Due to the fall of trees and opening of the canopy, the vegetation structure was modified, making it necessary to change some points for collection during the rainy months. For the ecological analysis, we used the Rényi Diversity Profile, the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Levene test and the Tukey test to complement the results of the Analysis of Variance. Analyzing the baits and seasons, we observed that species diversity was higher in the feces pitfalls and in the rainy season. The analysis of variance for species abundance showed that there was an interaction between the bait and season factors, in other words, the impact of one factor depends on the level of another factor, which was not observed in the analysis of variance for species richness.Item Efeitos da elicitação isolada e combinada de ácido salicílico e metil jasmonato nos parâmetros biométricos e bioquímicos em Lippia alba (Verbenaceae)(2024-09-27) Paula, Maria Eduarda Magalhães de; Sperandio, Marcus Vinícius Loss; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4157291425794314; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8710784594902570Lippia alba is an aromatic shrub from the Verbenaceae family, primarily associated with Brazil's Caatinga and Cerrado regions. It is used in traditional medicine for its pharmacological properties, those being attributed to the essential oil the plant produces as a defense mechanism. A tool that can be used to increase the productivity of bioactive compounds in both in vitro and in vivo development is elicitation. This study aims to analyze the effects of isolated and combined applications of the elicitors Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid on L. alba, using biochemical and biometric data as parameters one week after the elicitation. Cuttings of L. alba were maintained in hydroponic cultivation and later transferred to a greenhouse. The combined and isolated treatments received a concentration of 4 mM Salicylic Acid and 2 mM Methyl Jasmonate. An additional group was established, receiving an application of 1% ethanol. The experiment was harvested one week after the elicitation. Elicited treatments showed significant differences in essential oil yield, oxidative stress analysis, and enzymatic activity compared to the control. Growth parameters, along with carbohydrate and protein levels, kept similar patterns in all treatments. In vivo, combined Salicylic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate elicitation increased essential oil yield on L. alba without affecting biomass production, suggesting an efficient modulation of the plant metabolism. Therefore, elicitation at the tested concentrations demonstrated to be a viable tool to optimize the production of bioactive compounds in this species in a short elicitation period.Item Influência da adição de NPK no crescimento, respostas bioquímicas e estresse oxidativo em Pavonia humifusa A. St.-Hil. (Malvaceae) sob estresse hídrico(2024-09-27) Nóbrega, Marina Morais; Sperandio, Marcus Vinícius Loss; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4157291425794314; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6953276255530257Water stress can trigger a series of plant metabolic changes, affecting their biochemistry and morphology. The variability of rainfall cycles creates challenges to adaptation. However, nitrogen supplementation (NPK) can play a crucial role in this context, as these nutrients are fundamental for maintaining metabolism, especially under stress conditions. The present study evaluated the effects of nutritional supplementation on the biochemical and morphological responses of Pavonia humifusa plants under water stress. After 21 days of supplementation, water stress was induced for 29 days. The experiment included two NPK treatments: with and without NPK associated with two conditions of water availability: control and stress. Biometric parameters (aerial and root dry biomass), physiological parameters (relative water content and SPAD index), primary metabolism parameters (pigment and proline content), stress markers (malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide) and enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) were analyzed. ANOVA analyzed the data at 5% and the means were compared by the SNK test using the R software. The analyses carried out indicate that after nutritional application with NPK, P. humifusa showed a better growth rate, as well as a higher total chlorophyll content in vivo. The plants supplemented with NPK also showed better adaptation to water stress with a reduction in oxidative stress. In addition, with NPK supplementation, P. humifusa responded to be less susceptible to water stress by increasing the enzymatic activity of SOD and Proline, the main osmoregulatory amino acid in water stress conditions. The results obtained suggest that nutritional supplementation with NPK plays an important role in biochemical and physiological regulation against water stress in P. humifusa.Item A Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Aldeia-Beberibe como local de pesquisa acadêmica: uma análise da produção científica realizada entre 2000 e 2022(2024-10-04) Silva, Mariane Cássia da; Silva, Ana Carolina Borges Lins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7518216414237885; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1828286294878920The Atlantic Forest is a critical global biodiversity hotspot. In the Brazilian Northeast, the Aldeia-Beberibe Environmental Protection Area (APA) plays a key role in forest conservation and the protection of headwaters for some of the region’s important rivers. Analysing the scientific studies conducted in this area provides insights into its biodiversity and aids in planning conservation efforts. This research aimed to assess how the area is being used for biodiversity studies, which locations are being accessed, and to understand the fields of research being published. A bibliographic survey covering the period from 2000 to 2022 was conducted, with data collection extending from September 2023 to June 2024, to examine scientific trends, categorizing studies by research areas, locations, and the involvement of other protected areas within the territory. The analysis revealed a gradual increase in research since the creation of APA Aldeia-Beberibe in 2010. Botany, Zoology, and Ecology were the most frequently published fields, with research concentrated in the Mata da Usina São José Wildlife Reserve (RVS) and the Dois Irmãos State Park (PEDI). These results provide significant insights into the local biodiversity, indicating better guidance for managing the APA Aldeia-Beberibe, as well as information for a more effective conservation strategies for this natural heritage.Item Influência do cocultivo de bactérias promotoras de crescimento no desenvolvimento morfofisiológico de Canistrum aurantiacum (Bromeliaceae)(2024-03-07) Ferreira, Esdras de Souza; Silva, Cláudia Ulisses de Carvalho; Oliveira, Henarmmany Cristina Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6859724202937192; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7161911278790052; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0201835717024585The reintroduction of vulnerable species is a common practice in ecological conservation and restoration, aiming to address the challenges arising from habitat fragmentation and climate change. However, reintroduction attempts of native plants, such as Canistrum aurantiacum, often encounter difficulties in establishing lasting reproductive populations. A promising approach to improve the success of these reintroductions is co-cultivation with growth-promoting bacteria (GPBs), which can benefit plant development at various stages of cultivation. This study sought to evaluate the impact of GPB co-cultivation on the growth and development of C. aurantiacum seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse attached to the Plant Physiology Laboratory (LFP) at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife-PE. Seeds of C. aurantiacum were sown in trays containing organic substrate and washed sand. After 90 days, the plants were transplanted into containers containing a mixture of organic substrate and sand, previously sterilized. Five GPB treatments, including a control, with 10 replicates each, were used. The plants were inoculated with bacterial suspension or sterile deionized water and maintained under these conditions for 64 days. Biometric and total chlorophyll content analyses were conducted throughout the experiment. The data obtained were analysed using ANOVA, and the means were compared employing the Tukey test at a 5% significance level. However, no significant differences were observed between the treatments regarding these variables. The results indicate that GPB inoculation had no significant effect on the growth and chlorophyll content of C. aurantiacum during the study period. This finding suggests that other factors, such as interspecific interactions between plants and microorganisms, may have influenced plant development. Therefore, further research is needed to better understand the effectiveness of GPB co-cultivation as a management strategy for vulnerable species in reintroduction programs.Item Diagnóstico coproparasitológico e avaliação da resistência anti-helmíntica da helmintose gastrintestinal em pequenos ruminantes(2021-09-30) Medeiros, Anderson Eduardo Correia; Alves, Leucio Câmara; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6563157522654726; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8784589514336726Gastrointestinal helminthiasis in small ruminants, especially those caused by nematodes, are frequent and require treatment with anthelmintics. Some factors such as management, inadequate treatment and underdosage can lead to the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR), representing a global problem. The benzimidazole (BZ) class is one of the most widely used in the treatment of helminthiasis and consequently one of the most common with resistance problems. One of the parasites most associated with AR in small ruminants is Haemonchus contortus, which causes serious problems in the herd and can lead to the death of the animal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform the coproparasitological diagnosis of small ruminants and detect molecular markers associated with resistance to BZs in populations of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants in the state of Pernambuco. Feces were collected from 73 goats and three sheep from three farms and analyzed using the FLOTAC parasitological technique to obtain eggs per gram of feces (EPG). In addition, the abomasum content of 40 sheep was collected for adult helminth screening. A pool of feces was collected per farm and stool culture was performed to obtain infective third-stage larvae (L3). Adult helminthes and L3 were subjected to DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for species identification and confirmation. The resistance profile of these parasites was determined by PCR amplification for the beta-tubulin gene related to AR, followed by sequencing. As a result, in FLOTAC the overall average was 1,797 Strongyloidea eggs. In stool cultures, L3 of Haemonchus sp. were the most frequently found, followed by Trichostrongylus spp. In the collection of abomasal contents, 15/40 (37,5%) of the animals presented the nematode. The PCR result of L3 and adult helminths confirmed the presence of H. contortus. However, no point mutations associated with BZs were found in the codons that have already been reported in H. contortus. Knowledge of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes present in small ruminants is essential to mitigate the development and dissemination of resistant isolates in Pernambuco.Item Levantamento e análise da variabilidade genética do gênero Siderastrea Blainville, 1830(2024-10-04) Lira, Jean Tácio Tôrres de; Amaral, Fernanda Maria Duarte do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7026011892824176; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0569107903225207This study aimed to fill gaps in knowledge about the genetic and phylogenetic diversity of the genus Siderastrea (Blainville, 1830), important coral reef-building organisms, with a greater focus on the species Siderastrea stellata (Verrill, 1868). Partially bleached colonies of the species S. stellata were collected on Gaibu beach, from November 2022 to January 2023 and the genomic DNA of the colonies was extracted using the Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit. A specific primer pair was designed to confirm the species S. stellata and the identification of the colonies was performed by the conventional PCR technique. The analysis of the variability between the colonies was performed by the RAPD technique using 06 random ITS primers. Furthermore, to analyze whether there was genetic variability among the S. stellata samples in the Genbank genomic database, we downloaded all sequences and performed sequence alignment. Subsequently, phylogenetic analyses were performed among the deposited samples using the Mega platform. Finally, in silico restriction enzyme analyses were performed to search for restriction enzymes that could be used to differentiate between the isolates. The results obtained with the RAPD technique did not provide sufficient data to identify genetic variability among the samples analyzed in the present study. On the other hand, regarding the data from the phylogenetic analysis, it was possible to find differences between the sequences of isolates from different regions. There was greater genetic proximity between S. stellata isolates from Panama and Brazil and less proximity to the isolate from Mexico. Siderastrea savigneana stood out as the most distant ancestor within the genus. In addition, it was possible to detect preliminary genetic variations among the populations evaluated, using data from the in silico restriction analysis. Thus, this study provides a first approach to genetic analysis of variability within the species of S. stellata. However, more in-depth studies are needed and may help to clarify the complexity of the genetic variability of the genus, in addition to assisting in management and conservation strategies for these organisms and the marine ecosystems they support.