Navegando por Assunto "Ruminantes - Alimentação e rações"

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Avaliação do comportamento social e alimentar de ovinos jovens, com e sem as matrizes
(2019) Freitas, Daniel Carlos da Silva; Ribeiro, Valéria Louro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2677739330576168; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5185887452546295
The objective of this study was to evaluate the social and feeding behavior of young sheep with and without the matrices. Eight male and female animals, three and fiverespectively, with no defined racial pattern (SPRD), with ages ranging from six to seven months of age, were used. Behavioral observations occurred for eight hours daily, from 6 am to 2 pm for three consecutive days, with a five-minute record, using a stopwatch. For the identification of the animals were used yarns for making necklaces with different colors (blue, dark blue, yellow, orange, green, white, silver and pink). The variables related to social behavior, vocalization, integration with the environment, jokes and fights; and feeding, feeding time, rumination time, standing leisure, lying leisure and water consumption were recorded in an etogram. During the days of observation, two observers write the records of the behavioral variables and the third (fixed during the days of observations), to identify and record the other social and food activities. It is concluded that the separation of young sheep from their matrices can modify the social and feeding behaviors of the animals. Among the results obtained the social variables as interaction with the environment and vocalization; (P> 0.0001), between the treatments (animals raised jointly (mother and offspring) and offspring separated from their mothers and put in an attached picket), probably due to climatic conditions and the environment, separation of the offspring from their mothers, formation of a new social organization, etc. However, some variables such as total rumination time and total leisure time, there was no significant difference between the treatments, probably due to the preference on the side of lying down or the position of limbs and trunks, selection capacity.
Caracterização da composição química e da digestibilidade in vitro de silagens de mucilagem do desfibramento do sisal, aditivadas ou não, em diferentes tempos de armazenamento
(2019-06-28) Galvão, Rennan Tavares Cordeiro; Guim, Adriana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5179137865818915; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0739887381555573
Cattle raising is one of the main activities in the Brazilian semi-arid region, but due to the climate marked by the great water restriction during most of the year this activity is a great challenge for the producers. The sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine) is a plant native to Mexico, which has adapted and is in good extension of the Brazilian northeast. It is mainly used for the extraction of the fiber in its leaves, but only 3% to 5% of the material is used for this purpose, so the use of the sisal defibration co-products, especially the mucilage, is an alternative feedingstuffs, including in the form of silage. Because it is a material with high humidity, the use of moisture-sequestering additives in silage promotes higher quality of the product. In this context, the objective was to characterize the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility (DIV) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of pure sisal defibration mucilage silages (SIL- MUDS) and corn bran (SIL-MUDS MI) and wheat bran (SIL-MUDS TRI) in different opening times. The experiment was carried out at the Animal Science Department of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. For the preparation of the silages the material was acquired in a sisaleira property located in the state of Paraíba, in the municipality of Barra de Santa Rosa. Wheat and Wheat Bran were obtained from agricultural products stores in the regional trade. The mixture was made in the proportion of 75 MUDS: 25 additive and silage was done manually in 12 polyethylene bottles with volume of 200 liters and 4 storage times (30, 60, 90 and 120 days). Analyzes for determination of the chemical composition were made according to Detmann et al. (2012) and the IVD following the principles proposed by Tilley and Terri (1963). For the chemical composition of the silages it was observed that the inclusion of the additives promoted a 93% increase in the DM content and 6% to 9% in the OM content in relation to SIL-MUDS. The NDF content of SIL-MUDS MI was 53% lower than SIL-MUDS and SIL-MUDS TRI was 16.9% higher than SIL-MUDS. For the storage times, there was a small percentage variation, except for the crude protein content (PB), where SIL-MUD MI and SIL-MUDS TRI presented increases of 41.78% and 18.30%, respectively, of the 30 at 120 days of storage. With regard to MS DIV, SIL-MUDS MI presented a 15% higher value than SIL-MUDS. While the DIV of MO was 12.8% higher in SIL-MUDS MI than in SIL-MUDS, and 22.1% lower in MUDS + TRI silage compared to MUDS silage. Thus, the inclusion of ground corn and wheat bran as additives for mucilage silage of the Sisal defibration promotes the maintenance of DM content and chemical composition of silage, as well as DIV of MS, OM and NDF.
Concentração de minerais na palma forrageira e suas implicações no metabolismo de ruminantes: revisão de literatura
(2018-08-22) Silva, Marisol Ramos da; Guim, Adriana; Silva, Tomás Guilherme Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3632014794052859; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5179137865818915; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1463080663779484
The forage palm is used in the feeding of ruminant animals, mainly in the regions that have low rainfall indexes, because it presents great adaptability to more arid climates and presents great amount of water in its composition, contributing significantly to the watering of the animals. However, this forage has other characteristics such as imbalance of minerals (Ca: P, for example), high concentrations of calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) and low concentrations of phosphorus (P) and sodium (Na) that signal the need for care in the mineralization of the herd. These imbalances can lead to problems in productive performance, reproductive health and health of ruminant animals that consume this fodder resource. Given the importance of knowledge of the mineral composition of foods to formulate suitable diets for ruminant animals the objective was to carry out a bibliographical survey on the role of minerals in ruminant feeding and the concentration of these in the forage palm.
Consumo de água e comportamento ingestivo de caprinos e ovinos submetidos a dietas a base de silagens de mucilagem de sisal, aditivadas ou não
(2019-01-16) Santana, Carolina Louise Nascimento de; Guim, Adriana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5179137865818915; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3950204773665511
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior and the water consumption of goats and sheep fed sisal mucilage silages (MUC), whether or not added or not. Four goats and four sheep, with no defined breed pattern, were employed, with permanent fistula in the rumen. The animals were kept in individual stalls and distributed in a 4x4 Latin square experimental design, in subdivided plot scheme so that the effect of the animal species was allocated in the plot and the treatments in the subplots. To study ingestive behavior, the animals were observed every ten minutes for 24h. The estimated water consumption was determined by the weight difference of the buckets before and after ingestion, taking into account the amount evaporated. There was no interaction (P> 0.05) between the treatments and the animal species for any of the studied variables. However, sheep presented higher (P <0.05) dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) consumption in relation to goats. Even dry matter intake (CMS) showed differences among species, feeding, rumination and leisure times did not present differences. However, when comparing caprine and ovine species, it was found that feed and rumination efficiency of both DM and NDF was higher for the ovine species. The highest intake of NDF for animals fed hay in the diet, regardless of the species, was higher than those that received the silage, especially for those fed with corn or wheat. This reflected lower (P <0.05) rumination time and higher (P <0.05) leisure time for the animals submitted to the diets containing the MUC silages. Considering the animal species effect, it was recorded that for goats the higher the NDF levels in the diet the greater the time spent with rumination, but with lower (P <0.05) rumination efficiency, the inverse behavior was recorded for sheep. There was interaction (P <0.05) between the effects of the treatments and the animal species for ingestion of water via food, via drinking fountain and for total water consumption. Sheep fed wheat MUC silage recorded higher total water consumption (P <0.05) than goats. The use of sisal mucilage silages, whether or not added, improves rumination efficiency and leads to increased voluntary water consumption by animals.
Degradabilidade ruminal do genótipo de capim-elefante Mott
(2019) Sobral, Gilberto de Carvalho; Souza, Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510969297765295; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7753384548343497
The objective of this study was to evaluate the disappearance of dry matter and estimate the potential and effective degradation of elephantgrass Mott genotype along different passage rates (2, 5 and 8% / hour) in sheep kept in the Caatinga area. The experiment was carried out in the UAST / UFRPE Ruminants Sector, with a duration of 20 days, 15 for adaptation and 5 for incubation. Three rumen-fistulated Santa Inês crossbred sheep with an average body weight of approximately 60 ± 2 kg were used. The diet consisted of elephantgrass, cottonseed, maize and mineral salt, with a ratio of 70:30. The material was collected, chopped and pre-dried at 55 ° C for 72 hours. Each set of bags was placed according to the incubation times (0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96h) and removed all at once to be washed in running water until the wash water if presented clean and then dried at 55 ° C for 72 hours bags were weighed and the dry matter disappearance determined. To evaluate the disappearance of the dry matter along the incubation times, a randomized complete block design was used in the subdivided plots scheme, so that the treatment effect (Mott genotype) was allocated in the plots and the incubation time in the rumen in the subplots. Data were analyzed by Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS, version 9.1). There was a significant difference (P <0.05) in relation to the disappearance of the dry matter of the Mott elephant genotype grass during the incubation period, reaching its disappearing potential at 72 hours after incubation, after which it stabilized up to 96 hours. In relation to the potential and effective degradability of the dry matter of the Mott elephant grass genotype as a function of the different passage rates (2% / h, 5% / h, 8% / h), there was a significant effect (P <0.05). Mott genotype elephantgrass presented a soluble fraction "a" (28.79%), potentially degradable fraction "b" (47.67%), fraction degradation (b) "c" (5.10%) and non-degradable fraction "ND" (23.54%). Mott elephant grass presents a high proportion of dry matter degradable and is recommended for the production of ruminants.
Implicações do uso de aditivos sobre as características fermentativas de silagens de mucilagem de sisal
(2019-01-16) Silva, Erick Alexandre Magalhães; Guim, Adriana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5179137865818915; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2162720356705857
The modernization of food processing provided an increase in production of agroindustrial residues, boosting the search for alternatives of proper disposal, such as their utilization as feedstuff for ruminants. Among these agroindustrial residues, there is mucilage resultant from sisal shredding. The inadequate disposal ofthis material can cause great environmental damage, justifying the present study, which intents to better use this residue. The ensilage appears as an alternative to conserve it, but due to the high humidity that the residue presents, it is suggested that they might be ensiled with additives aiming to increase dry matter content for success of the process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of storage time of silages on the chemical composition and microbiology in the ensilage process after silos opening. The experiment was carried out at the Animal Science Department of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (URFPE), Recife (PE). Forty-eight experimental silos were used, distributed in experimental treatments that consisted of: mucilage of sisal shredding (MUSS), MUSS silage with corn meal (MUDS-CB), MUSS silage with wheat meal (MUSS-WB), and MUSS silage with cottonseed meal (MUSS-CM). To evaluate the fermentation pattern, the silos were opened at 7, 14, 30 and 60 days post-ensiling. Samples were collected from both mixtures and ingredients separately from about 500 g of sisal mucilage silages at all opening times of the silos (7, 14, 30 and 60 days) and from material in natura (time 0). Bromatological analyzes were performed, as well as ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH 3) and determination of organic acids. There was an effect (P <0.05) of storage time on DM content when the additives were used (ground corn, wheat bran and cottonseed) compared to the control treatment (without additive). When analyzing the other variables (DM, pH, Organic acids), it was observed that the treatment MUSS with corn meal or MUSS with wheat meal were the most effective in the conservation of the residue in the silage form, being the decision of choosing one of the additives based on their market price.
Manejo nutricional em um sistema de produção de leite bovino em Minas Gerais
(2019-12-04) Oliveira, Thalita Barbosa de; Magalhães, André Luiz Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2621131411062422; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8941489921336261
Potencial para criação de lhamas (Lama glama) no semiárido brasileiro
(2022-10-06) Anjos, Marcelo Lopes dos; Souza, Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510969297765295; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3270165723105659
A criação de lhamas tem crescido e chega ao Brasil com um formato inovador, e voltado para o mercado pet. Este mercado é amplo e diversificado tanto no que se refere à variedade de espécies, quanto de insumos voltado para as mesmas. No Brasil existe um déficit de insumos voltado para a criação de lhamas e os criadores tem utilizado ração comercial formulada com base nas exigências nutricionais de cavalos. Diante disto, objetivou-se verificar o perfil bioquímico sanguíneo e os padrões comportamentais de Lhamas (Lama glama) criadas no semiárido brasileiro e desta forma, estabelecer o melhor nível de proteína bruta para formulação de suplementos. Foram utilizados cinco Lhamas fêmeas, adultas, com peso corporal médio inicial de 115.25 ± 6,90 kg. Os tratamentos apresentaram níveis de proteína bruta (PB) com 14, 18 e 28% e foram ofertados na proporção de 0,4% de acordo com o peso vivo dos animais, duas vezes ao dia, manhã e tarde, e no decorrer dos dias ficaram em pastagens compostas por capim buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris L.). As análises para determinação do perfil bioquímico foram realizadas através de kits comerciais das marcas Bioclin® e analisador semiautomático Bio-2000® . A posição e as atividades das Lhamas na área foram monitoradas por meio de coleiras com Global Positioning System (GPS). Foi utilizado o Change-over design com efeito simples, com três tratamentos (níveis de proteína), cinco animais e três períodos. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o Statistical Analysis System (SAS, versão 9.1). Houve efeito significativo (P<0,05) para os níveis de glicose, ureia, acido úrico, creatinina, colesterol, triglicerídeos e aspartato transaminase (AST). No entanto, os níveis de PB na dieta das Lhamas não alteraram os níveis plasmáticos de proteína total, albumina e alanina Aminotransferase (ALT), (P>0,05). Os diferentes níveis de proteína bruta no suplemento promoveram efeito significativo (P<0,05) no padrão comportamental das Lhamas, onde os animais que receberam o suplemento com 14% de PB apresentaram (P<0,05) maior comprimento cartográfico e maior densidade de Kernel. O suplemento com 18% PB é o mais indicado para Lhamas criadas no semiárido brasileiro, uma vez que, este promoveu o melhor perfil bioquímico sanguíneo sem comprometer os padrões comportamentais.
Relatório de Estágio Supervisionado Obrigatório
(2021-07-07) Souza, Felipe Gusmão de; Ferreira, Marcelo de Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4818123702136736; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8726088889461065
Relatório de Estágio Supervisionado Obrigatório
(2019-12-12) Santos, Caio Cesar Carneiro dos; Monnerat, João Paulo Ismério dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3851426263880079; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5344836037229833
Relatório do estágio supervisionado obrigatório: manejo de bovinos da raça Holandesa em sistema de confinamento em Ijaci - MG
(2019-12-05) Alves, Maíra Vilaça; Bispo, Safira Valença; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2541084650429493; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6749816437272309
Resíduo da indústria de doces em associação à Protenose® na alimentação de pequenos ruminantes fistulados: consumo e digestibilidade
(2019-01-18) Silva, Dijaina Ferreira da; Véras, Antonia Sherlânea Chaves; Almeida, Marina de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7584834665120683; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0074248045711399; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7458404797378748
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of residues from the candy industry in substitution of corn for the feeding of small ruminants, on consumption and apparent digestibility of dry matter and its components. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE). Four male sheep and four male goats were studied, castrated and fistulated in the rumen, with average initial body weight of 71.9 kg and 64.85 kg, respectively, distributed in two contemporary 4x4 Latin squares. The experiment had a duration of 76 days, with four periods of 19 days each, being 12 days for adaptation to the experimental conditions and 7 days for data collection and sampling. The experimental diets were composed by Tifton 85 hay as forage; grounded corn, soybean bran, residues from the industries of candy, gum, powdered juice and derivatives in combination with corn gluten (Protenose ®) and mineral blend, as concentrated. The treatments consisted of inclusion of residues from the candy industry at levels of 0, 33, 66 and 100%. The variables were evaluated by analysis of variance and regression, using PROC MIXED and PROC REG of the SAS. Consumption of dry matter (DM), mineral matter (MM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total carbohydrates (TCHO) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were not influenced (P> 0.05) by the inclusion levels of residues from the candy factory in the diet, presenting averages of 874.89, 59.280, 815.61, 113.49, 345.20, 685.21 and 660.51g/day, respectively. In contrast, there was a significant effect on ethereal extract (EE) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (CNF) intake. The intake of EE was influenced (P <0.05) by dietary treatments, decreasing linearly as the sweet residue content increased. There was a quadratic effect on CNF intake as corn substitution was performed. Increasing levels of candy residues in the diets of small ruminants did not have an effect on the apparent digestibility of DM, OM, NDF and TCHO, with average values of 782.8, 792.2, 650.9 and 795.3g/kg, respectively. However, they favored an increasing linear effect on the apparent digestibility of CP and CNF and a linear decreasing effect on the apparent EE digestibility. Residues from the candy industry in association with Protenose® may replace up to 100% based on the dry matter of the diet of small ruminants, without adversely affecting the intake and apparent digestibility of the nutrients.
Utilização da Furcraea foetida (L.) HAW na alimentação de ruminantes em Vertente do Lério - PE e caracterização químico - bromatológica
(2019-01-22) Nascimento, Daniel Bezerra do; Magalhães, André Luiz Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2621131411062422; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3924251043370854
The objective of this study was to characterize a species of Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw as form of ruminant feeding in the city of Vertente do Lério-PE, as well as characterizing its chemical-bromatological aspects, carbohydrate fractionation, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, and in vitro gas production. The characterization of the form of use was carried out through a questionnaire applied as an interview in 92 properties of 10 villages in the city of Vertente do Lério-PE. Chemical-bromatological analyzes and in vitro tests were performed at the Animal Nutrition Laboratory (LANA) of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns Academic Unit (UFRPE / UAG). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design; it was a genre of Furcraea and three phenological stages (young, intermediary and mature). Dry matter was analyzed; mineral matter; organic matter; neutral detergent fiber; fiber in acid detergent; crude protein; lignin acid detergent; ethereal extract; in vitro dry matter digestibility, and cellulose, hemicellulose values and carbohydrate fractionation. Furcraea foetida has been used for more than 50 years in the town of Vertente do Lério-PE and there have never been reports of intoxication, abortions or other occurrences due to its use in ruminant feeding, offered to all age groups of animals, where its use comes from popular knowledge of the inhabitants of the region. In the chemical bromatological characterization, a difference (P< 0,05) was observed between the stages for the contents of ethereal extract and cellulose, obtaining a higher cocncentration of these compounds for the mature stage. The non-fibrous carbohydrate concentrations were higher than the fibrous carbohydrate concentration at al phenological stages, obtaining a mean of (566.5/kg MS). The high concentrations of non-fibrous carbohydrate influenced the kinetics of gas productions in vitro, demonstrating a bigger availability of nutrientsin the rumen. For in vitro dry matter digestibility parameters, no difference (P< 0,05) was observed between the phonophases, in which the values found were high. Above 89% wich can be explained due to the higher non-fibrous carbohydrates concentration and lower amount of lig of lignin found. In view of the results obtained, Furcraea foetida is characterized as a plant that conserves its nutrients in the different phenological stages evaluated, a positive factor for the production of ruminants.