TCC - Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (UAST)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/2932
Navegar
22 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Ambiente marinho: percepção ambiental dos estudantes do ensino fundamental II de uma escola pública do sertão de Pernambuco(2018-08-28) Magalhães, Géssica Natália de Moura; Andrade, Luciana de Matos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2869096516724379The studies focused on the understanding of environmental perception among students are indispensable, since they enable the researcher to understand how the student perceives the environment, as well as serve to convey information about its operation. The present study aimed to evaluate the marine environmental perception of Junior High School students (6th to 9th grade) of a public state school in Serra Talhada's county, PE, using the techniques of children's graphics. Data collection took place in November and December 2017, with 44 Junior High School students (6th to 9th grade), enrolled in a state public school, located in Serra Talhada's county, PE. The methodological procedure consisted of three stages: 1. Performing children's artwork; 2. Educational action "lecture"; 3. New realization of children's drawings. The marine environmental perception of the evaluated students in Serra Talhada-PE is Naturalistic / Naturalizing and Globalizing / Integrated this reflects a vision of the untouched nature and even if the man is in this environmental scenario his participation must be based on environmental sustainability. The geographical position of the municipality of Serra Talhada-PE seems to influence the marine environmental perception of the evaluated students who see the sea only with its natural faunistic and floristic aspects as if they were in a parallel world in a decontextualized reality and when coming in contact with the information of this one project began to perceive a reality previously unknown and to demonstrate through the children's drawing the participation of man in a sustainable way, as well as his anthropogenic actions. The educational lecture about the marine environment promoted after the elaboration of the first drawings, without any previous contact or supply of any information on oceanography given in this project, made understand the marine universe of the students and from this, to improve their knowledge, since only after the second drawings could be seen as future agents multiplying environmental sustainability. However, it is essential to emphasize from experience that research with environmental perception needs to aggregate several instruments of data collection in order to perceive, understand and feel the relationships that human beings have with the environment.Item Utilização de substratos artificiais para o monitoramento de macroinvertebrados aquáticos no açude Cachoeira II, Serra Talhada – PE(2019-12-17) Coêlho, Thaynara Cristine Moraes; Oliveira, Cláudia Helena Cysneiros Matos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1587027736201526; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7781135624514118The preservation of water bodies is an alternative to guarantee the sustainability of natural resources, being important in the elaboration of actions of preservation of the aquatic biodiversity and consequently ecological integrity of these water bodies. Periphyton is a group of great ecological importance in continental aquatic environments. Thus, these organisms have been used as bioindicators of water quality, as they respond to specific environmental conditions. For the observation of the colonization process and structuring of the community of this group within streams, it is recommended to use artificial substrates, allowing a greater control of variables such as area to be colonized, superficial substrate heterogeneity and time of colonization, providing a reliable and reliable analysis. of the tested effects on colonization, succession or even human impacts. This paper presents a chapter where the inventory of aquatic insects associated with artificial substrates and macrophytes Ludwigia helminthorrhiza and Egeria densa will be presented, comparing the composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates in the natural and artificial substrates in Cachoeira II, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco - PE reservoir, inferring about its use as instruments in the biomonitoring of water quality in this environment. To evaluate the composition of the community of aquatic insects monthly collections were carried out from September/19 to November/19. The insects were collected from the natural and artificial substrates manually and using aquatic entoological net at three collection points, with three treatments for each point (T1- Aquatic macrophytes freely present at the banks of the reservoir; T2 - PET bottle collectors containing inside it a polyethylene plant mime; T3 - Polyethylene plant mimes attached to the stakes). The samples were sorted in a sieve size (4.76 mm), fixed in 70% alcohol, and identified at species level through a magnifying glass. Subsequently, they were classified as to the degree of sensitivity to pollution using the BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party) index and to the trophic groups. Three 500 mL bottles of water were collected from each point in previously decontaminated containers and kept under refrigeration for further analysis of chemical parameters. In the vicinity of each collection point the abiotic water parameters were measured. The analysis of aquatic entomofauna data found on artificial and natural substrates was based on Margalef Biodiversity Index, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index and Simpson Dominance Index. A total of 483 insects at different developmental stages (larva, nymph and adults) were collected throughout the research, distributed in 10 orders, 34 families, 38 genera and 15 species, besides the presence of ecdises, 857 mollusks, 11 shrimps and 5 spiders. Of this total, 266 insects were collected on artificial substrate distributed in 10 orders, 28 families, 29 genera and 10 species, in addition to 452 mollusks and 6 shrimps. Coleoptera and Hemiptera with eight families and Diptera with six were the most representative, being Hydrophilidae the most abundant family in both substrates. Predators will be more prominent among the aquatic insects found, which are bioindicators of good water quality because they require specific water parameters. The presence and dominance of Hydrophilidae can be justified by the fact that this family is among the most abundant in 9 lotic aquatic ecosystems and because they have disturbance sensitive species. Application of Margalef Biodiversity Index, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index and Simpson Dominance Index indicated a high diversity and species richness. The BMWP Index characterized the environment with acceptable, dubious and polluted quality. Therefore, the results obtained indicate that the monitoring of aquatic environments provides extremely important information about the expansion of pollution in the environment, as well as evaluating the efficiency of measures taken to reduce or eliminate their source of contamination, in order to establish a biomonitoring program of this body of water, essential to supply the municipality of Serra Talhada-PE.Item Atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Croton tetradenius Baill frente a espécies de bactérias patogênicas(2019) Silva, Maria Aliny Nathalia Almeida; Silva, Ana Luiza da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4162831591004569; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1069558787287430Medicinal plants of northeastern Caatinga are widely used in folk medicine by local communities, due to the therapeutic potential they present. Bacterial resistance to multiple drugs has increased in recently due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, generating the need for new broad spectrum drugs. Essential oils are known to be complex mixtures of volatile, lipophilic and odorous organic compounds that have numerous constituents due to secondary metabolites. This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Croton tetradenius (Euphorbiaceae) essential oil collected in the municipality of Triunfo-PE, obtained from the leaves by the hydrodistillation process. The evaluation was made by the paper disc diffusion method, in Petri plates, containing the MüellerHinton Agar medium, sown with bacterial suspensions previously adjusted to a 0.5 of the Mac Farland scale of three isolates. Discs containing 10 L and 15 L of the undiluted essential oil were added to the plates and incubated at 36 °C for 24 hours. Paper discs with the antibiotic Amikacin 30 μg/disc were used as positive control. The tests were performed in triplicates and the inhibition halos established in the average of the halos measured for each species of bacteria. The results show that Croton tetradenius essential oil has antimicrobial activity against the tested isolates Staphylococus aureus and Escherichia coli, except for Klebsiella pneumoniae which was resistant to the tested essential oil.Item Favaliação da atividade alelopática do extrato aquoso de Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby sobre o desenvolvimento de plântulas de Lactuca sativa l.(2019) Medeiros, Luanna Torres de; Saraiva, Rogério de Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6812072552819682; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8680775638977616Allelopathy is understood as a process that occurs in plant communities, where species act through mechanisms capable of interfering with the growth and development of other plants, through the release of chemicals, also called allelochemicals, which are derived from processes that cause they occur naturally in their secondary metabolism and subsequently deposited on the substrate. These allelochemicals may perform harmful or advantageous actions when in contact with other plants present in the same environment, depending on the amount and circumstances in which they are in place. Senna siamea (Lam) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, popularly known as canafistula or cassia-siam is originally from Thailand, but widely found in the Brazilian semiarid region, which has abundant application in landscape use, shading and various ethnopharmacological research. Considering the large dispersal of S. siamea species throughout the Brazilian Northeast, we aimed to evaluate its allelopathic activity on the development of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seedlings. For this, 25 L. sativa seeds were placed in Petri dishes, and at the same time different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100) of the aqueous extract of Senna siamea leaves were added, followed by The seeded plates wererelocated to a germination chamber where they remained for seven days under daily monitoring. The analyzes were performed through measurements of seedling root and hypocotyls and phytotoxicity bioassays and phytochemical tests, from which the presence of secondary metabolites classes such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds were detected. From this, an inhibitory effect was observed in relation to lettuce seedlings, which was observed by observing the root and hypocotyl length, decrease of vigor, presence of necrosis and reduction of chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Based on the knowledge obtained, it is possible to evidence that this plant species has relevant potential as a source of chemical compounds with significant biotechnological properties in the production of natural herbicides for less aggressive use against the weeds, besides the search for more information for proper use of plant species that have allelopathic potential.Item Avaliação da germinação e do crescimento inicial de plântulas de Lactuca sativa L. expostas ao cloreto de alumínio em microambiente(2019) Pádua, Lisandra Celeste da Silva; Saraiva, Rogério de Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6812072552819682; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1077354209259707Aluminum when in low soil concentrations can promote growth or even other benefits to plants. However, in acidic soils (pH <5) this metal can cause phytotoxic effects on plants, becoming one of the limiting factors for their growth. The present study aimed to evaluate the phytotoxicity of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on the germination and initial development of Lactuca sativa L. For this purpose, aqueous solutions of AlCl3 were prepared at concentrations of 0 mg.L-1, 5 mg.L-1,10 mg.L-1, 50 mg.L-1 and 100 mg.L-1. Followed by the application of 3 mL of each solution in Petri dishes containing 25 lettuce seeds each, germinated in a B.O.D (Biochemical Oxigen Demand) chamber lasting seven days. The parameters used to evaluate Al phytotoxicity were: root length, hypocotyl and total, root diameter, NSG / day, IVG, vigor, IT chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and physicochemical parameters. Considering the phytotoxic effects of aluminum demonstrated by the reduction in root size, hypocotyl, total length and increase of root diameter of the seedlings that received the aluminum treatments, the seedlings that received the treatment with the highest concentration showed to be less tolerant to aluminum, however germination, IVG, vigor and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were not negatively affected by aluminum. Thus it can be concluded that aluminum, despite causing root damage, was not sufficient to inhibit the initial development of lettuce seedlings.Item Fungos endofíticos em Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud. Leguminosae, no Semiárido pernambucano(2019) Leite, Isnaelia Gonçalves; Costa, Cynthia Maria Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9859547718446795; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7234066240200376Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that are present in plants and can colonize inter or intracellular various organs, establishing a mutualist relationship with the host. They can be associated with different plant species, including medicinal ones, producing secondary metabolites of biotechnological interest such as antibiotics. Therefore, the objective of this work was to isolate and taxonomically identify the endophytic fungi present in leaves of Bauhinia cheilantha (cowpaw, mororó) collected in Pernambuco semiarid, as well as to evaluate compound with antimicrobial potential. After random leaf collection and disinfection, 140 fragments were removed to isolate the endophytes in 20 Petri dishes containing Sabouraud Agar medium. Of these, 10 plates were kept at room temperature and 10 were stored in a greenhouse at 30 ° C for five days. Subsequently, isolation peaks were performed in pure culture for seven days. Thirty isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained, of which 17 were submitted to the antimicrobial activity test in Müeller Hinton agar solid medium against potentially pathogenic bacteria. No antimicrobial activity was observed under the tested conditions, however, five genera were identified: Alternaria sp., Bipolaris sp., Colletotrichum sp., Nigrospora sp. and Drecheslera sp., which constitute the first report, so far, endophytic fungi present in B. cheilantha for Pernambuco semiarid.Item Técnicas de análise de danos em DNA e cromossomos: uma revisão sistemática de literatura(2019) Aquino, Isabele Naiara da Silva; Gusmão, Cássia Lima Silva Gusmão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8640733451355792; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0199486740137658The evaluation of DNA and chromosome damage is an important tool in the identification and classification of mutations, and can be done through the use of specific genetic techniques. With this, this work had as objective to carry through a bibliographical survey referring the main techniques used in the evaluation of the damages in DNA and chromosomes, observing the types of mutations provoked by the exposure to genotoxic agents and verifying the diverse uses of the techniques in the environmental and human monitoring. To this end, the bibliographic survey was carried out in the Online databases at Google Scholar, SciElo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Medline, Lilacs, Pubmed and in the Thesis Bank of the CAPES Journal, considering the following keywords: Cytogenetic", "DNA damage", "biomarkers", "mutagenic agents" and "genotoxicity". The studies carried out in the periods between 2009 and 2018 were considered. As a result, 300 scientific publications on cytogenetic tests for evaluation of DNA and chromosome damage, of which 40 studies were on the Allium cepa test, 35 were on the micronucleus test, 30 on the comet test, 25 publications on the Ames test, 10 on the chromosomal defects test, 20 on the Fluorescent in situ hybridization technique and 25 on the SMART test. The identification of substances, molecules and physical agents that damage DNA allow the elaboration of measures that minimize the impacts caused by constant exposure to genotoxic and mutagenic agents.Item Desempenho de espécies vegetais conduzidas em sistemas agroflorestais e irrigadas com água cinza na Região do Sertão do Pajeú(2019) Silva, Hugo Felipe da; Barros Júnior, Genival; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4379675294862211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6296491328478393The increasing demand for water in the Brazilian semiarid region has led farmers to seek local solutions to increase the supply of this important input to crops that feed their families and herds. This has already driven small-scale wastewater use in many communities or sites in the region. In this perspective the present work aimed to analyze the performance of fruit and forage plants conducted in Agroforestry Systems, under drip irrigation condition with filtered gray water and rainfed regime under semiarid climate conditions in Sertão do Pajeú, in the municipalities of Flores and Triunfo, in Pernambuco, Brazil. The plant evaluation period was from September 2018 to January 2019, in which the morphometric characteristics of the orange (Citrus sp.), Mango (Mangifera indica L.), soursop (Annona muricata L.), and gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunthex Walp.), as well as forage palm clones Mexican Elephant Ear (OEM) (Opuntia stricta var. IPA-200016 (Haw.) Haw.) IPA Sertânia (IS) and Doce Young (DM) of the species (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck) of the varieties IPA-200205 and IPA-100004, respectively. Stem diameter (DC) and plant height (AP) were evaluated, and for palm clones it was evaluated beyond plant height (AP), plant width (LP), the number of cladodes per plant (NCP). first, second and third order, as well as the determination of the leaf area (AC) calculation through mathematical models; In addition to these parameters, the survival rate and growth rate of these plant species were determined. The use of gray water positively influenced the performance of plants when compared to those conducted under rainfed regime, obtaining superior results, both in growth and in plant survival, in the cultivated molds of the Agroforestry Systems conducted. by farming families. This shows that filtered gray water can be reused, especially in periods of water scarcity, reducing the level of environmental contamination and improving the performance of Agroforestry Systems in the semiarid region, becoming another resource to improve the quality of life of rural households of this region.Item Avaliação da produção de amilase e protease por fungos filamentosos de solos no Semiárido pernambucano(2019) Freires, Ariane Susan Santos; Costa, Cynthia Maria Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9859547718446795; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0685613862543810The fungal soil communities suffer both quantitative and diversity interference caused by biotic and abiotic factors, and in the case of semi-arid soils, they are subject to low water availability, high temperatures and high solar radiation influences directly on the soil. development of these microorganisms. Thus, the objective of this work was to isolate and evaluate the enzymatic activity (amylase and protease) of filamentous fungi of Pernambucano semiarid soils collected at different times in the Mata da Pimenteira State Park Conservation Unit, in the municipality of Serra Talhada - PE. Soil collections were performed in August 2018 and April 2019, at three random points. Isolation of the fungi was performed by serial dilution technique using the Potato Dextrose Agar (BDA) and Sabouraud Agar (SAB) culture media added with chloramphenicol (for the inhibition of bacterial growth) in Petri dishes and incubated at room temperature. environment for seven days. After this period, the fungal colonies were quantified and, based on their morphotype, some were selected for the enzymatic tests of protease and amylase activity. As a result, 43 fungal colonies were isolated and a (CFU / g) quantification of (repeat 1), (repeat 2), (repeat 3) in BDA and SAB culture media, respectively, in the dry season and and (repeat 1), and (repeat 2), (repeat 3) in the BDA and SAB media respectively in the rainy season. Regarding the enzymatic potential 18 isolates were good producers of amylase and protease with emphasis on D8 identified as Aspergillus sp. which obtained greater degradation halos for both amylase and protease, with averages of 3.5 and 3.93 cm, respectively; and I3 also identified as Aspergillus sp. had a larger degradation halo for protease with 5.6 cm, both obtained during the drought period. In the rainy season, I9 (Isolated 4) and D9 (Aspergillus sp.) Stood out, which showed degradation halos of 3.5 and 4.16 cm for amylase and protease, respectively. The isolated fungi in this work have biotechnological importance, emphasizing how necessary is the preservation of habitats for the maintenance of microbial species associated with them.Item Frequência de parasitos em águas provenientes de bebedouros em instituições de ensino localizadas na cidade de Serra Talhada – PE(2019) Novaes, Amanda Teresa da Silva; Lima, Marilene Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9135077184593725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7702324894640501Water is an indispensable element in people's lives, but it can bring health risks. There are few studies on waterborne parasites, most of them reports on Coliform bacteria. Thus, parasitological analysis of water from drinking fountains plays a key role, as children, adolescents and young people spend most of their day in these educational institutions. Thus the objective of this work was to evaluate the contamination by parasites in waters from drinking fountains located in educational institutions in the city of Serra Talhada - PE. The experiment was based on the principles of the spontaneous sedimentation technique of Hoffman, Pons and Janer (1934). Thirty water samples were collected from ten educational institutions. The collection took place in the morning and was randomly drawn from both the water cooler and the tap, once collected were analyzed at the Biology Laboratory of the Rural Federal University of Pernambuco Serra Talhada Academic Unit (LABIOO). The results showed that 20% (6/30) of the samples showed positive results for protozoan, nematode and arthropod. According to the results it was also possible to observe the diversity among the drinking fountains in the educational institutions, as well as the observation of the conditions of these drinking fountains. It is concluded that there is a prevalence of parasites in drinking fountains belonging to educational institutions, and should be zero the amount of parasites found in water, since this is for human consumption.
- «
- 1 (current)
- 2
- 3
- »