TCC - Bacharelado em Agronomia (UAST)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/2928
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Item Adubação nitrogenada como atenuador do estresse salino em algodão colorido: uma revisão de literatura.(2021-11-29) Souza, Jamiles Carvalho Gonçalves de; Oliveira, Alexandre Campelo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8164135937542569; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8445795289858316Cotton is a crop of great economic prominence on the world stage. The commercialization of its fiber in the textile industries, the use of its seeds as raw material in the production of animal feed and vegetable oil, highlights it as one of the most profitable annual crops in the agricultural environment. In Brazil, the Northeast region is one of the largest producers of this crop, with emphasis on the production of colored cotton, where its cultivation is of paramount importance mainly for family farming, and these are the main producers of this fiber. However, the semiarid region has high temperatures and low rainfall concentrated in three months of the year, as a result of which droughts end up occurring more frequently, thus limiting agricultural and livestock activities in the region. The use of irrigation systems helps to increase productivity, however, due to the low quality of water from a high content of salts present in it, there is a metabolic stress that ends up harming the growth and development of crops. In an attempt to alleviate the damage caused by saline water, producers and farmers opt for the use of crops that are more resistant to salinity and even for fertilization techniques, with nitrogen being one of the most used nutrients, as it is required by most agricultural crops. In this sense, the objective was to carry out a literature review to evaluate the effect of different doses of nitrogen and saline water irrigation during the production of colored cotton in the Brazilian semiarid region. Data collection took place on websites of journals and scientific communities, with articles published in Portuguese, English andSpanish, in the areas of plant production and plant nutrition. The deleterious effects caused by the salinity of the irrigation water in the culture of colored cotton for the semiarid region were analyzed, and which nitrogen doses provide a better cotton production under these conditions. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to propagate research information, in the form of articles,on this subject.Item Avaliação da aplicação de molibdênio e nitrogênio no crescimento do feijão-caupi irrigado com água salina em ambiente semiárido(2021-12-06) Maciel, Lucas Henrique; Oliveira, Alexandre Campelo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8164135937542569; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3063695672625738Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) has its center of origin located in the African continent, being introduced in Brazil around the 16th century and is still recognized today as one of the most consumed legumes in the North and Northeast regions. Its cultivation is expressive by irrigating farmers, however, the water used is of poor quality and extremely saline. This salinity can affect the absorption of nitrogen, an important macronutrient for the growth and development of the legume and associating with this condition the deficiency of molybdenum, an important micronutrient in nitrogen metabolism, which together can be an important nutritional management strategy to provide the expression of maximum productive potential of cowpea. The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of cowpea cv. IPA 207, when subjected to increasing doses of molybdenum associated with nitrogen doses, aiming to establish the treatment that would enable the best increment of the studied variables. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, generating a factorial scheme, 5x2x4, totaling 40 experimental units, with the following treatments: 5 doses of molybdenum (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 g/ha) and two doses of nitrogen ( 0, 80 kg/ha) and 4 repetitions. The molybdenum source used was sodium molybdate, and urea was nitrogen. Treatments were applied 23 days after seedling emergence. The variables studied were: plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of one hundred grains (g), fresh and dry mass of shoot (g), fresh and dry root mass (g) and the activity of the nitrate reductase enzyme. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and then to polynomial regression analysis. The increasing doses of molybdenum applied via the leaves in association with nitrogen fertilization positively influenced the activity of the nitrate reductase enzyme, as well as the accumulation of fresh and dry matter of cowpea, in addition to the significant increase in the variables number of grains per pod and number of pods per plant.Item Influência do porta-enxerto na eficiência da atividade fotoquímica em mudas enxertadas de videira submetidas ao estresse salino(2019-07-12) Nunes, Adriana da Silva; Silva Sérgio Luiz Ferreira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0173411400092352; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7066574850437767The accumulation of toxic saline ions (Na+ and Cl-) in plants exposed to salinity is associated with photosynthetic restraint due to the closure of stomata and structural and functional disturbances in the photosystems, affecting the photochemical activity. The analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence emission dynamics provides important information about disturbances that effectively limit photochemical efficiency. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of rootstocks on changes in photochemical activity in grafted seedlings of vines submitted to saline stress. The experiment was carried out at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco / Academic Unit of Serra Talhada. The grape seedlings, Italy variety grafted on Italy rootstocks (self-grafting) and IAC 572 rootstocks (graft / rootstock: Itália/Itália and Itália /IAC 572) were subjected to salinity by the addition of NaCl (0, 50 and 100 mM ) in the nutrient solution for 25 days in a artificial growth chamber (FITOTRON - Model SGC 120). At the end of the saline treatment, the water potential was measured and the photosynthesis study was performed through CO2 assimilation curves (A / CI) and photochemical activity in response to light. The plants were then collected and the dry mass of roots, stems and leaves measured. The design adopted was the DIC in factorial 2 x 3, two combinations of grafts/rootstocks (Itália/Itália e Itália/IAC 572) and three doses of NaCl (0, 50 and 100 mM) with three replicates. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Where the seedlings of the Itália/Itália combination showed lower intensity of foliar toxicity symptoms (chlorosis, dryness and necrosis), in relation to the grafts grafted on the rootstock IAC 572, when exposed to salinity. The two graft / rootstock combinations adapted the salinity conditions, in order to reduce the impacts caused. The seedlings of the Itália / Itália combination showed lower intensity of foliar toxicity symptoms than the Itália / IAC 572 combination when exposed to salinity. The two combinations of graft / rootstock adapted the conditions of salinity, in order to reduce the impacts caused, by saline treatment. The seedlings from the Itália autograft showed higher values of NPQ when submitted to the treatment of maximum salinity, representing a greater protection of the photosynthetic apparatus by means of the dissipation of excess energy, in relation to the seedlings of the combination Itália / IAC 572. By means of the qP, the PSII and the ETR, the highest integrity of the photochemical apparatus in Itália / Itália combination was demonstrated in conditions of maximum salinity, when compared to the combination Itália / IAC 572.The behavior of the photosynthesis curve (A) in relation to light, showed that changes of the Itália / IAC 572 combination show good results in the absence of salinity. However are relatively more sensitive to saline stress than the seedlings of the Italia/Italia combination. Thus, the study shows that the type of rootstock may be a determining factor for the production of grapevine grafts aiming at salinity resistance.Item Efeitos combinados da salinidade e do fungo (Trichoderma harzianum) no crescimento do pepino (Cucumis sativus L.)(2019-07-19) Silva Filho, Renato Veríssimo da; Almeida, Rosa Honorato de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4319299572657528; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8752721745418531In Brazil, cucumber is well accepted in all Brazilian regions, including the Northeast Region. In this region, due to the semi-arid condition, it is common for low rainfall to occur, which together with the nature of the source material, generate abundance of saline soils and, consequently, water containing high levels of salts. This salinity compromises the production of cucumbers due to osmotic and ionic effects, which result in changes in the processes of water absorption, transport, assimilation and distribution of nutrients in the plant. Faced with this problem, techniques capable of improving the tolerance of plants with greater sensitivity to salinity have been sought. Among these, biological techniques such as the use of biostimulants have been gaining importance, due to their ability to stimulate the root development of plants and to alter the pH of the rhizosphere, thus reducing the deleterious effect of salinity on this crop. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to analyze the combined effects of salinity and the fungus Trichorderma harzianum on the growth and development of cucumber. The experiment was conducted at UFRPE/UAST, in Serra Talhada/PE, in a randomized block design with five salinity levels (TESTEMUNHA/T0: 0.02; T1: 1.2; T2: 1.4; T3: 2.0; T4: 2.4 dS m-1) with application of a commercial product based on Trichorderma harzianum, at 15 and 30 days after the beginning of salt application. The following were evaluated: number of leaves, leaf area, length of the main stem, number of flowers, number, diameter and length of the fruit, as well as root characteristics such as volume, surface area, length, dry and wet mass of the roots. The data allow us to infer that there is an influence of salinity in the cucumber culture. The biometric variables were directly influenced by the interaction of salinity and fungus, so that the plants treated when associated with the fungus T. harzianum revealed positive responses to salinity.