TCC - Engenharia Florestal (Sede)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/436
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Distribuição espacial da fauna edáfica em topossequência sobre um remanescente de floresta ombrófila densa em Pernambuco(2024-09-27) Santana, Augusto Guilherme Caldas de; Lima, Tarcísio Viana de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0814281560377954Soil is considered a fundamental component as it induces the dynamic processes that shape the growth and development of the biological heritage of different terrestrial ecosystems. This biotic structure is represented by plants, animals, microorganisms, and soil fauna. In the specific case of soil fauna, there is significant morphological and functional diversity among these organisms, which are classified according to their respective sizes or body diameters and the ecological roles they play in the soil. Therefore, the objective of this work was to diagnose and evaluate the spatial distribution of soil fauna over a remnant of Dense Ombrophilous Forest, according to its toposequential exposure. The studies were conducted at Dois Irmãos State Park (Pedi), Recife-PE, at two moments: the rainy season (August) and the dry season (January). To carry out the activities, the vegetational cover was divided into three thirds (lower, middle, and upper), where simple samples of leaf litter and soil were collected to a depth of 5 cm. These materials were sent to the Forest Defense Laboratory at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) for manual sorting, initially of the macrofauna and then of the mesofauna, using Berlese-Tüllgren funnels to evaluate ecological structural characteristics. For data analysis, the ecological indices of Shannon-Weaver, Pielou, and Simpson were applied, with results showing a higher abundance of individuals in the lower third and in the leaf litter layer during the rainy season, with a predominance of the order Hymenoptera, but greater species richness in the upper third, indicating higher diversity in the leaf litter of this section. The dry season had more individuals than the rainy season, suggesting that the action of rain influences density in the different thirds of the toposequence, with greater accumulation in the lower third due to its lower altitude. The ecological indices indicated that the highest diversity is concentrated in the leaf litter of the upper third, as observed in the rainy season. Microclimatic data showed higher temperatures in the upper third, providing further support for the greater diversity present there. Hymenoptera was the taxonomic group with the highest presence in both periods, followed by Blattodea, Araneae, Chilopoda, and Coleoptera. The cluster analysis demonstrated that the dry season had greater similarity among the thirds, considering leaf litter and soil, than the rainy season.Item Influência de granitos anorogênicos (Tipo A) na geoquímica de elementos terras raras em solo no semiárido brasileiro(2023-02-24) Santana, Laura Mariana Nascimento de; Silva, Ygor Jacques Agra Bezerra da; Nascimento, Rennan Cabral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5916790861002578; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0904824873761236; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5352138228552126The global demands for rare earth elements (REEs) are continuously increasing and, consequently, the accumulation of these elements in the soil and the environment has caused adverse effects on human and environmental health, causing growing concern not only in the scientific community, but throughout society. The geochemistry of REEs in soils remains poorly understood, particularly in semi-arid environments. Studies on the dynamics of REEs in different geological, pedological and climatic contexts are necessary to understand the different biogeochemical behaviors of these elements. However, there are still no studies on the effect of type A granites on the physical, chemical and mineralogical attributes of soils located in different environmental conditions. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the influence of the mineralogy of anorogenic granites (A Type) on the mineralogy and geochemistry of rare earth elements in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The soil profile was selected based on the geological map of Pernambuco. A Type granite was analyzed using a petrographic microscope, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Soil morphology was described based on the Soil Description and Collection Manual in the Field and the soil profile classification was according to the Brazilian Soil Classification System. REEs readings were made by optical emission spectrometry. An X-ray diffractometer was used to identify the minerals in the soil fractions. The soil profile derived from type A granite in the semi-arid region was classified as CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO Ta Eutrófico Típico, defined by the presence of an incipient B diagnostic horizon (Bi), being deep, not stony, not gravelly and not rocky. Based on the fertilizer recommendation manual for the state of Pernambuco, the natural fertility of the soil profile originating from type A granite was considered moderate. A Type granite showed a high proportion of mafic and accessory minerals, mainly biotite, hornblende, allanite, garnet, opaque minerals and apatite. Bastnasite and monazite weathering were the main sources of REEs in the soil. The average total concentration of REEs in the soil profile originating from A type granite was very high (394.2 mg kg-1), being higher than the average of soils derived from other granite types (I and S Types), as well as from average of the soils of Europe, China, Japan, Sweden and the reference soils of Brazil. Soil derived from A type granite showed REE enrichment, with slight fractionation between LREEs and HREEs. The LaN/YbN ratio slightly higher than one also confirmed the slight fractionation between LREEs/HREEs. There was no fractionation between LREEs (LaN/SmN ratio <1). However, there was a slight fractionation among the HREEs (GdN/YbN ratio > 1) due to these metals being more mobile than the LREEs. The positive cerium (Ce) anomaly is explained by the oxidizing condition of the profile, in which Ce3+ transforms into Ce4+, presenting low solubility and a greater tendency to enrichment. The positive europium (Eu) anomaly is explained by the substitution of Eu by strontium (Sr2+) in plagioclase. Therefore, the positive Eu anomaly in the soil reflects the same geochemical signature in its parent material. The mineralogical composition of A type granite, as well as the mineralogy of the soil, had a strong influence on the geochemistry of REEs in the soil. This study provides evidence of the influence of A type granite on the geochemistry of REEs in soil located in the Brazilian semi-arid region.Item Análise temporal do uso e ocupação do solo da Bacia do Médio Jaguaribe - CE(2018) Castro, José Artur Borges de; Duarte, Simone Mirtes Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5876968040869585The hydrographic region of the Middle Jaguaribe is an area of vital importance to the state of Ceará, benefiting the whole region around it with fish farming, irrigation, water transposition and, as a consequence of the dam, regulates the flow of the Jaguaribe River. Its construction began in 1995 and concluded in 2003. In recent years, there has been a reduction in precipitation, which means that reservoirs are not recharged, reducing local economic dynamics. Following this reasoning, the objective of this work is to make a temporal analysis of the use and occupation of the soil of the Jaguaribe mid basin during a period of nine years, between 2006 and 2015, using LANDSAT 5 ETM satellite images in the year 2006 and LANDSAT 8 OLI for 2015, provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the images used in the process were recorded during the dry period of the region, and using GIS applications it is possible to quantify the exposed soil, vegetation, agricultural activities and urban areas , and estimating morphometric variables. The results show a visible reduction of vegetation and soil growth, caused by the reduction of the levels of the small reservoirs and by anthropic activities, and the morphometric results indicate that the basin is not conducive to flooding.