Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (Sede)
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/5
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APP - Artigo Publicado em Periódico
TAE - Trabalho Apresentado em Evento
TCC - Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Microbiota bacteriana associada a pele de Scinax x-signatus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Hylidae) em Pernambuco, Brasil(2020-02-03) Santos, Lara Valesca Mendonça da Costa; Santos, Alcina Gabriela Maria Medeiros da Fonsêca; Moura, Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348666346504103; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4938571253882757; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6095901652697979The presence of a symbiotic microflora in extremely sensitive animals like amphibians is crucial for the development of an immune system capable of fighting the main opportunistic infectious agents in the environment. Scinax x- signatus is a anuro which has a general and synanthropic behavior occurring in forests and urban areas, but there are no identification studies of bacterial microbiota associated with skin of this animal. The objective of this study was to identify the skin microbiota of Scinax x-signatus in two areas in the Botanical Garden Reef (08 º 04’ S, 34 º 59’ W) and compare the resident and transient microorganisms. Rinses were performed with sterile distilled water to remove the animals from transient microflora and swabs wiped on the skin to collect the resident microflora. Samples were predictively you identify in selective media, as Chromogenic Agar, Cetremide, EMB Agar and MacConkey agar For the analyzes, we used Fisher Test and Cluster Analysis to verify the similarity between the collection areas. 24 sample were isolated from bacterial microflora and predictive methods were taxa 5: Pseudomonas spp. (43%) occurring in most samples, Escherichia coli (22%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18%), Enterococcus faecalis (12%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4%), with the lower frequency. The microbiota from the anthropized area showed less similarity between the resident and transient samples. Cluster Analysis indicated that the microbiota from the control area was more similar among transients and residents samples, possibly due to the low degree of spatial heterogeneity. Scinax x-signatus specimes presented skin microorganisms of medical interest that are similar to other species of frogs. S. x-signatus has great ecological importance to ecosystems, and studies to research antimicrobial potential on the skin and in the microbiota associated with S. x-signatus are very important for the production of pharmaceuticals.Item Diversidade de genes de resistência em bactérias de ambientes extremos(2022-10-07) Silva, Erivelton Gomes da; Freitas, Nara Suzy Aguiar de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6891650997818766; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9369370749452563Bacteria from extreme environments are poorly understood and the evolutionary histories linked to resistance and virulence gene patterns are still hidden. Although they are usually associated with a single extreme condition, they are often described as multi-resistances, which we assume is due to their rich genetic arsenal. Studying the diversity of these genes can help us to understand how bacterial life adapts in the scenario of environmental changes resulting from human action. This work studied the diversity of resistance mechanisms in bacteria and their shared genes between representatives of the Terrabacteria and Proteobacteria taxa. 16 genomes from 12 genera was selected, including thermophilic, psychrophilic, halotolerant, radiotolerant, acidophilic and resistant to heavy metals bacteria, in addition to 44 resistance genes. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with the 16S rRNA sequences (MEGA software). The sequences of the genes of interest were aligned against the NCBI/BLAST database, and their relationships to Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs) obtained (IslandViewer 4). Among the gene products, we highlight the Quorum Sensing molecules for biofilm formation, present among phylogenetically distant taxa, where homologous signalers and receptors can be used to understand multi-resistances in extreme environments. On the other hand, we also found genes that act together in the creation of resistance, such as the mutS/mutL DNA repair genes, or the resistance genes to several phaE/phaC stressors, but which in some taxa showed the absence of one of alleles, or significant variations in the percentage of alignment of the alignments, indicating a possible difference in functionality. Other genes were more restricted to certain taxa, such as the ddrD of the radiotolerant Deinococcus radiodurans, which acts within a specific scenario of radiation and nutritional scarcity, in which case the improvement of a single gene/product led to a multi-resistance mechanism. Another example of restrictiveness is the phaE gene of the multidrug-resistant Rubrobacter xylanophilus, which cooperates in robustness and resistance to stress in this species. We also observed three cases of correlation between MGEs and resistance genes: the first in the occurrence of the radiotolerance gene recA in Genomic Islands in Thermus sp; another in the relationship of MGEs and Genomic Islands with the ars and cad genes, for arsenic and cadmium resistance, respectively, in Geobacillus stearothermophilus; and finally, the relationship of the Acidiphilium sp gene kdpB with plasmids in several of the taxa studied. This evidence indicates that, at least for a small part of these mechanisms, there is a potential for sharing resistance genes through Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT). This potential for mobility could be an excellent biotechnological tool in the genomic editing of bacteria used in the bioremediation of contaminated environments. We believe that further studies of patterns and variations, phylogenetic analyzes and correlation of these genes with MGEs and genomic islands, may be ways to understand more about the diversity of resistance genes in extremophile bacteria.Item Avaliação das atividades antioxidantes de exopolissacarídeos (EPS) produzidos a partir de Enterococcus sp. isolado de queijo coalho artesanal(2022-05-26) Santos, Sybelle Montenegro dos; Soares, Maria Taciana Cavalcanti Vieira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3917225553030089; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2605906179220160Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are macromolecules produced by different microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB), as probiotic strains of Enterococcus. These have, in addition to bioactive properties, such as antioxidants, which neutralize oxidative stress in the host and reduce the use of artificial products harmful to health, proven therapeutic efficacy and high availability, are also indicated for several biotechnological applications. In this scenario, trends in healthy food consumption open new perspectives for the application of biopolymers such as EPS produced by BAL as additives and functional ingredients. Therefore, the objective was to produce, extract and evaluate the antioxidant activities of EPS produced by Enterococcus sp. isolated from artisanal coalho cheese from the State of Pernambuco, by scavenging the radicals: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic (ABTS) and superoxide, through tests carried out in the laboratory, using EPS at the following concentrations: 0.2 0.5 1 1.5 and 2 mg/mL. The results obtained were applied in mathematical equations, according to each method used, and compared with ascorbic acid as a positive control. In addition, the mean and standard deviation were used for the ANOVA test with a significance of p < 0.05. Among the results found, it is remarkable the antioxidant activities developed by EPS 133v through its ability to eliminate free radicals. The DPPH radical reached a minimum of 16% (0.2 mg/mL) and in the maximum fraction (2 mg/mL) 27% of scavenging capacity, ABTS and superoxide presented a minimum of 56% and 42% and the maximum of 72% and 47%, respectively, however, the hydroxyl radical showed scavenging capacity only at the maximum concentration (2 mg/mL). Therefore, it is noticeable that the EPS 133v of Enterococcus sp. has high exploration potential for the development of functional food ingredients or additives with economic and health benefits.Item Produção, extração, purificação e caracterização de proteases fibrinolíticas produzidas por Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573(2021-11-29) Nascimento, Maria Clara do; Bezerra, Raquel Pedrosa; Batista, Juanize Matias da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6699725036732885; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1466206759539320; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5929405825655717Due to their fibrin degradation potential, fibrinolytic proteases are a promising alternative in the pharmaceutical industry for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, especially thrombosis. There are several sources of fibrinolytic proteases, however, the microbial sources are the ones that stand out in terms of low cost and high production rates. From their production to application, enzymes need to go through several processes, which sounds negative, making the steps more costly and late. A method capable of overcoming these problems is the aqueous two-phase system (SDFA), a process capable of reducing downstream steps. The objective of this work was to produce, purify and biochemically characterize the fibrinolytic protease produced by Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573. The protease was produced by submerged fermentation using agro-industrial waste or co-products. The crude extract that showed the highest enzymatic activity (passion fruit peel flour) was subjected to extraction by SDFA consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and phosphate salts (potassium and sodium), following a 24 plan. After extraction by SDFA, the protease was subjected to purification by gel filtration chromatography, and already purified had its biochemical characterization performed. The protease produced by S. parvulus DPUA 1573 showed fibrinolytic activity of 15.46 U/mL and was able to form a halo of 317.31 mm2 acting on fibrin degradation. In SDFA, the fibrinolytic protease partitioned preferentially to the PEG-rich phase. The best assay selected according to the combination of the highest specific activity index, purification factor and activity yield was 16, composed of PEG 8,000 gmol-1, 17.5 v/v PEG, pH 8.0 and 15 v/v of phosphate salts. The protease activity of the enzyme was highly stimulated in the presence of iron, reaching a 55% increase in activity, and drastically decreased in the presence of the protease inhibitor 2-mercaptoethanol (91%). The optimum temperature and pH for the enzymatic activity were 40ºC and pH 7.0, respectively, keeping the enzyme activity stable between 30ºC and 60ºC and in the pH range from 7.0 to 8.5. Based on the analyzed results, it was seen that S. parvulus DPUA 1573 proved to be a good producer of fibrinolytic proteases, and the PEG/Phosphate aqueous two-phase system proved to be a great alternative for the extraction and pre-purification of fibrinolytic proteases.Item Avaliação da cafeína no controle da infecção experimental de macrófago por Salmonella typhimurium(2019) Almeida, Ingrydt de Alcântara; Lima Filho, José Vitor Moreira; Tavares, Lethicia Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4128808335995892; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9476972124107533; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015462685217823Salmonellosis is an infectious disease transmitted mainly by foods contaminated with bacteria of the genus Salmonella, among them Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, which can cause gastroenteritis until sepsis and septic shock in groups at risk. Organic compounds for pharmacological purposes are being increasingly tested. Among these compounds, caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), one of the most used pharmacological and psychostimulant substances in the world. Severalstudies have demonstrated its role as a therapeutic adjunct, immunomodulator and adenosine receptor antagonist (ARs). In view of this, the objective was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of caffeine in peritoneal macrophages infected with Salmonella enterica Sor. Typhimurium. For this, in vitro tests were performed with cultures of macrophages exposed to caffeine concentrations to determine the degree of cytotoxicity of the compound; curative and preventive tests of cell viability, in order to evaluate cellular survival and quantification of intracellular bacteria, aiming to analyze the clearance of the pathogen from the intracellular medium. A direct antibacterial activity test was also carried out to evaluate the efficacy of caffeine in preventing the development of S. typhimurium. The results demonstrated that caffeine did not produce a toxic effect on the uninfected macrophages at the concentrations used, promoted a greater viability of the infected macrophages, but was not able to act as a direct bactericide. Caffeine contributed to the survival of macrophages infected with S. Typhimurium, having potential for the control of bacterial infections.