TCC - Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (UAST)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/2932
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Item Dilatação traqueal em três espécies de abelhas: Trigona spinipes, Scaptotrigona sp. e Apis mellifera(2018) Santos, Érika Millena da Silva; Melo, Hélio Fernandes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6890648212766368; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3090807086261837During Earth's history, the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere oscillated to such an extent that the insect group began to morphologically adapt to the new oxygen concentrations over time. Thus, the most adequate mechanism for the breathing process by this group is the tracheal system, which is composed of a network of internal tubes connected to orifices that connect with the external environment, in order to capture the oxygen present in the atmosphere. Oxygen will be consumed to a greater or lesser amount bythe insects, depending on the intensity of their metabolicactivities. Among the most active insects are bees that constantly need a large intake of oxygen in order to meet their biological needs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the species of bees (Trigona spinipes, Scaptotrigona sp.and Apis mellifera) regarding their tracheal dilatation, comparing them to each other. The bees were captured through active collection, with a total of 150 individuals, 50 individuals of each species. The area of the collection was the surroundings of the Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus Serra Talhada. Subsequently, the individuals were weighed on an analytical scale to obtain the initial mass value of each one. They were then placed in a 60-ml syringe with a valve attached and submerged in a solution containing 1% Triton X-100, in which movements of back and forth was performed in the syringe plunger, so that the liquid could enter in the animal's body and fill its entire tracheal system. The insects were weighed again to obtain the final mass. By weighing the individuals before and after being emerged in the solution, the tracheal dilatation (%) was obtained. Finally, it was observed that the native bees had a greater tracheal dilation compared to ape mellifera, and that this result could be related to a lower respiratory rate in the Meliponini species.Item Inferência filogenética de Apoidea (Hymenoptera) a partir da análise do grau de homologia do citocromo c por ferramentas de bioinformática(2022-06-01) Melo, Ericles Charles Da Silva; Buarque, Diego de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7609652740088882; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4571885030401284The Apoidea superfamily (Hymenoptera) is home to about 30,000 recorded species and consists of several subgroups of apoid bees and wasps, with different types of habits from kleptoparist to eusociality. The species of this subfamily can be identified by body division (head, mesosoma and metasoma) and by the presence or absence of hair on the body. Due to the great difficulty in establishing molecular markers that can infer the phylogeny of this group, we aimed in this work to verify if cytochrome c, a protein essential to oxidative metabolism and energy production, highly conserved in species, can satisfactorily fulfill this role. The work consisted of two approaches: 1) the search for the primary sequences of cytochrome c of organisms of the Apoidea superfamily available in biological databases (NCBI Protein), for subsequent multiple alignment and obtaining a phylogenetic tree through the MAFFT program; 2) comparison with the phylogenies present in the literature. FASTA sequences were obtained from 15 species, all containing 108 amino acid residues. The cladogram obtained from the proposed alignment shows that the Bombini and Apini tribes seem to form a sister group. The study also showed that the common ancestor that gives rise to the Euglossini tribe also gives rise to the Bombini, Apini and Meliponini tribes, thus demonstrating that Apini and Euglossini can be paraphyletic groups. Despite the few Apoidea cytochrome c sequences available in the NCBI Protein, it was possible to observe that the cladogram seems to go against some proposals in the literature, suggesting that cytochrome c seems to be promising for this purpose. However, this study does not immediately propose a new classification, as it would be necessary to analyze a greater number of primary sequences from different Apoidea species. Therefore, more studies are needed in different groups among the Hymenoptera so that it is possible to use cytochrome c as a possible marker.Item Ocupação de ninhos-armadilha por abelhas e vespas solitárias (Hymenoptera, Aculeata)(2023-09-22) Silva, Mirella Cruz de Sa e; Oliveira, Mikail Olinda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4962593504082966; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9886581010910725The present study aimed to analyze the occupation and acceptance of trap nests by solitary bees and wasps (Hymenoptera, Aculeata), as well as identify possible nesting preferences. The Experiment was carried out on the campus of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, during the months of November 2022 to July 2023. Observations were carried out weekly, during eight months of sampling. To carry out the sampling, four cylindrical wooden blocks (CB) (n=100) were used, with cavities with diameters of 6 and 8mm. The CBs were made with high-density native wood (Astronium urundeuva (M.Allemão) Engl.), untreated. The results showed that 58 nests were founded during the study period. The nesting activity of solitary bees was higher than that of solitary wasps throughout the study period. There was a preference for occupying cavities with 6mm in diameter, ensured by a significant statistical difference (p<0.0001), when compared to occupying cavities with 8mm in diameter. Three types of materials used to close the end of the nests were identified, with clay being the least frequent material with 13.79% of the total nests, while resin was the second most used with 39.66%, followed by the aggregate of mixtures with resin, with the highest proportion 46.55%. The results indicated that the species that nested in the study area prefer narrower cavities. Furthermore, the present study highlights the uncertainty of the influence of the environment on the nesting activity of solitary species, and it is ideal to adopt caution when choosing the location for installing trap nests.