TCC - Bacharelado em Agronomia (UAST)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/2928
Navegar
9 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Caracterização e estabilidade da mucilagem de Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck: um estudo comparativo sob diferentes aspectos agronômicos(2020-10-23) Sousa, Lady Daiane Costa de; Simões, Adriano do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1895049701533568; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0248842512558444The mucilage of forange Palm has great applicability in several areas, especially in the food area, and it has shown to be promising for being a natural source of polysaccharides. Recent studies have demonstrated that the environmental conditions of the Nopalea and Opuntia clones changed the physicochemical composition of the mucilage. In this sense, it was aimed to conduct a physicochemical characterization of the Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck mucilage, hydrated and conserved under refrigeration, extracted from cladodes harvested with different sizes and different times. Two studies were performed, in the first one the cladodes were collected at 6 am in two sizes (100 to 230 mm) and (240 to 300 mm), and the size between 100 and 230 mm was defined as the most adequate, with it was carried the second study out in which cladodes were collected at two specific times (6 am and 8 pm). The cladodes were collected in the experimental area of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco / Academic Unit of Serra Talhada (UFRPE / UAST) and transported to the laboratory of the Graduate and Post-graduating Program in Plant Production at UFRPE / UAST to obtain mucilage. Succeeding obtaining the mucilage, it was hydrated and stored at 5° C for 12 days. The yield of mucilage powder was quantified after processing and the following analyzes were performed at the beginning of the experiment and after 12 days: total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, electrical conductivity, and sodium and potassium content, vitamin C, carbohydrates, and total proteins and infrared spectroscopy. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design, each of which was carried out in a 2x2 factorial scheme, with four replications. In which in the first study there were two sizes of cladodes (100 to 230 mm) and (240 to 300 mm) and two evaluation days (0 and 12). In the second study, there were two different times (6 am and 8 pm) and two evaluation days (0 and 12). The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA and when significant, they were subjected to the Tukey test at 5% probability. It was verified that mucilage yield was higher 14 for cladodes harvested at 6 am compared to those harvested at 8 pm. Furthermore, the mucilage obtained from cladodes of sizes between 100 and 230 mm showed lower acidity, electrical conductivity, and a decreased degree of esterification. In addition to having a higher content of soluble solids and proteins. The harvest at 6 am has resulted in a mucilage with a lower content of soluble solids, citric acid, electrical conductivity, sodium, and potassium content. In conservation, mucilage from cladodes with sizes between 100 and 230 mm showed greater stability, as for the time of harvest, there was no difference in stability for the analyzed parameters. Therefore, the different conditions for obtaining the cladodes result in differences in the physical-chemical composition of the mucilage, which can make it flexible or enhance its uses in the most diverse areas.Item Fenologia e desempenho agronômico de clones de palma forrageira durante o 2º ciclo produtivo(2021-02-23) Silva, José Orlando Nunes da; Silva, Thieres George Freire da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0213450385240546; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1780809142332408The selection of species of forage plants adapted to the Semi-arid climate reduces the impacts promoted by climatic adversities on livestock. This study investigated the performance of six forage cactus clones irrigated in a semi-arid environment. The experiment was conducted at the Center for International Reference for Agrometeorological Studies of Palma and other Forage Plants - Centro REF, Serra Talhada - PE, Brazil. The clones evaluated were: Mexican Elephant Ear (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.), African Elephant Ear (Opuntia undulata Griffiths), V19 (Opuntia larreri), Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck), IPA Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck) and F8 (Opuntia atropes), arranged in a randomized block design, with three replications, and the evaluations were performed at the clone level. Irrigation was based on 120% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), adopting the crop coefficient (Kc) of the forage cactus of 0.52. The irrigation system adopted was by drip, with water from artesian well, presenting average electrical conductivity of 1.6 dS m-1. During the experimental period, accumulated precipitation was 1214.5 mm and the total applied irrigation depth was equal to 532.76 mm, totaling 1747.22 mm. For performance analysis, we analyzed: phenology, clade area index, plant stand mortality and green matter and dry matter yield. The data were submitted to variance analysis and Scott-Knott test at the level of 5% probability. The clones OEM and OEA presented fresh matter yield (Y. MF) 3.22 times higher than the average of the other clones (V19, MIU, IPA and F8), for dry matter yield (Y. MS) the averages were 3.39 times higher. Clone F8 showed the highest percentage of plant stand mortality (96.30%). For IAC, there was no significant difference between clones. The number and duration of phenophases varied according to the morphological growth characteristics of each clone. The clones Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta) and Orelha de Elefante Africana (Opuntia undulata) presented the highest productive potential compared to the other clones, being the clones most recommended for cultivation in a semi-arid environment.Item Manejo de corte da palma forrageira: entendendo a dinâmica de crescimento e o efeito na eficiência de produção(2021-02-23) Santos, João Pedro Alves de Souza; Silva, Thieres George Freire da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0213450385240546; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5426749144869447Cultural practices such as cutting management can assist in the growth dynamics of forage species. The understanding of these techniques helps in the production of food in order to reduce the impacts resulting from climate changes. This study investigated the effect of palm management to understand the source-drain relationship and its influence on the growth dynamics and accumulation of biomass by the crop. The experiment was conducted at the “International Reference Center for Agrometeorological Studies of Palma and other Forage Plants”, located at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada Academic Unit, municipality of Serra Talhada. The Mexican Elephant Ear (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.) And the Girl (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck) clones were used. Planting was carried out in October 2018 with 1.25 x 0.2 m spacing, irrigation was carried out through the drip system with emitters spaced 0.20 m apart, flow of 1.51 L h-1 at a pressure of 1 atm. the water used had an electrical conductivity of 1.51 dS m-1. The irrigation depth was based on the percentage (120%) of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc), with ETc being the relationship between the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and the crop coefficient (Kc). The design used was randomized blocks, in a 2x2 factorial scheme: Mexican Elephant Ear and Baby, with and without the adoption of cut management (FONDREN), totaling four treatments, with four repetitions. After six months, the arrangement changed to 2x2x2, including the cutting intensities, applied to the two right rows of each plot. The cutting management was renewed in the plots with FONDREN, in the plots without the FONDREN management, a thinning was used, maintaining 1st order cladodes. Initially, management was applied based on the number of 2nd order cladodes (Plants with up to 3 2nd order cladodes, 1 cladode was removed; plants with 4 and 5 2nd order cladodes, 2 cladodes were removed). In the second phase, the cut was based on the number of branches (Plants with up to 3 branches, one was removed; plants with 4 and 5 branches were removed two). Biometric measurements, biomass sampling were collected to calculate growth rates and dry matter accumulation. The results indicated that the FONDREN management provided a high cladode emission rate for the two clones, the OEM clone has characteristics that result in high yield values in relation to the other forage palm clones, the cut management (FONDREN) cooperated in the maximization of the final yields of the OEM, resulting in the best values (p <0.05) of accumulation of fresh and dry matter. The FONDREN with the intensities of cuts, provided a high accumulation of dry matter between the moments of cuts. The clone Orelha de Elefante Mexicana when submitted to FONDREN management, shortened the period of the second phenophase (F2) by approximately 2 months, which suggests an anticipation of the ideal harvest time, and provided the best yields of fresh and dry matter when compared to the Miúda clone.Item Desempenho agronômico de clones de palma forrageira Submetidos a diferentes níveis de potássio(2019-02-14) Silva, Fábio Heráclito da; Leite, Maurício Luiz de Mello Vieira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4204641633941814; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1652940323753761Cactus forage can be used as a food alternative for ruminants in the Semi - arid region of Brazil, however, there are few researches related to potassic fertilization in the semi - arid environment and the morphological and productive responses of the cactus forage submitted to potassium fertilization. The objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance of forage palm clones submitted to different levels of potassium fertilization in a semi-arid environment. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco / UniversidadeEstadual de Serra Talhada- UAST, in Serra Talhada-PE, during the period from December 2017 to December 2018. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 5x2 factorial system ( five potassium levels and two palm clones) with three replicates. Two genotypes of forage palm, the Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.) And Docemiúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm. Dyck), were submitted to different doses of potassium (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 kg of K2O ha-1). Morphometric evaluations (plant height, cladode number, length, width and thickness of cladodium) and of green and dry matter production were performed at six months and at 12 months of cultivation. The variables, plant height at six and 12 months of age, did not showItem Impactos de lâminas, frequências e clones sobre a eficiência do uso dos recursos naturais pela palma forrageira(2020) Chagas, Rayles Mayara Moreira; Silva, Thieres George Freire da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0213450385240546; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8301458340642831As an alternative to mitigate the high water deficit in semiarid environments and, seeking better use of natural resources efficiently, the use of adapted crops such as forage cactus and the use of irrigation, becomes a promising alternative for the region. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of different frequencies and different irrigation deep, on the performance of the variables of efficiency in the use of natural resources, aiming to establish a relationship due to water availability on the conditions of the semiarid of Pernambuco. The experiment was conducted in Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil, in a randomized block design (DBC), in a factorial system, composed of two clones of forage palm Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) and Miúda (MIÚ), with five replicates each, four irrigation deep: 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 liters per pot; four irrigation frequencies: 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, plus rainfed conditions. The harvest was carried out to quantify the yields of treatments to calculate the efficiency indicators of the use of natural resources. The blade factor showed a decrease in water use efficiency, while the applied blade was increased, with its maximum application efficiency of 0.5 L, an inverse trend was observed for intercepted photosynthetically active radiation that had maximum efficiency when applied to 2.0 L blade, for the results of the efficiency of the use of radiation there was no significant difference (p>0.05). For the frequency factor, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) for the frequency of 21 days for the water use efficiency ratio, while for intercepted photosynthetically active radiation the increase in frequency decreases its efficiency, in the same way as the results for the frequency showed no difference between (p>0.05). For the clone factor, there is a significant effect, with emphasis on the uses of natural resources, the OEM clone. For the blade x frequency interaction, the best results were obtained for the efficiency in the use of water and for intercepted photosynthetically active radiation, while for the efficiency in the use of radiation, all interactions were the same. Regardless of the clone, irrigation frequencies between 14 and 21 days, in a water regime of 0.5 and 1.0 L, promote greater efficiency for the USA, RFAinter and EUR.Item Desempenho agronômico de pornunça submetida a duas alturas de corte e consorciada com clones de palma forrageira(2019) Moura, Geovane Alves de; Leite, Maurício Luiz de Mello Vieira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4204641633941814; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7520067862400742Item Desempenho agronômico de clones de palma forrageira em consórcio com pornunça(2019) Moura, Edvaldo Alves de; Leite, Maurício Luiz de Mello Vieira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4204641633941814; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2567485677684755Item Evapotranspiração e coeficiente de cultura da palma forrageira: análise comparativa de cultivos sem e com o uso de cobertura morta(2018) Alves, Hygor Kristoph Muniz Nunes; Silva, Thieres George Freire da; Jardim, Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9981205244282499; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0213450385240546; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4208743875293068Due to long periods of drought and the effects of climatic changes in the Brazilian semi-arid region, it is of great importance to use management that will circumvent these impacts in the rural environment. The use of plants tolerant to water deficit and the use of supplementary irrigation may be an alternative, where for good irrigation water management practice it is necessary to know the water requirement of the crop, evapotranspiration and the crop coefficient for conditions. Soil water balance is a technique that helps in the measurement of these components. Thus, the objective of this study is to quantify the evapotranspiration and the forage cactus cultivation coefficient in crops without and with the use of mulch in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Lauro Ramos Bezerra, belonging to the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco - IPA, municipality of Serra Talhada-PE, from November 2014 to November 2015. The clone used was Opuntiastricta, submitted to four slides of irrigation (25, 50, 75 and 100%) based on reference evapotranspiration plus rainfed condition, and two cropping systems (without and with mulch). The experimental design was arranged in randomized blocks, in the factorial arrangement 5x2, in four replications, where the slices represented the plots, and the cropping systems, the subplots. Over time the soil moisture was monitored. The water balance method was applied in 14-day intervals, totalizing 21 periods, which was composed of evapotranspiration (ET), precipitation (P), irrigation (I), runoff (R), vertical flow of water in the soil (Q) and variation of soil water storage (Δh). The components of the water balance were integrated and compared between the treatments within each period, applying them to the tests of normality and homoscedasticity, and once significant, the analysis of variance, if necessary, the Tukey test (5%). The irrigation events added to precipitation during the 21 periods was 764.76 mm, with the months between August and November 2015 presenting the highest values of ETo (6.18 mm). There was no difference in the components of the vertical flow of water in the soil, capillary ascension and deep drainage (CA and DP, in this order) when compared to the systems of cultivation without and with mulch over the soil. When the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was evaluated, a significant difference was observed only for periods 10, 18, 20 and 21. The ETc accumulated for both systems was -782.01 and -771.19 (SC and CC, in this order). The highest mean ETc value corresponded to periods 6 (10-Apr-2015) for the two SC and CC systems, with averages of (-5.06 and -4.75, respectively). For the crop coefficient (kc) only the periods 10,18, 20 and 21 were significant (p <0.05), the mean values of kc for the two systems were 0.57 and 0.56 (SC and CC, in this order). The use of mulching improved the conditions of forage cactus cultivation, although it did not present a difference in water consumption, providing close kc values.Item Adubação potássica em clones de palma forrageira(2019) Cirino Júnior, Baltazar; Leite, Maurício Luiz de Mello Vieira; Oliveira, Alexandre Campelo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8164135937542569; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4204641633941814; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4245406622322251The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of Nopalea cochenillifera clones under different levels of potassium. Cladodes of forage palm were selected and collected (in the middle third of the plant), which was three years old, in the UAST experimental area. These cladodes went through a healing period of 10 days. They were then placed in pots (larger diameter) = 24 cm (smaller diameter) = 17 and 23 cm deep), with a capacity of 7 kg of soil, presenting deep drains, covering the bottom of the vessel with gravel to facilitate drainage. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design in a 5x2 factorial scheme, using five levels of potassium (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 Kg.ha-1) and two forage palm clones (Giant Sweet and Sweet Child), with four replicates. Five biometric campaigns were carried out in August, September, October, November and December / 2018 to measure the plant height, length, width and thickness of cladodium, as well as the number of cladodes in order and totals . For the comparison test of means, only the data of the last campaign were used. The clones presented a similar response to potassium fertilization, presenting non significant results for fertilization levels. When comparing the two clones, there was no significant difference for all studied variables: plant height, number of cladodes, length, width and thickness of cladodes. Potassium fertilization does not influencethe morphological, productive and potassium parameters of plant tissues during the initial growth of the genus Nopalea. The software used was R-project version 3.5.0 and SigmaPlot 10.0.