TCC - Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (UAST)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/2932
Navegar
2 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Propriedades filmogênicas da mucilagem de Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck obtida com a reutilização de solvente orgânico(2022-05-27) Andrada, Lucas Vinícius Pierre de; Simões, Adriano do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1895049701533568; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5312196285971764The mucilage of pricky pear cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) is composed of polysaccharides used in the preparation of polymers, which are interesting alternatives to petrochemical plastics, due to characteristics such as elasticity and the ability to form molecular networks. However, the extraction of mucilage, commonly performed with ethanol, as well as its disposal, intensifies the impacts due to its relative toxicity to the environment, in addition to the high cost. Thus, the objective was to implement methodologies that result in the reuse of alcohol for the process of mucilage extraction and elaboration of the biopolymer based on prickly pear cactus. N. cochenillifera cladodes were harvested and processed to obtain mucilage. The cladodes were cut, the aquifer parenchyma was removed and taken to a processor using ethanol. At the end of the processing, a whitish powder was obtained, which was hydrated both to perform the physicochemical analyzes on the mucilage and to formulate the biopolymers, which were characterized via thermal, optical, physicochemical and structural analyses. The residual ethanol from the extraction was distilled in a rotary evaporator to remove pigments and restore its alcohol content. After all the analyses, a new mucilage extraction was carried out, reusing the ethanol, and again, physical-chemical evaluations were carried out in the mucilage and in the solvent, in addition to, in the biopolymers obtained, thermal, optical, physical-chemical analysis and structural. It was observed in mucilage that pH, vitamin C content, total acidity, electrical conductivity and soluble solids did not vary significantly, regardless of the extractor used. The sodium and potassium contents, on the other hand, decreased when the mucilage was extracted with reused ethanol, indicating that it was efficient in removing these ions. In the ethanol from the first extraction, a high value of phenolic compounds and total soluble carbohydrates was quantified, while in the reused ethanol such values were considerably reduced, indicating that even it removed less mucilage components than the clean one, which enables the elaboration of more compact biopolymers as such components improve structural properties, such as moisture content and permeability to water vapor. The films from the second extraction were less soluble in water, thicker and more transparent, in addition to showing greater thermal stability than those from the first extraction. It is concluded that the reused ethanol improved the filmogenic properties of the mucilage, such as carbohydrates and phenolic compounds, in addition to not having removed nutritional components such as proteins, citric acid and ascorbic acid. The biopolymers from the extraction with reused alcohol, in addition to presenting better morphological aspects through their microstructure, also showed promising structural aspects, such as low water solubility and moisture content, indicating the reuse of the solvent as a good alternative to the use of pure ethanol, which makes the biopolymer manufacturing process more expensive, as well as promoting a greater amount of waste in the environment. However, studies are needed regarding the methodology of solvent reuse regarding the limit of its reuse potential, in order to make this procedure viable on industrial scalesItem Caracterização e estabilidade físico-química e bioquímica da mucilagem de Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck obtida com diferentes extratores(2020-10-22) Souza, Jheizon Feitoza do Nascimento; Simões, Adriano do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1895049701533568; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5282052637705053The use of chemical solvents for bioprospecting cacti such as forage palm Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck has been common in academic studies for its applications in the industry. However, the usage of these solvents in large quantities, amplifies their polluting potential and makes their long-term usability impracticable by industries. Therefore, it was aimed to evaluate different extractors and the physicochemical and biochemical stability of the mucilage of forage palm, hydrated, and refrigerated. Cladodes of forage Palm were washed, weighed, cut into cubes, homogenized with organic solvents to (extractor 1 and extractor 2, which cannot be disclosed for patent reasons) obtain mucilage. The precipitate was kept in an oven for drying and it was pulverized with the aid of a mill, thus obtaining a dry powder. After this, the mucilage was hydrated and maintained at 5 ºC for 12 days. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, in a 2x2 factorial scheme with four replications, as in two organic extractors and two evaluation days (0 and 12 days after storage at 5 ºC). The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA, and when significant they were subjected to the Tukey test at 5% probability. It was found that the mucilage yield did not differ between the tested extractors, although with extractor 2 the mucilage became slightly pigmented. Also, extractor 2 resulted in mucilage with higher mean values of citric acid and vitamin C, pH within the ideal range, lower mean values of electrical conductivity, and K+ content. The refrigerated storage time maintained the pH stability, total soluble proteins, Na+ content; total soluble carbohydrates, total phenolic compounds, citric acid, and soluble solids obtained using extractor 2. Thus, extraction with alternative solvent, extractor 2, has shown potential to be used to obtain mucilage for industrial purposes. However, further studies are needed, including the future production of mucilage films, for possible recommendations and agro-industrial applications.