TCC - Engenharia Eletrônica (UACSA)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/2917
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11 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Desenvolvimento e Avaliação de Desempenho de um Sistema de Posicionamento automático de Placas Fotovoltaicas(2024-03-05) Santos, Marcos Paulo Jerônimo dos; Aguedo, Reinel Beltrán; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2770313428458626; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7884920585085694The growing demand for renewable energy has driven the development of more efficient and accessible technologies, highlighting photovoltaic energy as one of the main sources of clean energy. However, the efficiency of current solar panels is still insufficient to meet the high energy demand, as it directly depends on the alignment of the solar panels relative to the sun. This research aims to develop a solar tracker prototype and evaluate solar tracking methods as strategies to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic panels. Through a comparative analysis, different approaches to automate the positioning of solar panels were explored, including single-axis and dual-axis tracking systems, with and without the use of PID controllers. For this purpose, atesting platform was developed to simulate the sun’s position throughout the day, allowing the prototype to accurately follow the path of the sunlight. Data were collected using a SCADA supervisory system, enabling a detailed and controlled analysis of the efficiency of the different tracking methods, highlighting the superiority of the dual-axis tracker. The results confirm that the use of PID controllers can provide significant gains in energy efficiency.Item Design e simulação de um acoplador planar reconfigurável para aplicação em sistemas de telecomunicações em micro-ondas(2024-10-10) Santos, Cleberson Andrade da Silva; Oliveira, Elias Marques Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2576044894885888; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2197671175992514The growing demand for advanced electronic devices for communication has driven the development of microwave technologies capable of operating in multiple frequency bands. Initially, wireless communication was limited by fixed transmissions and low-frequency bands, but technological innovation has enabled expansion to microwave frequencies, ranging from 3 GHz to 300 GHz. Among the critical components in this range, filters, duplexers, and hybrid couplers stand out, being essential for the management and distribution of electromagnetic power in communication systems. However, as technological demands have evolved, the need for multifunctional devices capable of operating in more than one frequency band has become crucial. Directional couplers, which traditionally have four ports and are used to couple a specific amount of electromagnetic power, are classic examples of couplers designed to divide power equitably among the ports and are known as hybrid couplers. A specific type of known coupler is the branch-line, widely applied in circuits such as amplifiers and balanced mixers. Innovation in this type of device has focused on the integration of artificial transmission lines (ATLs) to enable multiband operation of these couplers. ATLs are designed to simulate the behavior of conventional transmission lines in various frequency bands and are crucial for the development of devices with multiband operating capabilities. This work proposes the investigation and development of new techniques for the design of branch-line hybrid couplers, focusing on creating reconfigurable versions, as well as improving the relationship between operating frequencies and reducing the size of the devices. The approach aims to optimize the performance of couplers, meeting the growing demands of modern communication systems, providing more versatile and efficient solutions for microwave applications. The project will be carried out with the aid of electromagnetic simulation software, and the behavior of the switching elements will be modeled through equivalent circuits, allowing a detailed and accurate analysis of the device characteristics.Item Implementação de um sistema de projeção a laser para a melhoria da segurança, qualidade, produtividade e custos em uma indústria de pás eólicas(2022-12-06) Silva, Natasha Milena dos Santos da; Farias Filho, João Gutemberg; Gonçalves, Israel Lira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0718103459959119; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3970580572877916The wind energy industry is getting more and more space in the Brazilian energy matrix. The wind turbine is the system used to generate electricity and it is composed of several components, among them, the wind blades, which are becoming increasingly larger to enable greater energy generation. The manufacturing processes of wind turbines are typically labor intensive and require the use of measuring tapes and templates to perform the marking required in the work procedure and assist the positioning of materials during the production process. However, the measuring tapes are susceptible to operational errors and a constant calibration routine is necessary; the templates, as they are normally a metallic structure, have the risk of accidents and all the positioning and removal of the template during the process requires a time of the process. Therefore, the work presents the step by step used for the implementation of a laser projection system in a wind blade industry aiming at improving efficiency and safety during the processes involving markings and material positioning, aiming the company have a competitive advantage in the market and improve the business key performance indicators. The methodology used to implement the system is detailed in this document and a comparison between the before and after processes are presented, in order to measure the gains obtained related to the number of steps involved in the process, number of people and time necessary to perfom the activity. As a result of this work, it was observed that the laser projection system appears as a good alternative to replace the use of measuring tapes and templates during the production process of wind blades, as they can reduce the number of steps during the process by up to 43%, which has direct impact in the cycle time reduction of approximately 30 % of the three main production processes of wind blades.Item Implementação em VHDL e análise comparativa da Transformada Discreta do Cosseno e a aproximação de Lengwehasatit-Ortega(2024-08-27) Silva, Leonardo Nogueira Lindolfo da; Ferreira, Felipe Alberto Barbosa Simão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9939255113143786; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3309281833356970The high volume of images transmitted daily over the internet consumes a significant portion of bandwidth and processing capacity. To optimize compression and maintain quality, digital signal processing tools like the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) are utilized. The DCT is a mathematical operation that concentrates most of the signal's energy in low frequencies, making it highly useful in image compression algorithms. The calculation of the Discrete Cosine Transform is performed using matrix multiplication, where the elements of the transformation matrix are floating-point numbers. To simplify these calculations, various approximations for the Discrete Cosine Transform that use as many integers as possible in their transformation matrices can be found in the literature. Due to the recurrent matrix calculations in modern computational systems, especially for image processing and artificial intelligence, many systems feature ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) or parts of SoCs (System on Chip) dedicated to this task. In this work, several DCT approximations were evaluated in the context of image compression. The Lengwehasatit-Ortega approximation, which showed the best performance, along with the exact DCT, were implemented in VHDL and synthesized in FPGA. It was observed that, following the same design philosophy, the approximation consumed significantly fewer hardware resources, as expected.Item Filtragem de sinais sobre grafos aplicada à classificação de dados ruidosos definidos em estruturas irregulares(2023-10-03) Medeiros, Jorge Barros; Ferreira, Felipe Alberto Barbosa Simão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9939255113143786; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9517722947492097Graph convolutional networks (GCN) allow deep neural networks to learn from data defined in irregular structures represented by a graph. This approach has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Such algorithms generally learn based on the information associated with the vertices and edges present in the graph, being possible to use them to improve the performance of several tasks such as classification of vertices, a signal defined on the graph or the graph itself. The objective of this work is to evaluate the classification of noisy data arranged in an irregular structure from the training of low-pass filters performed by the convolutional layers of a GNN. Filters are designed and applied based on signal processing tools on graphs such as the graph Fourier transform. The graph-based convolutional neural network will perform the learning of parameters for different noise scales in the graph Fourier transform domain that are able to extract relevant information for classification of the noisy dataset.Item Um estudo sobre ocultação de dados para imagens digitais(2023-04-26) Mendonça, Thatyta de Sousa Silva; Ferreira, Felipe Alberto Barbosa Simão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9939255113143786; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2783767585088280Digital security is a growing field of study in various areas of science, which includes stega- nography - the art of writing in a hidden manner - as one of the new research areas. This undergraduate thesis presents the implementation of a Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganographic technique to embed text messages in image files. The study is based on literature research on data hiding techniques in digital images and the importance of using watermarking as a measure of protection against piracy and image forgery. The paper presents the theoretical concepts involved in the LSB technique, as well as the methods and tools used for the insertion of the digital watermark. The results obtained from tests conducted prove the effectiveness of the LSB technique in securely and efficiently embedding digital watermarks in digital images.Item Projeto de marca d’água digital do tipo frágil para nuvens de pontos 3D baseado em processamento de sinais sobre grafos(2023-09-20) Silva, João Victor da; Ferreira, Felipe Alberto Barbosa Simão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9939255113143786; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1535688689643312Applications based on 3D models have been constantly gaining prominence due to their higher fidelity and real-world applicability. To achieve this, it is necessary to seek more suitable alternatives for data acquisition, encoding, representation, visualization, and protection. Given the importance of signal processing in preserving the integrity and authenticity of point clouds, there arises a need for advanced approaches that ensure the security and protection of this data. In this context, research and development of a digital watermarking project based on graph signal processing have emerged. This approach aims not only to enhance the protection of this data but also to identify any unwanted and malicious modifications that may occur. To this end, this work presents the creation of a fragile watermarking method for 3D point clouds with the intention of evaluating both its robustness against attacks and its effectiveness. Furthermore, we seek to implement a practical solution that allows the application of this digital watermark directly to 3D point clouds, with the purpose of preserving their integrity and authenticity, protecting them against possible unwanted or malicious modifications. In this way, a literature review is conducted, followed by simulations using databases of real models, using graph signal processing tools (GSP), applying the graph Fourier transform (GFT) technique. The databases used for the simulations were extracted from various research sources, including Oxford RobotCar, KITTI, NuScenes, among others. The metrics responsible for evaluating the performance of the proposed technique are Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Bit Error Ratio (BER). As a result, it is observed that the proposed digital watermarking method shows satisfactory results in terms of robustness against attacks and preservation of the quality of 3D data. The experiments have demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of implementing the digital watermark in 3D point clouds. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of a digital watermark based on graph signal processing is a promising solution to ensure the security and authenticity of 3D data in various applications.Item Desenvolvimento de uma memória atômica eficiente baseada no fenômeno da absorção eletromagneticamente induzida(2023-08-04) Santos, Victor Ádony Alves; Oliveira, Rafael Alves de; Degiorgi, Sérgio Vladimir Barreiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7323495611053601; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8436849042308265; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7229155753540906Information storage using atomic memories can be done through some coherent light phenomena, two of which are electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), one of the most explored conditions, and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA), which has a vast number of gaps about its applications. Therefore, a theoretical analytical model of an atomic memory was developed, going through the stage of writing, sto- rage and reading, using the EIT and EIA configurations so that comparisons of the energy of the extracted pulse, the temporal shape of the pulse, the memory storage time and the energy efficiency in pulse extraction could be made. It has been shown that, in the EIA condition, the energy and maximum intensity of the extracted pulse are much higher than in the EIT condition. Furthermore, it was observed that the energy and maximum intensity of the generated optical pulse have the same decay time, re- gardless of whether the condition used is EIT or EIA. The work proves that a greater efficiency is achieved in the extraction of energy in the saturated regime of an atomic memory based on the EIA than in one in the EIT condition.Item Protótipo do sistema de telemetria para aplicação no projeto do fórmula SAE elétrico(2022-10-13) Galindo, Erick Flávio de Arruda; Hiramatsu, Roberto Kenji; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3420705447094049; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3088233771948458SAE elétrico is a formula with the aim of providing engineering students with the opportunity to develop in practice a complete design of a formula car. One of the important pillars of the competition is related to the car's performance in dynamic tests where aspects related to the total functioning of the systems are observed, such as acceleration, braking, aerodynamics, safety and vehicle departure. With an important role, there is the need for telemetry applied to the electric car in order to extract and monitor data in real time, allowing the team ways to study and improve aspects related to the operation of the subsystems. In this context, the present work develops a prototype of a telemetry system focused on the transmission, storage and presentation of data in real time using the resources available through the internet of things (IOT). As a result, communication was obtained between two devices built with the Lora communication interface and the ESP 32 microcontroller, being, respectively, the transmitter that will be installed in the car and the receiver that will be in the competition box. The data collected and transmitted by the telemetry system is stored in a MongoDB database and presented in real time on a dashboard built in Node-Red. The results obtained meet the minimum requirements of the telemetry system, which is summarized in the transmission of information between the car and a local data server, opening a range of possibilities for new studies and improvements of the telemetry system.Item Automatização de uma máquina industrial para solda de baterias de chumbo-ácido(2022-10-04) Freire, Robson Luiz da Silva; Cervantes, Ania Lussón; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5793691069517813; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6593216871039422Nowadays several applications, as server's centrals for data analysis, requires an electrical power source capable of supplying large amounts of charge uninterruptedly. For these applications, lead acid batteries are the most viable option and, therefore, the most used in this kind of scenario. In order to fulfill this demand, the lead acid battery manufacture continues to be in increasing requisition, which in turns requires the construction and development of machines that allow the fabrication of this type of battery. This monograph addresses the automation and control project of a machine with the goal of assisting in one of the lead acid battery productive process phases. The machine in question is unique and was developed specifically for addressing the necessities of the client company which is a lead acid battery fabricant. Because of this, understanding the machine requires a presentation of all their constituents’ parts, the elements used in their electrical project and the tools used to structure the used control logic. In this way, this monograph presents the didactic way in which the project of a battery cell welding machine is developed, presenting its control logic and a humanmachine interface for its operation. In the end, it is concluded that the performance achieved by the designed machine was satisfactory for the requirements of the client company.