TCC - Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (UAST)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/2932
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Item Análise microbiológica de água de torneiras residenciais no município de Serra Talhada-PE(2019) Gomes, Maryelle Adja de Freitas; Siqueira, Virgínia Medeiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5524459744893735; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0954723255699530Water can undergo chemical and biological variations along distribution systems, changing their quality when it reaches the consumer. This causes concern throughout, since inappropriate drinking water directly affects public health once water may act as a vehicle for pathogenic microorganisms of enteric origin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of tap water in residences in five districts Serra Talhada-PE's municipality, as well as to analyze the effectiveness of alternative treatments such as filtration and chlorination. The samples were collected in pre-sterilized and aseptically flashed glass vials and were fractionated in three sub-samples: without treatment (ST), treated with sodium hypochlorite (T-NaCl) and filtration with microporous porcelain filters (T-Filt). All subsamples were submit to the research and quantification of total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms and total bacteria, using methodology described by the American Public Health Association (APHA). For this, the technique of multi-tubes for 3 tubes and quantification by the Most Probable Number (NMP) and Colony Forming Units (CFU) were used. As results, two of the five subsamples (ST) presented quantification of 43 NMP and 23 NMP/mL for total coliforms, and of 7.4 NMP/mL and 3.6 NMP / mL for thermotolerant coliforms, thus being considered inappropriate human consumption according to Portaria 518/2004 of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. Regarding the analysis of total bacteria, no sample had CFU higher than 500 CFU / mL, being therefore within the required standard. The treatment with hypochlorite showed efficiency in the reduction of total bacteria, total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms. Regarding filtration, there was an increase in microbial density in relation to the ST samples, indicating a possible contamination in the ceramic filters. However, for this same treatment (T-Filt), the results were negative for total and thermotolerant coliforms, indicating that this method was effective in the elimination of these microorganisms. It is assumed that the two samples that presented thermotolerant coliforms were contaminated by the reservoir of the residences, or the contamination comes from the pipelines of the supply network. In addition, alternative treatment using hypochlorite has proved effective and may be indicated for households that use tap water for human consumption.Item Frequência de parasitos em águas provenientes de bebedouros em instituições de ensino localizadas na cidade de Serra Talhada – PE(2019) Novaes, Amanda Teresa da Silva; Lima, Marilene Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9135077184593725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7702324894640501Water is an indispensable element in people's lives, but it can bring health risks. There are few studies on waterborne parasites, most of them reports on Coliform bacteria. Thus, parasitological analysis of water from drinking fountains plays a key role, as children, adolescents and young people spend most of their day in these educational institutions. Thus the objective of this work was to evaluate the contamination by parasites in waters from drinking fountains located in educational institutions in the city of Serra Talhada - PE. The experiment was based on the principles of the spontaneous sedimentation technique of Hoffman, Pons and Janer (1934). Thirty water samples were collected from ten educational institutions. The collection took place in the morning and was randomly drawn from both the water cooler and the tap, once collected were analyzed at the Biology Laboratory of the Rural Federal University of Pernambuco Serra Talhada Academic Unit (LABIOO). The results showed that 20% (6/30) of the samples showed positive results for protozoan, nematode and arthropod. According to the results it was also possible to observe the diversity among the drinking fountains in the educational institutions, as well as the observation of the conditions of these drinking fountains. It is concluded that there is a prevalence of parasites in drinking fountains belonging to educational institutions, and should be zero the amount of parasites found in water, since this is for human consumption.Item Utilização de substratos artificiais para o monitoramento de macroinvertebrados aquáticos no açude Cachoeira II, Serra Talhada – PE(2019-12-17) Coêlho, Thaynara Cristine Moraes; Oliveira, Cláudia Helena Cysneiros Matos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1587027736201526; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7781135624514118The preservation of water bodies is an alternative to guarantee the sustainability of natural resources, being important in the elaboration of actions of preservation of the aquatic biodiversity and consequently ecological integrity of these water bodies. Periphyton is a group of great ecological importance in continental aquatic environments. Thus, these organisms have been used as bioindicators of water quality, as they respond to specific environmental conditions. For the observation of the colonization process and structuring of the community of this group within streams, it is recommended to use artificial substrates, allowing a greater control of variables such as area to be colonized, superficial substrate heterogeneity and time of colonization, providing a reliable and reliable analysis. of the tested effects on colonization, succession or even human impacts. This paper presents a chapter where the inventory of aquatic insects associated with artificial substrates and macrophytes Ludwigia helminthorrhiza and Egeria densa will be presented, comparing the composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates in the natural and artificial substrates in Cachoeira II, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco - PE reservoir, inferring about its use as instruments in the biomonitoring of water quality in this environment. To evaluate the composition of the community of aquatic insects monthly collections were carried out from September/19 to November/19. The insects were collected from the natural and artificial substrates manually and using aquatic entoological net at three collection points, with three treatments for each point (T1- Aquatic macrophytes freely present at the banks of the reservoir; T2 - PET bottle collectors containing inside it a polyethylene plant mime; T3 - Polyethylene plant mimes attached to the stakes). The samples were sorted in a sieve size (4.76 mm), fixed in 70% alcohol, and identified at species level through a magnifying glass. Subsequently, they were classified as to the degree of sensitivity to pollution using the BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party) index and to the trophic groups. Three 500 mL bottles of water were collected from each point in previously decontaminated containers and kept under refrigeration for further analysis of chemical parameters. In the vicinity of each collection point the abiotic water parameters were measured. The analysis of aquatic entomofauna data found on artificial and natural substrates was based on Margalef Biodiversity Index, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index and Simpson Dominance Index. A total of 483 insects at different developmental stages (larva, nymph and adults) were collected throughout the research, distributed in 10 orders, 34 families, 38 genera and 15 species, besides the presence of ecdises, 857 mollusks, 11 shrimps and 5 spiders. Of this total, 266 insects were collected on artificial substrate distributed in 10 orders, 28 families, 29 genera and 10 species, in addition to 452 mollusks and 6 shrimps. Coleoptera and Hemiptera with eight families and Diptera with six were the most representative, being Hydrophilidae the most abundant family in both substrates. Predators will be more prominent among the aquatic insects found, which are bioindicators of good water quality because they require specific water parameters. The presence and dominance of Hydrophilidae can be justified by the fact that this family is among the most abundant in 9 lotic aquatic ecosystems and because they have disturbance sensitive species. Application of Margalef Biodiversity Index, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index and Simpson Dominance Index indicated a high diversity and species richness. The BMWP Index characterized the environment with acceptable, dubious and polluted quality. Therefore, the results obtained indicate that the monitoring of aquatic environments provides extremely important information about the expansion of pollution in the environment, as well as evaluating the efficiency of measures taken to reduce or eliminate their source of contamination, in order to establish a biomonitoring program of this body of water, essential to supply the municipality of Serra Talhada-PE.