Navegando por Assunto "Degradação ambiental"

Agora exibindo 1 - 9 de 9

Análise de degradação ambiental na bacia do Rio Moxotó através de imagens de satélite
(2023-04-19) Aires, Giovanna da Cunha; Nascimento, Cristina Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9289129949520610; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1000446236815556
The disorderly exploitation of natural resources. the inappropriate use of soil and irrational deforestation has been causing numerous environmental problems, which leads to environmental degradation, with that remote sensing has been gaining space through environmental monitoring in space and time with efficiency and at low cost, allowing planning and decision-making for sustainable use of natural resources. In view of this, the objective was to analyze, through a time series of LANDSAT satellite images, spaced at intervals of five years, the environmental degradation suffered in the Moxot6 River Basin. The climate analysis was based on a monthly series of twenty-one years of data (2000-2021), using the Quantile technique. The satellite images analyzed were from MapBiomas and processed in QGIS software. The change detection analysis was also carried out through the difference image, resulting from techniques based on the observation of the pixels and the change that occurred with them over time. With this, it was observed that the rainy season in the Moxoto River Basin lasts four months, from January to April, representing about 72% of the annual rainfall and presenting an average of total annual precipitation of 482.65mm. Through the analysis of land use and cover, it was possible to verify the growth of agriculture in the basin, through the classes of temporary crops, with a growth of 97.13% between the years 2005 and 2021, and the classes of perennial crops and areas of pasture, with growth between 2000 and 2021 of 97.64% and 5.35% respectively. The savanna vegetation is the most extensive in the basin, however the areas of forest formation are a minority in the basin, thus having a low presence of dense vegetation. Regarding the degradation of the Moxot6 River Basin, there was a decrease of 98.74% from the year 2000 to 2019, with the municipalities most affected by the degradation being Ibimirim-PE, Inaji-PE, Custodia-PE, Math Grande-AL, Piraconha- AL and Delmiro Gouveia-AL. The regeneration classes showed an increase of 32.63% from 2000 to 2019. Through the difference image analysis, it was also possible to verify permanence of recovered areas, however the transition from degraded to recovered areas was lower than expected. With that, remote sensing through LANDSAT satellite images, enabled the classification and analysis of land use classes, from the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2021, as well as the analysis of degraded and recovered areas from the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2019 satisfactorily so that it is possible to carry out adequate monitoring of the transformations undergone by the Moxoto River basin. With the studies, the need for environmental recovery projects in the basin was verified, in addition to constant monitoring to assist in public policies for this region.
Avaliação de impacto ambiental (A.I.A.) da nascente do Bom Pastor UFRPE - UAG
(2018-08-15) Torres, Karlla Grazielle Bernado; Dill, Paulo Roberto Jaques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4253323933047125; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2806685764906203
The environmental impact Assessment (E.I.A.) is one of the instruments of the National Environment Policy (PNMA), introduced in Brazilian by Law n º 6.938/1981, and is composed of several stages that intend to ensure an assessment of the possible impacts in a particular activity or undertaking can generate, in addition, contributes to future decision-making for activities with potentially polluting/degrading the environment. This monograph aims to evaluate the environmental impacts in the sources of the stream of “Bom Pastor”, located in Garanhuns – Pernambuco, quantifying them according to the methodology of the matrix of interactions proposed by Leopold and adapted by Rocha (1997) and so recommend mitigating and compensatory measures. In this, 108 crosses were made between the proposed actions and the environmental factors, where banknotes from 1 to 10 were attributed to magnitude and importance. The quantified environmental factors were physical and chemical characteristics of the earth, physical and chemical characteristics of the water, physical and chemical characteristics of the atmosphere, physical and chemical characteristics of the processes, biological conditions of the flora, biological conditions of the fauna, cultural factors uses of the territory, recreational cultural factors, aesthetic cultural factors and human interest, cultural factors: cultural level, cultural factors: services and infrastructure and ecological relations. The factor with the highest degree of deterioration found was "aesthetic cultural factors and human interest" presenting values of 38.90% of Magnitude and 59.72% of importance. The level of deterioration of the spring is 37.99%. From that value, mitigatórias and compensatory measures were recommended in order to seek improvements.
Degradabilidade ruminal do genótipo de capim-elefante Mott
(2019) Sobral, Gilberto de Carvalho; Souza, Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510969297765295; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7753384548343497
The objective of this study was to evaluate the disappearance of dry matter and estimate the potential and effective degradation of elephantgrass Mott genotype along different passage rates (2, 5 and 8% / hour) in sheep kept in the Caatinga area. The experiment was carried out in the UAST / UFRPE Ruminants Sector, with a duration of 20 days, 15 for adaptation and 5 for incubation. Three rumen-fistulated Santa Inês crossbred sheep with an average body weight of approximately 60 ± 2 kg were used. The diet consisted of elephantgrass, cottonseed, maize and mineral salt, with a ratio of 70:30. The material was collected, chopped and pre-dried at 55 ° C for 72 hours. Each set of bags was placed according to the incubation times (0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96h) and removed all at once to be washed in running water until the wash water if presented clean and then dried at 55 ° C for 72 hours bags were weighed and the dry matter disappearance determined. To evaluate the disappearance of the dry matter along the incubation times, a randomized complete block design was used in the subdivided plots scheme, so that the treatment effect (Mott genotype) was allocated in the plots and the incubation time in the rumen in the subplots. Data were analyzed by Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS, version 9.1). There was a significant difference (P <0.05) in relation to the disappearance of the dry matter of the Mott elephant genotype grass during the incubation period, reaching its disappearing potential at 72 hours after incubation, after which it stabilized up to 96 hours. In relation to the potential and effective degradability of the dry matter of the Mott elephant grass genotype as a function of the different passage rates (2% / h, 5% / h, 8% / h), there was a significant effect (P <0.05). Mott genotype elephantgrass presented a soluble fraction "a" (28.79%), potentially degradable fraction "b" (47.67%), fraction degradation (b) "c" (5.10%) and non-degradable fraction "ND" (23.54%). Mott elephant grass presents a high proportion of dry matter degradable and is recommended for the production of ruminants.
Dinâmica espaço-temporal da cobertura vegetal, das queimadas e da expansão da bovinocultura na bacia leiteira do estado de Pernambuco usando Landsat-8 e MapBiomas
(2022-12-12) Melo, Maria Vitória Neves de; Almeida, Gledson Luiz Pontes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2328849810614673; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8193771315370090
The semi-arid is responsible for about 58% of the effective herd in the Brazilian Northeast region (NEB), however, there are local and meteorological factors that limit the semi-arid region. The objective was to evaluate the space-time dynamics of vegetation cover through the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and Pasture Plant Coefficient (CVP) via Landsat-8/OLI images processed in the cloud on Google Earth Engine (GEE), measuring the scenarios of burned areas and characterizing the expansion of cattle farming in the dairy basin in the state of Pernambuco through land use and cover (LULC) and its impacts on the Caatinga Biome. The study region comprises the 23 municipalities that produce the most milk in the state, between 2016 and 2021, divided into dry and rainy seasons. The Vegetation Indexes were processed in the GEE and the spatialization of the rain was made through the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CRHIRPS) and both data were submitted to descriptive statistics. LULC thematic maps and burned areas were processed in QGIS software. Thus, it was observed that in the dry and rainy period from 2016 to 2020, there was average precipitation of 77.98 mm and 331.19 mm, respectively. In the rainy season of 2016, less precipitation was observed when compared to the other years of the study, as it was the period that was influenced by the great droughts that preceded the year in question. As for the vegetation indices in the dry period, the SAVI presented lower spectral responses throughout the study period, as a result of low precipitation in the region and the rainy season with high biomass activity with values above 0.78. The SAVI and CVP showed medium to high variability. The burned areas showed that anthropic activities in some sectors of the basin caused the change in the LULC, resulting in degradation processes, even in regions with greater precipitation. Therefore, it is concluded that the analysis of the products CHIRPS, SAVI, CVP associated with the descriptive statistics and the maps of the LULC and burned area, was efficient for the space-time characterization of the expansion of cattle farming in the dairy basin of the state of Pernambuco throughout the study period.
Maquete temática: deterioração dos recursos hídricos
(2019-02-14) Moraes, Guilherme Souza de; Dill, Paulo Roberto Jaques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4253323933047125; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0640280937337680
The lack of basic sanitation is one of the worst infrastructural problems in Brazil. Practically half of the population does not have access to basic sanitation of any type. Every person may feel impaired, but some figures show inequalities: children are the most affected in terms of mortality; the regions North and Northeast have the worst coverage index; rural population is the most neglected. Rivers, shores and streets are frequent destinations of the waste water. The majority of sewage systems pollutes the environment, however this pollution is not easily observable since sewage goes subterraneous, to groundwater. Groundwater supplies rivers and reservoirs. Then, water quality of a spring can influence water quality of reservoirs. At the same time, there are solutions that can be implemented in rural areas to the treatment of sewage. One of the solutions is the model denominated “Tratamento de Efluentes Caseiros” (literally translated as “Homemade Effluent Treatment”), developed by Rocha (2001), which is a type of ecological sanitation. In this system, human dejects are fermented and mineralized, and plants absorb minerals and water. However, for implementing this technology, rural population needs to know it and understand its importance, what Environmental Education, or Rural Extension can help. The present work objected developing a thematic scale model that could help students to understand that technology operation, comparing it with a rudimentary sewage system (pit latrine). A thematic scale model reproduced those two designs, and obtained high perception from students about the final difference of water quality. Therefore, the thematic model scale can be utilized in classes of Environmental Education to approach contamination of water resources through sanitary sewage system.
Modificação do uso da terra e seus impactos sobre o fósforo e carbono orgânico do solo no semiárido de Pernambuco
(2021-11-26) Silva, Luiz Filipe dos Santos; Pessoa, Luiz Guilherme Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1540664578909440; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5391115086399833
In the Pajeú sertão, a semiarid region of Pernambuco, the deforested areas of caatinga are intensively used for agricultural cultivation until they deplete soil nutrients such as phosphorus and carbon. until exhausted, and after intensive use of the soil, these areas are abandoned and/or used for grazing animals. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the dynamics of phosphorus and soil organic carbon under different conditions of land use, in the semiarid region of Pernambuco. Samples were taken in layers of 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 cm of soil under different land use situations: degraded pasture, regenerating caatinga and preserved caatinga. To characterize the chemical attributes of the soils, pH in water (1:2.5), exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ ) were analyzed, in addition to available phosphorus and organic carbon. The evaluations showed a decrease in the phosphorus content of the surface layer, which was due to the processes of soil degradation generating a lack of nutrients, and the phosphorus content is being made available in the soil as there is a decrease in the levels of Na+ , Mg2+, pH and CTC. Therefore, the degradation of the area and land use without proper management provided an increase in Ca2+ and Mg2+, interfering with the availability of organic carbon, with a high CTC in the three areas. The pH and sodium showed a negative correlation, thus showing an increase in organic carbon as the area is preserved and a decrease with degradation. So, we warn that inadequate soil management can contribute to the loss of important nutrients to the soil such as phosphorus making it unavailable to plants and organic carbon, so it is important to emphasize that many years are needed for the recovery of phosphorus and organic carbon contents, this highlights the importance of preserving native vegetation in the semiarid region of Pernambuco and other northeastern states that belong to the caatinga biome.
Mudança de uso e cobertura da terra: variáveis socioeconômicos como fator de alteração do bioma Caatinga em Petrolina - PE
(2025-03-13) Lira, Fernanda Pereira de; Ferreira, Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo; Silva, Emanuel Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2765651276275384; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8002371435811689; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4949043992606162
A Caatinga desempenha um papel essencial na manutenção da biodiversidade e nos serviços ecossistêmicos da região semiárida. No entanto, as atividades antrópicas, impulsionadas pelo crescimento populacional e pelo desenvolvimento socioeconômico, têm causado significativas mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra, resultando em degradação ambiental e impactos sobre a vegetação nativa. Neste estudo, objetivou-se analisar a influência das variáveis socioeconômicas e agropecuárias na dinâmica territorial do município de Petrolina - PE, nos anos de 2014 e 2024. Para tal, foi utilizado imagens do satélite LANDSAT 8, sensor OLI (Operational Land Imager), adquiridas gratuitamente na página do United States Geological Survey, selecionada com critérios de mínima interferência de nuvens, com faixa de cobertura menor que 5% e resolução espacial de 30 m. Foram utilizadas imagens da órbita 217 e ponto 66 e classificadas pelo algoritmo Random Forest no software QGIS. A acurácia geral da classificação obtida para o ano de 2014 foi de 89,3% e o índice de Kappa de 0,80, enquanto, a acurácia geral da classificação para o ano de 2024 foi de 97,76% e o Índice de Kappa de 0,9599, resultado satisfatórios para comprovar a confiabilidade e qualidade da classificação. Foram identificadas transformações significativas no uso da terra, com a redução de áreas de vegetação e pastagens, aumento do solo exposto e expansão da área urbana. No estudo, demonstrou-se que a pecuária, a expansão urbana, o crescimento populacional e a extração vegetal exercem forte pressão sobre a paisagem da região, contribuindo para processos de degradação ambiental. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de políticas públicas e práticas sustentáveis voltadas para o manejo adequado dos recursos naturais e a mitigação dos impactos ambientais na Caatinga.
Relatório de Estágio Supervisionado Obrigatório. Avaliação da mudança de paisagem nos municípios de Amaraji (PE) e Chã-Grande (PE) durante os anos (1985 - 2020) utilizando dados do Projeto MapBiomas
(2024-10-11) Pedrosa, Hugo Bandeira D’Arolla; Nascimento, Cristina Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9289129949520610; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4470288990031188
Sensoriamento remoto aplicado ao estudo de mudanças ambientais no Nordeste do Brasil
(2021) Rufino, Braynner Andrade; Moura, Geber Barbosa de Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5290189594470508; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6532123398345334
Degradation of cultivable areas is a problem that has been getting worse in the Brazil Northeast. Remote sensing stands out as an important tool for its monitoring, through the analysis of Vegetative Indices (VIs). Therefore, the present work aims to use the Google Earth Engine tool in the manipulation of scripts, to obtain the biophysical parameters and maps of the VIs (NDVI, EVI, SAVI, NDWI) in the period from 2000 to 2020 and years of El-Niño and La-Niña. MODIS products facilitate the process for data collection in ideal conditions where the collected values will be of greater relevance. The relationship between the spectra of the bands generates the Vegetative Indices in time and space required with accurate evaluation, and in the future these data obtained can be used as a basis for agriculture, fishing, reforestation activities or monitoring the progress of degraded areas.