TCC - Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (UAST)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/2932
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Item Diversidade de aves noturnas na caatinga no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil(2022-05-26) Boaventura, Angela Maria Mateus; Fernandes, Alexandre Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0273567197386804; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4028586068332184Birds have an important ecological role, acting as bioindicators of environmental quality, among other aspects. Currently, the Brazilian avifauna is home to 1.971 species, of which about 510 are found in the Caatinga domain and 23 are endemic. In the Caatinga, no studies were found exclusively focused on the diversity of nocturnal birds in this phytogeographic region, and this is the first research of this nature. In this context, the present work aimed to determine the diversity of nocturnal birds in two areas of caatinga in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: in the Mata da Pimenteira State Park (PEMP), Serra Talhada -PE and in the Sítio Várzea Grande (SITIO), Calumbi – PE. Nocturnal samplings were carried out from April 2019 to December 2021, proceeding to record the species through spontaneous recordings of the birds' vocalization. In addition, the effect of lunar illumination, temperature, precipitation, cloud cover and wind on the detectability of birds' vocalization was evaluated. The diversity of species was obtained through the Shannon Diversity Index (H') and the effectiveness in the collections was analyzed through the rarefaction curve. The richness of eight species of nocturnal birds was found in the evaluated areas, belonging to the Strigiformes, Nyctibiiformes and Caprimulgiformes orders. Of these, six were present at PMPE and seven at SITIO. Also noteworthy is the first occurrence of Aegolius harrisii, for the Caatinga domain, thus expanding the distribution of the species. It was also observed that precipitation presented a positive correlation with detectability, however, no significant differences were found in the correlation tests in relation to the other variables analyzed. Due to this controversy, more studies between nocturnal bird communities and exogenous factors should be done, in order to better understand the biology of nocturnal birds in the Neotropical region.Item Estudo etnoornitológico em comunidade quilombola do entorno da Serra do Giz, Afogados da Ingazeira, Pernambuco, Brasil(2018) Veras, Aurea Palloma Bezerra Barbosa; Fernandes, Alexandre Mendes; Almeida, Cauê Guion de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2072654463873094; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0273567197386804; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1108361034364482The biological, utilitarian, sociocultural and socio-affective relationships between humans and birds are understood and studied by ethno-ornithology. The present research had as objective to investigate about the meanings, symbolic representations and the diverse relationships existing between the inhabitants of a quilombola community of the semiarid of Pernambuco and the birds of Serra do Giz to address the role that the community can play in the conservation of birds in this area and its environment. For this, 23 individuals were interviewed through semi-structured script, complemented by free interviews and informal conversations, as well as visual materials. 147 vernacular names were registered, referring to 110 species, distributed in 21 orders and 40 families. We studied aspects related to bird naming criteria, nesting, reproductive behavior, feeding habits and social behavior. Twenty-eight birds were registered as predictors of events (changes in time, death, omens, home visits, luck and bad luck). We investigated aspects related to the use of birds, the informants’ conceptions regarding their conservation and the transmission of ethno-ornithological knowledge. The disappearance of several birds from the Serra do Giz and its surroundings was mostly attributed to drought and hunting (capture for illegal trade, breeding and food). It was verified that the information of the popular knowledge, for the most part, matches with the scientific literature, proving that the inhabitants of the community know the biological and ecological aspects of the birds and maintains sociocultural relationships with them. As Serra do Giz is a new area that is in the process of being to become conservation unit, it is important to develop research involving the surrounding communities for wild birds’ conservation, since the ethnoornithological knowledge can strengthen the scientific literature and be an ally in the elaboration of conservation strategies along with researchers and other agencies.Item Modelagem de distribuição e bioacústica de aves co-distribuídas em florestas úmidas da América do Sul(2022-05-27) Ferreira, Maria Eduarda Alves; Fernandes, Alexandre Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0273567197386804The tropical rainforests of South America have a somewhat intriguing evolutionary history. Moments of expansion and retraction of these forests at different periods of time are suggested to be crucial for species dispersal, extinction, and speciation events. Studies with numerous taxa co-distributed between the Amazon and Atlantic Forest, and the existence of forest refugia, such as the Brejos de Altitude, in the middle of the Caatinga demonstrate the existing similarity between these forests and evidence a past and recurrent forest connectivity between the biomes. Routes through which such connections between forests have occurred have been proposed for a better understanding of their historical dynamics. In the present research, we predicted, through distribution modeling and analysis of vocal characters of different bird species co-distributed in the Amazon, Atlantic Forest and in fragments of these forests along the Cerrado and Caatinga (Brejos de Altitude), biogeographic connections between the biomes during the Last Glacial Maximum (UMG - 21 thousand years - Ka). In addition to identifying past connections, this study sought to understand how climate changes that occurred from the UMG into the future may influence the distribution of species. To do so, potential distribution models were built in different scenarios, being past (UMG-21Ka, Holocene-6Ka), Present (1970-2000) and Future (2070); and vocal parameters of suboscine and oscine species were analyzed. Modeling results for the UMG identified connections between Amazon and Atlantic Forest through the southernmost regions of the country, supporting the SE-NW route, and through Caatinga, via the NE route. Both connection routes may have played an important role in the dispersal of taxa between the biomes. Vocal analysis found no difference between the vocalizations of the species and the different environments, thus suggesting recent connections between forests and contact between populations so that the time of separation between Amazon and Atlantic Forest was not enough to distinguish them vocally. For the future, the models indicate shrinking areas suitable for the occurrence of the species. This result serves as a warning for actions aimed at the conservation of biomes and birds that occur in forest environments.Item Modelagem de distribuição e variação vocal do bacurauzinho, Nannochordeiles pusillus (Aves: Caprimulgidae), em diferentes biomas neotropicais(2022-05-25) Nascimento, Nathália Marques da Silva do; Fernandes, Alexandre Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0273567197386804The Bacurauzinho, Nannochordeiles pusillus, has a wide distribution in areas with open vegetation and occurs in different phytophysiognomies such as Cerrado, Caatinga and Pantanal. However, the evolutionary history, genetic and phenotypic differentiation of the group is still not well understood, and thus there is no consensus regarding the number of subspecies existing for the taxon. Our recent, unpublished studies based on mitochondrial and genomic DNA sequencing data suggest that there are two morphologically distinct lineages in N. pusillus separated about 2 million years ago. One of these lineages has a distribution in open vegetation areas in the Amazon, known as Campinas, and has the plumage of the subcaudal region with black bars, while the other lineage has a circum-Amazonian distribution and has white subcaudal plumage. Thus, the present work aimed to analyze whether there are differences in potential distribution in different periods (past, present and future) and whether there are differences in song between the two lineages of the nighthawk. For this, we used the distribution modeling, in which occurrence points and maps of environmental variables are combined to create distribution models. To investigate the variation of vocalizations in the species, initially a survey of singing data was carried out on online platforms and after a screening different parameters were used, with frequency being the main parameter analyzed. The results obtained corroborate the existence of two lineages, and reinforce that the two lineages should be recognized as full species, since they present morphological differences, high genetic and vocal divergence, in addition to having a parapatric distribution in different phytophysiognomies. The bioacoustics data determine that the Amazon lineage has a slower song with a greater number of phrases, in addition to the frequency being lower when compared to the circum-Amazonian lineage, and the N. pusillus lineage circum-Amazonian has a faster song and with higher frequency. Regarding distribution modeling, the circumAmazonian lineage is more generalist, occurs in different open vegetation biomes and may not be affected by climate change, but benefited, while the Amazon lineage is a specialist in the Amazonian grasslands and may suffer population reduction. due to loss of habitat by climate change. In addition to resolving taxonomic uncertainties, the present work contributes to the adoption of conservation policies, since in addition to the Amazon lineage, other species are endemic to the campinas and these areas are not within the Conservation Units (UC's) of integral protection, thus, the present work contributes for these to be defined as priorities to avoid the loss of biological diversity endemic to the campinas as a result of climate change.