Navegando por Assunto "Águas residuais - Purificação"

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Concepção e instalação de pré tratamento simplificado de esgoto doméstico no semiárido de Pernambuco
(2018) Silva, Aureliana Greice Oliveira da; Montenegro, Abelardo Antônio de Assunção; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7947714302950574; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5247521278052200
Estudo dos coagulantes naturais Cereus jamacaru, Opuntia ficus-indica e Pilosocereus gounellei como pré-tratamento para desinfecção solar
(2019) Sousa, Karina Michely Leite de; Lima, Marcelo Batista de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2424699316257149; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0109616249430654
Natural coagulants are used as an alternative to a viable water treatment, targeting populations that do not have access to treated water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the coagulant capacity of Cereus jamacaru (mandacaru), Opuntia ficus-indica (palm) and Pilosocereus gounellei (xiquexique) cacti as a pretreatment for disinfection by solar radiation. Acid extracts were prepared with 0.10 mol L-1 HCl of each cactus, using the viscous (pulp) and others with the dry matter coming from the bark, all in the proportion of 2.00 g of cactus to 3.00 mL of extraction solution. Ca (OH) 2 0.10 mol L-1 was used as the alkalizing agent. Nine tests of coagulation and flocculation were performed in Jar Test with the operating conditions as fast mixing speed of 150 rpm and fast mixing time of 60 s, slow mixing speed of 45 rpm, slow mixing time of 900 if sedimentation time 15 min along with the turbidity, color and pH parameters. The raw water samples used in the coagulation and flocculation tests presented high turbidity and color parameters. The tests performed with the extracts prepared with the dry matter did not show coagulant efficiency, on the other hand those that were used the extracts prepared with the pulp of the three cacti demonstrated good coagulant action obtaining, in the best test, the turbidity and color removals with the 98% and 92% mandacaru extract, 98% and 96% palm and 98% and 96% xiquexique. After the pre-treatment, disinfection by solar radiation was carried out, where the filtered and unfiltered samples were added in PET bottles with a capacity of 2.0 L and subjected to sun exposure for a period of 6 hours. The results obtained for the coagulation and flocculation pretreatment samples were negative for the presence of total coliforms, and no samples were positive for Escherichia coli. In this way, it can be affirmed that the cacti present themselves as great potential natural coagulants to be used as occasional pretreatment of real turbid waters for subsequent solar disinfection, since after the treatment all the evaluated parameters have met the established by the Brazilian legislation for drinking water.
Monitoramento de ETE e avaliação da tratabilidade anaeróbia do efluente de uma indústria de bebidas
(2018-08-22) Silva, Lucas Romeiro da; Santos, André Felipe de Melo Sales; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2607034933775460; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600486453546375
Water is a resource largely used by the process of food production from farming to final consumer's table. However, rapid population growth and an increase in the consumption pattern of society in last decades increased the consumption of foods that require a lot of water for their production, accentuating the problems related to effluents generation. The beverage industries stand out in this sense, being considered the industry with greater levels of water extraction in the food and drinking industry. The effluents generated by this sector have, in general, high concentration of organic matter from the productive processes, which gives a high aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability to this effluent. Considering this scenario, this work aimed to evaluate the historical data of the monitoring of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) of a beverage industry, as well as to evaluate the anaerobic treatability of the actual effluent of a beverage industry using an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor. For this, a field research was conducted in a beverage industry in order to characterize its production process and sources of generation of effluents. The evaluation of the monitoring of the WTP occurred through the analysis of the data of five years of monitoring provided by the beverage industry studied, and the parameters of COD, BOD, pH, temperature, SSS, SST and oils and greases were evaluated in relation to the legislation applicable. The anaerobic treatability was evaluated by the construction of an experimental system consisting of a UASB reactor used to treat the actual effluent from the beverage industry for 20 days. Statistical analyzes, graphs (Boxplot and dispersion) and tables were elaborated with the help of the EXCEL® program. The field research carried out verified the presence of bioactive compounds in the effluent produced by the beverage industry obtained from the production of alcoholic beverages of ginger and jurubeba. The evaluation of the WTP monitoring showed that the aerobic technology used at the station was correctly chosen, presenting average organic matter removal efficiency of 84.20% BOD and 73.20% COD, with the production of effluents in specification with the applicable laws. The anaerobic treatability of the effluent was not feasible due to the presence of antibiotic and recalcitrant compounds present in the effluents from the liquor production processes of Jurubeba and Ginger, with an average removal of 16.38% of COD during the process.
Tratamento de águas residuais em uma indústria de envase de refrigerante e água mineral utilizando sulfato de alumínio com sistema de homogeneização adaptado
(2024-10-01) Souza, Robson Severino de; Gomes, Maria José de Filgueiras; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0060810526769648
It is well known that with the increased consumption of beverages such as soft drinks, juices, among others, there is an increase in the production of effluents. The lack of treatment of these effluents generates major environmental, social and economic impacts. The effluents generated by soft drinks, predominantly made up of sugars, juices, colorants, extracts and organic acids, have a high organic load, which increases the values of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which are potential polluters of receiving bodies such as rivers and lakes. The aim of this work was to improve the conditions of effluents treated by acti-vated sludge, aligning biological and physical-chemical treatment, in a soft drink and mineral water industry, using aluminium sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) as a coagulant and a system adapted for homogenization and pH correction. In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that only use activated sludge as a form of treatment, (Al2(SO4)3) can be an ally in improving the conditions of effluent that has already undergone activated sludge treatment. However, the use of aluminium sulphate requires a homogenization system to mix it with the effluent and to correct the pH. The methodology of this work is based on using this coagulant to improve the final effluent, adapting a recirculation system that homogenizes the inorganic coagu-lant with sodium hydroxide to correct the pH. The system works by sucking the effluent from the bottom of the decanter and discharging it over itself, ensuring a complete mixture between the coagulant, the sodium hydroxide and the effluent. Laboratory tests were carried out to determine the correct concentration of the coagulant, using turbidity and COD analyses. The BOD5 analysis, which is the analysis of BOD over a period of five days, was only carried out at the time of the field test, taking a sample before and after the coagulation process in the decanter tank. The results obtained using 10mL of coagulant (20g/L) for each liter of effluent showed a good reduction in the COD turbidity of the effluent already treated by activated sludge. With the addition of the coagulant to the samples, followed by correction of the pH to 7, there was a reduction in turbidity from 362 turbidity units (UT) to 41UT. In the COD analysis, there was a reduction from 326mg/L ofdissolved O2 to 81mg/L. There was also a significant reduction in the results of the BOD analysis of the effluent treated in the decanter itself, from 354.6mg/L ofO2 to 183.6mg/L. These results showed that both the addition of the coagulant and the adapted homogenization system were effective in reducing the parameters analyzed (turbidity, COD and BOD). The volume of sludge decanted by coagulation in 10 minutes also proved to be very low and this results in faster disposal, making the whole process more agile and ruling out the need to use a flocculant.