TCC - Licenciatura em Pedagogia (Sede)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/468
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Item A atitude do educador na construção da autonomia e do brincar livre de crianças bem pequenas: um estudo à luz da abordagem Pikler(2022-10-06) Vanderlei, Jessika Maria; Silva, Emmanuelle Christine Chaves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4816027610768343; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9752154855470293The present study discusses the role of the educator in the construction of the autonomy of very young children in the context of Early Childhood Education in the light of the Pikler Approach, intertwining discussions about the influence of the educator's attitude in the construction of children's autonomy and the ways in which they play in the classroom. exercise of their autonomy, in order to highlight the essentiality of a pedagogical practice sensitive to details and whose main objective is to promote the necessary conditions so that in playing each child has the opportunity to act on their own initiative and build their autonomy while experiencing a play of meanings. In this trajectory, the Pikler Approach was used as the main theoretical foundation, which permeated the bibliographies of Falk (2016), Soares (2017), Fochi et al. (2017), Falk (2021), among other references to that approach. From this perspective, the study is a qualitative research that is proposed as a general objective to investigate the role of the educator in promoting the autonomy of very young children in an Early Childhood Education institution that bases its pedagogical practice on the Pikler Approach. Based on it, the specific objectives were defined: Identify the educator's attitude in promoting the autonomy of very young children in a Group III class and Analyze the ways in which children play in view of the educator's attitude. For that, a case study was carried out, involving an educator/pedagogue and ten children, in a group of Group III of an Early Childhood Education Center in the Metropolitan Region of Recife. Data collection was carried out through observations recorded on video in order to look closely at the meanings of the empirical field. From the analyses, five attitudes of the educator in the promotion of the child's autonomy were identified, among which, the attitude of Availability and Observation, identified when the educator was observing the children's play and was not sought after, and that of Availability and Service, when the educator was watching the play and when requested by a child, she answered making suggestions and inciting reflections. In relation to playing, five categories of play were evidenced: Heuristic Play; Heuristic Play and Make-believe; Sensory/Tactile Explorations and Movement; Free Movement; and Make-believe; among which, the categories of Free Movement and Playing Free and Make-Believe had the highest percentage of emergency along the video recordings. From the results, we emphasize that when the educator assumes an attitude that respects the child's play and autonomy, it is possible to perceive how much this allows the child to put into practice all his/her power when playing. With this, we emphasize the contributions of the Pikler Approach that reveal the potential and possibilities for a pedagogical practice that prioritizes respect, the affective bond, the child's autonomy and the attentive action of the educator in favor of the integral development of the child in its various dimensions.Item Atividades de atenção pessoal, movimento livre e brincar dos bebês: um estudo de caso na rede municipal do Recife sob a ótica da abordagem Pikler(2021-07-08) Monnerat, Karina Ismerio dos Santos; Silva, Emmanuelle Christine Chaves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4816027610768343; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6244037225442289The present study had as its theme self-care and free movement in babies from 0 to 3 years old in the daycare context. We adopted the Pikler approach as theoretical basis and the principles of respect, trust, and bonding in collective work with babies and children, contemplating their individualities. The Pikler approach is directed to children and babies from 0 to 3 years old, in their daily life, in their interaction with adults, and in their autonomy. It was proposed by physician Emmi Pikler, from her first experiences as a pediatrician, where she could see that the intimacy and reciprocity of the adult with the baby were of great importance for its development and to provide the child's autonomy. Thus, this work is characterized as a qualitative field research with the general objective of understanding how daily attention and free movement activities occur in a municipal nursery in Recife-PE. In addition, the specific objectives were to identify how babies' personal attention and welcoming activities occur and how babies' individuality is considered in these activities, and also to identify whether the school physical space and the routine established by the teacher provide for the babies' free movement. A multiple case study was then carried out (involving five babies aged between 10 and 11 months and the educational professionals who worked with them) in a nursery class in a municipal daycare center in the Metropolitan Region of Recife. The research data were collected through interviews with the educational professionals (teachers, child development assistants, and a trainee) who worked with the babies and also through observations of the babies during their routine at the daycare center, based on video recordings. Through the analysis of the data collected, it was noticed that the activities of daily attention and free movement happen in a routine and often mechanized way, without giving due value to the performance of these activities and without understanding their importance for child development. It was identified that hygiene care, feeding, and the welcoming of the babies take place in order to favor the work of the adults and to comply with the routine established by the daycare center and, therefore, do not aim at meeting the babies' needs in the first place. During collective moments, the attentive look to the particular needs is not considered, prevailing the collective and homogenizing look. We conclude, therefore, that the very configuration of daycare centers is not favorable to meet the individual needs of children, considering that in these collective environments there are a large number of children for few adults, especially when we take into consideration that this age group demands a lot of care and exclusive dedication from the adult.