03.1 - Graduação (UAST)
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Desempenho agronômico de clones de palma forrageira em função de cobertura do solo em ambiente semiárido(2021) Cruz Junior, Cláudio Balbino da; Leite, Maurício Luiz de Mello Vieira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4204641633941814; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7498202191042887The palm is used in the feeding of ruminants, given the high yield of phytomass, high energy value and full adaptation to semi-arid environments. Mulching is a technique widely used in agriculture, recommended mainly for semi-arid regions, as it increases soil water retention, increases fertility through the supply of organic matter, improves its physical properties and mitigates the effects of erosion, covering the surface of the soil, totally or partially. In this way, the effects of mulch on the growth and productivity characteristics of forage palm clones (Opuntia stricta and Nopalea cochenilifera (L.) Salm-Dyck) and on the physical-hydric properties of the soil were evaluated. The experiment is being carried out under field conditions (rainfed) in the experimental area of the Forage Studies and Research Group (GEFOR), located at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada Academic Unit (UFRPE – UAST), Serra Talhada, PE (7º58'20 ”South; 38º17'32” West and Altitude 499 m). The average annual rainfall is around 632 mm and the average monthly air temperature ranges between 23.6 and 27.7 ° C. According to Köppen, the local climate is BSwh ’. A randomized block design (DBC) in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme was used, with three forage palm clones resistant to carmine cochineal [Mexican Elephant Ear (Opuntia stricta), Sweet Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck) and Doce Gigante (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck)] and three cultivation systems [conventional system with bare soil (without mulch), partial mulch (0.30 m on each side of the row) and total soil mulch], with six replications. Structural parameters are being evaluated monthly in the cladode and in the plant of forage palm clones. To assess the soil's physical-hydric properties, soil density, sorbity, porosity and soil resistance to penetration were measured. The data were submitted to the normality test (Shapirowilk), homoscedasticity (Cochran), analysis of variance (5% F test), Tukey test (5%) for comparison of means and regression analysis. Analyzing the number of total forage palm cladodes (N. Cochenillifera and Opuntia stricta), there is superiority (P <0.05) of the clone Doce Miúda in relation to the clones Doce Gigante and Mexican Elephant Ear, regardless of the mulch in the soil . Therefore, it was possible to verify that the clones Orelha de Elfante Mexicana and Doce Gigante have an average primary cladode length and width greater than that of the clone Doce Miúda, which in turn demonstrates greater plant width and a greater total number of cladodes.Item Caracterização e estabilidade da mucilagem de Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck: um estudo comparativo sob diferentes aspectos agronômicos(2020-10-23) Sousa, Lady Daiane Costa de; Simões, Adriano do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1895049701533568; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0248842512558444The mucilage of forange Palm has great applicability in several areas, especially in the food area, and it has shown to be promising for being a natural source of polysaccharides. Recent studies have demonstrated that the environmental conditions of the Nopalea and Opuntia clones changed the physicochemical composition of the mucilage. In this sense, it was aimed to conduct a physicochemical characterization of the Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck mucilage, hydrated and conserved under refrigeration, extracted from cladodes harvested with different sizes and different times. Two studies were performed, in the first one the cladodes were collected at 6 am in two sizes (100 to 230 mm) and (240 to 300 mm), and the size between 100 and 230 mm was defined as the most adequate, with it was carried the second study out in which cladodes were collected at two specific times (6 am and 8 pm). The cladodes were collected in the experimental area of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco / Academic Unit of Serra Talhada (UFRPE / UAST) and transported to the laboratory of the Graduate and Post-graduating Program in Plant Production at UFRPE / UAST to obtain mucilage. Succeeding obtaining the mucilage, it was hydrated and stored at 5° C for 12 days. The yield of mucilage powder was quantified after processing and the following analyzes were performed at the beginning of the experiment and after 12 days: total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, electrical conductivity, and sodium and potassium content, vitamin C, carbohydrates, and total proteins and infrared spectroscopy. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design, each of which was carried out in a 2x2 factorial scheme, with four replications. In which in the first study there were two sizes of cladodes (100 to 230 mm) and (240 to 300 mm) and two evaluation days (0 and 12). In the second study, there were two different times (6 am and 8 pm) and two evaluation days (0 and 12). The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA and when significant, they were subjected to the Tukey test at 5% probability. It was verified that mucilage yield was higher 14 for cladodes harvested at 6 am compared to those harvested at 8 pm. Furthermore, the mucilage obtained from cladodes of sizes between 100 and 230 mm showed lower acidity, electrical conductivity, and a decreased degree of esterification. In addition to having a higher content of soluble solids and proteins. The harvest at 6 am has resulted in a mucilage with a lower content of soluble solids, citric acid, electrical conductivity, sodium, and potassium content. In conservation, mucilage from cladodes with sizes between 100 and 230 mm showed greater stability, as for the time of harvest, there was no difference in stability for the analyzed parameters. Therefore, the different conditions for obtaining the cladodes result in differences in the physical-chemical composition of the mucilage, which can make it flexible or enhance its uses in the most diverse areas.Item Estudo da biologia floral e reprodutiva dos gêneros opuntia e nopalea: suporte ao programa de melhoramento genético(2022-10-13) Duarte, Marynara Efigênia Marinho; França, José Geraldo Eugênio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6505115075494639; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0693013302865646The cactus pear forage (Cactaceae) has physiological adaptations that make it tolerant to high temperature and low water availability, representing an important source of food and water in dry regions, such as the semi-arid region. Given its relevance, gaining knowledge about its floral biology is fundamental to understand the functioning of your reproductive system and to know the processes involved in the development of its cycle. This information is essential, especially for areas such as genetic improvement that use techniques such as hybridization, performed through interspecific crossing aiming at the selection of genotypes potentially useful for the selection of characteristics of agronomic interest. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the development of the floral structure of forage palm species of the genera Opuntia and Nopalea and its relationship with the fertilization of the ovaries. Three palm accesses were analyzed under conditions without irrigation, which were: Miúda (IPA 100004) and F21 melhorada (IPA 200021) (Nopalea cochenillifera) and F8 (IPA-200008) (Opuntia atropes, Rose), aiming to expand the knowledge about its floral reproduction, in order to support breeding programs of this cacti. For this, fruit abortion rates, stigma receptivity experiments and pollen grain viability analysis were evaluated by means of staining and in vitro germination tests. The result obtained in the abortion rate of floral buds revealed an index of 84.4% in the cultivar IPA - Miuda, 98% in improved IPA - F21 melhorada and 100% in IPA - F8. The receptivity of the stigma was 100% in the 3 accesses evaluated. In the verification of pollen viability, the staining test expressed an average of 64.4% of viable grains in Miúda, 84.6% in IPA - F21 melhorada and 97% in IPA - F8. In vitro germination, an average of 5% was observed in IPA - F21 melhorada, 21% in Miúda and 36% in IPA - F8, demonstrating a significantly low germination power. These results indicate that, in the case of fruit abortion, the failure of fertilization may be related to low ability to develop the polynic tube. However, due to the early trim of floral buds, further studies and research are necessary to identify other possible adverse factors.Item Propriedades filmogênicas da mucilagem de Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck obtida com a reutilização de solvente orgânico(2022-05-27) Andrada, Lucas Vinícius Pierre de; Simões, Adriano do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1895049701533568; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5312196285971764The mucilage of pricky pear cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) is composed of polysaccharides used in the preparation of polymers, which are interesting alternatives to petrochemical plastics, due to characteristics such as elasticity and the ability to form molecular networks. However, the extraction of mucilage, commonly performed with ethanol, as well as its disposal, intensifies the impacts due to its relative toxicity to the environment, in addition to the high cost. Thus, the objective was to implement methodologies that result in the reuse of alcohol for the process of mucilage extraction and elaboration of the biopolymer based on prickly pear cactus. N. cochenillifera cladodes were harvested and processed to obtain mucilage. The cladodes were cut, the aquifer parenchyma was removed and taken to a processor using ethanol. At the end of the processing, a whitish powder was obtained, which was hydrated both to perform the physicochemical analyzes on the mucilage and to formulate the biopolymers, which were characterized via thermal, optical, physicochemical and structural analyses. The residual ethanol from the extraction was distilled in a rotary evaporator to remove pigments and restore its alcohol content. After all the analyses, a new mucilage extraction was carried out, reusing the ethanol, and again, physical-chemical evaluations were carried out in the mucilage and in the solvent, in addition to, in the biopolymers obtained, thermal, optical, physical-chemical analysis and structural. It was observed in mucilage that pH, vitamin C content, total acidity, electrical conductivity and soluble solids did not vary significantly, regardless of the extractor used. The sodium and potassium contents, on the other hand, decreased when the mucilage was extracted with reused ethanol, indicating that it was efficient in removing these ions. In the ethanol from the first extraction, a high value of phenolic compounds and total soluble carbohydrates was quantified, while in the reused ethanol such values were considerably reduced, indicating that even it removed less mucilage components than the clean one, which enables the elaboration of more compact biopolymers as such components improve structural properties, such as moisture content and permeability to water vapor. The films from the second extraction were less soluble in water, thicker and more transparent, in addition to showing greater thermal stability than those from the first extraction. It is concluded that the reused ethanol improved the filmogenic properties of the mucilage, such as carbohydrates and phenolic compounds, in addition to not having removed nutritional components such as proteins, citric acid and ascorbic acid. The biopolymers from the extraction with reused alcohol, in addition to presenting better morphological aspects through their microstructure, also showed promising structural aspects, such as low water solubility and moisture content, indicating the reuse of the solvent as a good alternative to the use of pure ethanol, which makes the biopolymer manufacturing process more expensive, as well as promoting a greater amount of waste in the environment. However, studies are needed regarding the methodology of solvent reuse regarding the limit of its reuse potential, in order to make this procedure viable on industrial scalesItem Fenologia e desempenho agronômico de clones de palma forrageira durante o 2º ciclo produtivo(2021-02-23) Silva, José Orlando Nunes da; Silva, Thieres George Freire da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0213450385240546; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1780809142332408The selection of species of forage plants adapted to the Semi-arid climate reduces the impacts promoted by climatic adversities on livestock. This study investigated the performance of six forage cactus clones irrigated in a semi-arid environment. The experiment was conducted at the Center for International Reference for Agrometeorological Studies of Palma and other Forage Plants - Centro REF, Serra Talhada - PE, Brazil. The clones evaluated were: Mexican Elephant Ear (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.), African Elephant Ear (Opuntia undulata Griffiths), V19 (Opuntia larreri), Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck), IPA Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck) and F8 (Opuntia atropes), arranged in a randomized block design, with three replications, and the evaluations were performed at the clone level. Irrigation was based on 120% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), adopting the crop coefficient (Kc) of the forage cactus of 0.52. The irrigation system adopted was by drip, with water from artesian well, presenting average electrical conductivity of 1.6 dS m-1. During the experimental period, accumulated precipitation was 1214.5 mm and the total applied irrigation depth was equal to 532.76 mm, totaling 1747.22 mm. For performance analysis, we analyzed: phenology, clade area index, plant stand mortality and green matter and dry matter yield. The data were submitted to variance analysis and Scott-Knott test at the level of 5% probability. The clones OEM and OEA presented fresh matter yield (Y. MF) 3.22 times higher than the average of the other clones (V19, MIU, IPA and F8), for dry matter yield (Y. MS) the averages were 3.39 times higher. Clone F8 showed the highest percentage of plant stand mortality (96.30%). For IAC, there was no significant difference between clones. The number and duration of phenophases varied according to the morphological growth characteristics of each clone. The clones Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta) and Orelha de Elefante Africana (Opuntia undulata) presented the highest productive potential compared to the other clones, being the clones most recommended for cultivation in a semi-arid environment.Item Manejo de corte da palma forrageira: entendendo a dinâmica de crescimento e o efeito na eficiência de produção(2021-02-23) Santos, João Pedro Alves de Souza; Silva, Thieres George Freire da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0213450385240546; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5426749144869447Cultural practices such as cutting management can assist in the growth dynamics of forage species. The understanding of these techniques helps in the production of food in order to reduce the impacts resulting from climate changes. This study investigated the effect of palm management to understand the source-drain relationship and its influence on the growth dynamics and accumulation of biomass by the crop. The experiment was conducted at the “International Reference Center for Agrometeorological Studies of Palma and other Forage Plants”, located at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada Academic Unit, municipality of Serra Talhada. The Mexican Elephant Ear (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.) And the Girl (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck) clones were used. Planting was carried out in October 2018 with 1.25 x 0.2 m spacing, irrigation was carried out through the drip system with emitters spaced 0.20 m apart, flow of 1.51 L h-1 at a pressure of 1 atm. the water used had an electrical conductivity of 1.51 dS m-1. The irrigation depth was based on the percentage (120%) of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc), with ETc being the relationship between the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and the crop coefficient (Kc). The design used was randomized blocks, in a 2x2 factorial scheme: Mexican Elephant Ear and Baby, with and without the adoption of cut management (FONDREN), totaling four treatments, with four repetitions. After six months, the arrangement changed to 2x2x2, including the cutting intensities, applied to the two right rows of each plot. The cutting management was renewed in the plots with FONDREN, in the plots without the FONDREN management, a thinning was used, maintaining 1st order cladodes. Initially, management was applied based on the number of 2nd order cladodes (Plants with up to 3 2nd order cladodes, 1 cladode was removed; plants with 4 and 5 2nd order cladodes, 2 cladodes were removed). In the second phase, the cut was based on the number of branches (Plants with up to 3 branches, one was removed; plants with 4 and 5 branches were removed two). Biometric measurements, biomass sampling were collected to calculate growth rates and dry matter accumulation. The results indicated that the FONDREN management provided a high cladode emission rate for the two clones, the OEM clone has characteristics that result in high yield values in relation to the other forage palm clones, the cut management (FONDREN) cooperated in the maximization of the final yields of the OEM, resulting in the best values (p <0.05) of accumulation of fresh and dry matter. The FONDREN with the intensities of cuts, provided a high accumulation of dry matter between the moments of cuts. The clone Orelha de Elefante Mexicana when submitted to FONDREN management, shortened the period of the second phenophase (F2) by approximately 2 months, which suggests an anticipation of the ideal harvest time, and provided the best yields of fresh and dry matter when compared to the Miúda clone.Item Caracterização e estabilidade físico-química e bioquímica da mucilagem de Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck obtida com diferentes extratores(2020-10-22) Souza, Jheizon Feitoza do Nascimento; Simões, Adriano do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1895049701533568; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5282052637705053The use of chemical solvents for bioprospecting cacti such as forage palm Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck has been common in academic studies for its applications in the industry. However, the usage of these solvents in large quantities, amplifies their polluting potential and makes their long-term usability impracticable by industries. Therefore, it was aimed to evaluate different extractors and the physicochemical and biochemical stability of the mucilage of forage palm, hydrated, and refrigerated. Cladodes of forage Palm were washed, weighed, cut into cubes, homogenized with organic solvents to (extractor 1 and extractor 2, which cannot be disclosed for patent reasons) obtain mucilage. The precipitate was kept in an oven for drying and it was pulverized with the aid of a mill, thus obtaining a dry powder. After this, the mucilage was hydrated and maintained at 5 ºC for 12 days. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, in a 2x2 factorial scheme with four replications, as in two organic extractors and two evaluation days (0 and 12 days after storage at 5 ºC). The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA, and when significant they were subjected to the Tukey test at 5% probability. It was found that the mucilage yield did not differ between the tested extractors, although with extractor 2 the mucilage became slightly pigmented. Also, extractor 2 resulted in mucilage with higher mean values of citric acid and vitamin C, pH within the ideal range, lower mean values of electrical conductivity, and K+ content. The refrigerated storage time maintained the pH stability, total soluble proteins, Na+ content; total soluble carbohydrates, total phenolic compounds, citric acid, and soluble solids obtained using extractor 2. Thus, extraction with alternative solvent, extractor 2, has shown potential to be used to obtain mucilage for industrial purposes. However, further studies are needed, including the future production of mucilage films, for possible recommendations and agro-industrial applications.Item Desempenho agronômico de clones de palma forrageira Submetidos a diferentes níveis de potássio(2019-02-14) Silva, Fábio Heráclito da; Leite, Maurício Luiz de Mello Vieira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4204641633941814; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1652940323753761Cactus forage can be used as a food alternative for ruminants in the Semi - arid region of Brazil, however, there are few researches related to potassic fertilization in the semi - arid environment and the morphological and productive responses of the cactus forage submitted to potassium fertilization. The objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance of forage palm clones submitted to different levels of potassium fertilization in a semi-arid environment. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco / UniversidadeEstadual de Serra Talhada- UAST, in Serra Talhada-PE, during the period from December 2017 to December 2018. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 5x2 factorial system ( five potassium levels and two palm clones) with three replicates. Two genotypes of forage palm, the Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.) And Docemiúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm. Dyck), were submitted to different doses of potassium (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 kg of K2O ha-1). Morphometric evaluations (plant height, cladode number, length, width and thickness of cladodium) and of green and dry matter production were performed at six months and at 12 months of cultivation. The variables, plant height at six and 12 months of age, did not showItem Impactos de lâminas, frequências e clones sobre a eficiência do uso dos recursos naturais pela palma forrageira(2020) Chagas, Rayles Mayara Moreira; Silva, Thieres George Freire da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0213450385240546; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8301458340642831As an alternative to mitigate the high water deficit in semiarid environments and, seeking better use of natural resources efficiently, the use of adapted crops such as forage cactus and the use of irrigation, becomes a promising alternative for the region. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of different frequencies and different irrigation deep, on the performance of the variables of efficiency in the use of natural resources, aiming to establish a relationship due to water availability on the conditions of the semiarid of Pernambuco. The experiment was conducted in Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil, in a randomized block design (DBC), in a factorial system, composed of two clones of forage palm Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) and Miúda (MIÚ), with five replicates each, four irrigation deep: 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 liters per pot; four irrigation frequencies: 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, plus rainfed conditions. The harvest was carried out to quantify the yields of treatments to calculate the efficiency indicators of the use of natural resources. The blade factor showed a decrease in water use efficiency, while the applied blade was increased, with its maximum application efficiency of 0.5 L, an inverse trend was observed for intercepted photosynthetically active radiation that had maximum efficiency when applied to 2.0 L blade, for the results of the efficiency of the use of radiation there was no significant difference (p>0.05). For the frequency factor, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) for the frequency of 21 days for the water use efficiency ratio, while for intercepted photosynthetically active radiation the increase in frequency decreases its efficiency, in the same way as the results for the frequency showed no difference between (p>0.05). For the clone factor, there is a significant effect, with emphasis on the uses of natural resources, the OEM clone. For the blade x frequency interaction, the best results were obtained for the efficiency in the use of water and for intercepted photosynthetically active radiation, while for the efficiency in the use of radiation, all interactions were the same. Regardless of the clone, irrigation frequencies between 14 and 21 days, in a water regime of 0.5 and 1.0 L, promote greater efficiency for the USA, RFAinter and EUR.Item Desempenho agronômico de pornunça submetida a duas alturas de corte e consorciada com clones de palma forrageira(2019) Moura, Geovane Alves de; Leite, Maurício Luiz de Mello Vieira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4204641633941814; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7520067862400742