Estudo do comportamento mecânico de argamassas de revestimento com substituição parcial do agregado miúdo por lodo têxtil gerado pela lavanderia industrial de jeans do arranjo produtivo local de confecções do Agreste pernambucano

Abstract

The local productive arrangement (APL), located in the Agreste region of Pernambuco, is the second largest textile hub in Brazil, producing, making and selling garments. The activities carried out in the region range from the manufacturing process to the processing of jeans, which is carried out in industrial laundries. As with any industrial procedure, laundries are major generators of waste, with textile sludge being one of the main ones, generated in large volumes. It is a potential pollutant capable of compromising soil, water and air quality, directly affecting the health and well-being of the population. On the other hand, the construction industry continues to be one of the biggest consumers of natural resources, mainly through the use of sand to make concrete and mortar. This research studied the incorporation of jeans laundry sludge, at levels of 10%, 20% and 25%, into mortar mixes for coatings, with the aim of providing a more sustainable destination for the sludge, as well as serving as an alternative raw material. The research aimed to study the mechanical behavior of modified mortars in order to evaluate their physical and mechanical properties after partially incorporating the waste in relation to the fine aggregate (sand). Tests were carried out on the particle size composition, unit mass and specific mass of the waste, as well as the characterization of the textile sludge. As the waste partially replaced the fine aggregate, the same tests were carried out on the sand. Although the sand and sludge had different particle size curves, both were within the usable zone for fine aggregate. Sludge had a unit mass 45% lower than that of sand. The specific mass of silt was also lower than that of sand, totaling 1.62 g/cm³ and 2.63 g/cm³, respectively. When evaluating the mechanical strength of the specimens, there was little variation between the different mixes, but the mortar with 10% sludge incorporation had the highest compressive strength and flexural tensile strength when compared to the others. In the water absorption and capillarity coefficient results, the residue was able to effectively fill the small pores in the mixture. Finally, it was possible to classify the mortars studied, which achieved minimum values for the characteristics of compressive strength, flexural tensile strength and capillarity coefficient, receiving the designation P3, R1, C1 in the four types.