TCC - Bacharelado em Agronomia (UAST)
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/2928
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Contribuição da condutância estomática de grupos funcionais de plantas lenhosas na condutância do dossel em vegetação de Caatinga(2022-05-23) Jesus, Angela Lucena Nascimento de; Lima, André Luiz Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3425654823765293; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3432981548836565The arboreal species of semiarid regions contribute in different ways to the cooling of the canopy, considering the diversity of species and functional groups of plants. Although the vegetation-atmosphere relationship is important from the point of view of climate change, studies evaluating the contribution of caatinga functional groups to the canopy conductance are still scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation of the stomatic conductance of different functional groups of plants with the conductance of the canopy in Caatinga vegetation. The work was carried out in an area of the Caatinga, located in Fazenda Buenos Aires, Serra Talhada- PE. Two species of high wood density (WMD) and two species of low wood density (WDL) were evaluated. The meteorological data were obtained from a micrometeorological station installed in the study area and the canopy conductance was calculated. The stomatic conductance, leaf temperature and hydrous potential of xylem were evaluated. Stem samples were collected and anatomical structures of the xylem were measured. Analysis of variance of repeated measures and Tukey test with p < 0.05 were performed. Functional groups contributed differently to the canopy conductance. There was a positive relation of the canopy conductance and stomatal conductance (0.761). In the initial rainy season, the canopy conductance was 0.003 m s-1 , with the largest contribution to the canopy conductance occurring by the WMD species (150 mmol m-2 s -1 ). In the rainy season the species' stomatal conductance increased for WMD (100 to 300 mmol m-2 s -1 ) and WDL (200 to 300 mmol m-2 s -1 ). The canopy conductance also increased during the rainy season (0.02 and 0.05 m s-1 ). The water potential was higher for WDL (-1.2 MPa) and lower in WMD (-2.5 MPa) species. The WMD species presented greater amount of xylem vessels (58 mm-2 ) and wall thickness (16 ), and smaller diameter of the lumen of the xylem vessels (140 ). The WDL presented thin wall (9 ) and smaller amount of vessels (5 mm-2 ). These results show that, WMD species have strategies that favor the canopy conductance, even in the dry season, while WDL are more conservative and contribute to the canopy conductance in the rainy season. This study clarifies the importance of functional diversity for maintaining water and environmental balance in semi-arid regions, such as the Caatinga.Item Avaliação de métodos de estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência para a região do vale do São Francisco(2019) Silva, Maiara Tatiane Lima; Souza, Luciana Sandra Bastos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1186468548787818; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8455026363821368Information related to reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is very important for irrigation management, especially in regions dependent on agriculture. To determine it several methods can be used, among which are the alternative methods, which are used of few data. This work hypothesized that new models for estimating evapotranspiration and those developed locally better represent ET0 of the Submedio São Francisco. In order to investigate the adequacy of historical and contemporary models for the estimation of ET0 and to develop a new method for its estimation in the region of the Vale do São Francisco. The work was carried out in Juazeiro, Ba, using data referring to a meteorological station belonging to EMBRAPA Semiarid, using data of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation and global solar radiation, for the year 2017 and 2018, and for validation of the poposed odel, data from 2016. The data were used in the determination of evapotranspiration using the Penman-Monteith methods and the alternative ones, subdivided into two groups: historical,those developed before theyear 2000with the methods of Hargreaves-Samani, Camargo, Jensen-Haise, Makkink, Solar radiation FAO 24 and Benevides-Lopes, and contemporary, developed afterthe year 2000, with Irmak, Castaneda-Rao, Moretti-Jerszurki-Silva, Silva-Souza, additionally, the information was used in the development of a simple model for ET0 estimation. This information was compared using the indices for which Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), coefficient of determination (r²) and Willmont's concordance index were considered. Based on these results, it was possible to observe that contemporary methods, with the exception of Moretti-Jerszurki-Silva, tended to reduce errors in the estimation of reference evapotranspiration.The most appropriate method to estimate ET0 was the FAO-24 Solar Radiation. The alternative model obtained in the present work was based only on temperature and humidity data and was classified as very good.Item Evapotranspiração e coeficiente de cultura da palma forrageira: análise comparativa de cultivos sem e com o uso de cobertura morta(2018) Alves, Hygor Kristoph Muniz Nunes; Silva, Thieres George Freire da; Jardim, Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9981205244282499; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0213450385240546; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4208743875293068Due to long periods of drought and the effects of climatic changes in the Brazilian semi-arid region, it is of great importance to use management that will circumvent these impacts in the rural environment. The use of plants tolerant to water deficit and the use of supplementary irrigation may be an alternative, where for good irrigation water management practice it is necessary to know the water requirement of the crop, evapotranspiration and the crop coefficient for conditions. Soil water balance is a technique that helps in the measurement of these components. Thus, the objective of this study is to quantify the evapotranspiration and the forage cactus cultivation coefficient in crops without and with the use of mulch in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Lauro Ramos Bezerra, belonging to the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco - IPA, municipality of Serra Talhada-PE, from November 2014 to November 2015. The clone used was Opuntiastricta, submitted to four slides of irrigation (25, 50, 75 and 100%) based on reference evapotranspiration plus rainfed condition, and two cropping systems (without and with mulch). The experimental design was arranged in randomized blocks, in the factorial arrangement 5x2, in four replications, where the slices represented the plots, and the cropping systems, the subplots. Over time the soil moisture was monitored. The water balance method was applied in 14-day intervals, totalizing 21 periods, which was composed of evapotranspiration (ET), precipitation (P), irrigation (I), runoff (R), vertical flow of water in the soil (Q) and variation of soil water storage (Δh). The components of the water balance were integrated and compared between the treatments within each period, applying them to the tests of normality and homoscedasticity, and once significant, the analysis of variance, if necessary, the Tukey test (5%). The irrigation events added to precipitation during the 21 periods was 764.76 mm, with the months between August and November 2015 presenting the highest values of ETo (6.18 mm). There was no difference in the components of the vertical flow of water in the soil, capillary ascension and deep drainage (CA and DP, in this order) when compared to the systems of cultivation without and with mulch over the soil. When the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was evaluated, a significant difference was observed only for periods 10, 18, 20 and 21. The ETc accumulated for both systems was -782.01 and -771.19 (SC and CC, in this order). The highest mean ETc value corresponded to periods 6 (10-Apr-2015) for the two SC and CC systems, with averages of (-5.06 and -4.75, respectively). For the crop coefficient (kc) only the periods 10,18, 20 and 21 were significant (p <0.05), the mean values of kc for the two systems were 0.57 and 0.56 (SC and CC, in this order). The use of mulching improved the conditions of forage cactus cultivation, although it did not present a difference in water consumption, providing close kc values.