TCC - Engenharia Florestal (Sede)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/436
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Análise da regeneração natural em áreas de restauração florestal na Zona da Mata Sul de Pernambuco(2023-09-14) Calixto, Shermesson Henrique Mota; Feliciano, Ana Lícia Patriota; Silva, Marília Isabelle Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1029149032423660; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9184673853412326; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3349917891877024In the evaluation of the restoration process, natural regeneration is a relevant indicator for evaluate the functioning of recovering ecosystems. This is because it represents the processes of species establishment and the sustainability of the tree community, which is responsible for triggering ecological processes. This study aimed to analyze natural regeneration in two riparian areas located in the South Wood Zone of Pernambuco, with the intention of inferring about the forest restoration process of these environments. The work was carried out in two areas undergoing restoration (Palma III and Palma IV), located in Sirinhaém/PE. Twenty plots (5 x 5 m) were installed in each study area, and floristic and phytosociological surveys were conducted to verify composition and structure. Regenerating individuals were considered those with a height equal to or greater than 1 m and with a circumference at breast height (CBH) less than 15 cm. After species identification, their origin, endemism, ecological groups, dispersal syndromes, and pollination syndromes were determined. The main results of the floristic analysis showed that the majority of species in the Palma III area (PIII) are early successional species, while pioneers occupy that space in the Palma IV area (PIV). In both areas, most species have zoochorous dispersal syndrome and melittophilous pollination syndrome, and they are native to the Atlantic Forest biome and not endemic. In the PIII area, the species Guarea guidonia was dominant, representing 70.80% of the total density of the study and occupying 85% of the plots with a total of 80 individuals. These factors resulted in low diversity and evenness indices in the area. Guarea guidonia was also the dominant species in the PIV area, but with a more balanced proportion of individuals, with 21 individuals representing a total density of 31.34%, present in 50% of the plots. PIV alsoItem Influência do monocultivo de pau-brasil (Paubrasilia echinata Lam E. Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis, Fabaceae) na regeneração e fauna edáfica em área de Mata Atlântica de Pernambuco(2023-09-21) Nogueira, Natália Dias Guerra; Gonçalves, Maria da Penha Moreira; Lima, Tarcísio Viana de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0814281560377954; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0539509819672370; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1735222852823675Restoration processes of tropical forests can be conducted through the planting of native species in degraded areas caused by human activities, aiming for the gradual reconstruction of a dynamic and biodiverse ecosystem. However, little is known about the performance of a native species planted in a monocultural model for restoration purposes. Based on this principle, the objective of this research was to assess the influence of the monocultural system with Paubrasilia echinata on the regeneration flora and soil fauna in the understory of a Semideciduous Seasonal Forest environment in Pernambuco. For this purpose, two areas were selected: one in passive restoration with a plantation of Pau-Brasil aged over 50 years (BPB), and an adjacent Native Forest (MN) area used as a control area, both within a protected area of the Tapacurá Ecological Station, an advanced campus of UFRPE. A survey of natural regeneration and soil fauna was conducted as ecological indicators in both areas, with a total of 6 plots measuring 600m² each. For regeneration, tree individuals with a Circumference at Breast Height (CBH) of up to 15cm and a minimum height of 1m were measured, identified to the species level, and classified by origin, dispersal syndrome, and ecological groups. Richness was determined by the species list, and diversity was assessed using Shannon-Weaver Diversity Indices, Simpson's Dominance, and Pielou's Evenness. The species were analyzed both horizontally and in 3 height classes. To evaluate the soil fauna, pitfall traps were used, 9 in each area, the collected organisms were screened and identified, when possible, at order level. The analysis of the edaphic fauna was made through the ANAFAU program, which provides ecological indexes and information on the structure of the community. The results of the ecological indexes of the two indicators were compared by the Hutcheson t test in the PAST program. As a result, in natural regeneration the area of MN presented greater richness and higher values of diversity and equability, while the area of BPB presented higher dominance due to the superior and expressive presence of individuals in regeneration of the species. There was a significant statistical difference for the diversity and dominance of natural regeneration among the studied areas. In both areas it was observed a greater number of zoochoric species and highlight to the ecological group of early secondary. Only in the area of MN there were records of exotic species. Individuals were observed in the three height classes in both areas, being the MN with the highest number of species with this representation. Regarding the edaphic fauna, higher values of abundance in the BPB area and greater richness in the MN area were verified, and the soil fauna diversity was similar between the areas. The orders Collembola, Hymenoptera and Diptera were highlighted for the two areas. The order Orthoptera was found in greater abundance and frequency in the BPB area. Therefore, the monoculture of Brazilwood has been negatively influencing the stratum of natural regeneration in questions of plant diversity and has been affecting the proportion of some groups of soil fauna.Item Histórico das mudanças nas classes de uso e cobertura do solo nas fazendas da Eucatex no estado de São Paulo(2022-09-27) Silva, Yasmim Victória de Araújo e; Berger, Rute; Marques, Luísa Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1603075418219366; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5395827385005105; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0643141145421813The consumption of forest-based products has increased in recent decades and forestry has been considered a strategic segment to collaborate and encourage the increase in the production of wood products. Until 2019, forest plantations represented about 9.8 million hectares in Brazil. The first land use and land cover classification system with remote sensing data aimed to identify the different categories of land classes. Land cover changes can be related to conversions, which are the complete replacement of one type of cover with another. The objective of this work was to measure the conversion of areas in forest management farms planted with Eucalyptus sp. of Eucatex Florestal, which are the scope of forest certification (FSC-FM), following the natural forest in an interval of up to 27 years (1994 – 2021). The study areas correspond to 51 Eucatex Florestal farms in the regions of Botucatu, Sorocaba and Bauru, in the state of São Paulo, distributed in 18 municipalities. In this study, Eucalyptus is not planted in conjunction with natural forest, but at the stands for commercial purposes, and areas with native species are separated by setbacks or trails. Imagery from satellite Landsat 5, 7, and 8 was used, depending on availability for the requested date. The images were downloaded from the Earth Explorer website and the maximum likelihood method was applied. Of the 51 farms analyzed, 43 had an increase in their natural forest areas and only eight had some type of vegetation loss. The Morrinhos Radar farm showed the greatest increase in the “natural forest” class since 1994, totaling 455.13 ha converted. The Santa Filomena farm had the greatest area loss, with 39.82 ha of its natural forest areas lost, and the other seven farms lost less than 10 ha. There was a increase in the natural forest cover spontaneously, without the application of forest restoration techniques, only with the isolation of the areas. The farms lost more area of natural forest before being acquired by the company, whereas after the implantation of the Eucalyptus stands, there was an increase in the natural areas. The culture of Eucalyptus sp. did not interfere with the regeneration of natural forest areas.