01.2 - Especialização (Sede)
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/1623
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Item Importância da brucelose bovina como zoonose(2017) Conceição, Ângela Imperiano da; Coutinho, Luiz Teles; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8812254003382110; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1070464788087640The aimof this work is to do a literature review about bovine brucellosis ,emphasizing its close relationship with public health, because of its zoonotic condition, added to economic importance for livestock. This is a chronic infectious contagious anthropozoonosis, caused by bacteria is genre Brucellaspp., composed by nine different species, each one affecting with higher frequency a specific host. In humans,it can becaused by four of these species(Brucellaabortus,B.melitensis,B.suisandB.canis),while cattle and buffaloes are susceptible to B.suis, B. melitensisandB. abortus, being the last one the etiologic agent of bovine brucellosis, main responsible for the sanitary and economic implications in the country. The main sources of infection for animals are the pregnant females infected, fetuses and aborted fetal remains, and contaminated milk and semen.Forhumans, direct contact with secretions of infected animals, inhalation of aerosols, accidental self-inoculation with live vaccines and the ingestion of contaminated and poorly processed milk,meat and their by products represent the most common sourcesofdiseasecontagion. Becauseof its epidemiological, sanitary and economic importance with, even, restrictions to the international trade of animals and products of animal origin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply released in 2001 the National Program of Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis – PNCEBT. The purpose of this program is to reduce the negative impact of the zoonosis in the human and anima lhealth,since the risk factor for human brucellosis is the primary occurrence in animals; in addition to promoting the development and competitiveness of national livestock.Item Principais aspectos da toxoplasmose em humanos e em pequenos ruminantes e sua importância para saúde pública(2018) Silva, Táyrlla Polessa Rodrigues; Souto, Rodolfo José Cavalcanti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4263478911176230; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0793561225545620Toxoplasmosis is a disease of worldwide distribution, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, identified with one of the main zoonosis in the present time. Epidemiological studies indicate a high seroprevalence of the disease in the world population, being considered a third of the seropositive population, besides a wide distribution in the animals of production and company. It has a facultative heterotoxic life cycle, with two types of host, the definitive where the sexual phase of reproduction occurs and the intermediates, where the asexual phase occurs. The protozoan has three infecting forms: the tachyzoites, the bradyzoites and the sporozoites (oocysts). Humans can become infected through the ingestion of oocysts that are eliminated in the feces of infected felines, ingestion of raw or undercooked meat, mainly of swine and lambs containing tissue cysts, by ingestion of milk and contaminated products by the congenital form, by blood transfusion and organ transplants. In animals, the most common form of infection is through ingestion of oocysts that contaminate water, food and pasture, in addition to the congenital form. In immunocompetent humans, the disease usually presents asymptomatically, but it can cause severe clinical conditions in immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, newborns, and is a relevant occupational disease for veterinarians, butchers, butchers and others. In small ruminants, the disease is often asymptomatic, but causes serious economic damage to the reproductive environment, leading to embryonic losses, abortions and births of weak fetuses. Prevention is the most effective means of combating the disease in both humans and animals. As the population in general does not have consistent information about the disease, the mode of transmission and the main forms of prevention and control, it is necessary to have orientation work involving the various professionals inserted in the context of public health, assuming a fundamental role to play of the Veterinarian, in the awareness about the importance of the disease and how to prevent it.Item Criptosporidiose em ruminantes e sua importância em saúde pública(2018) Macedo, Darlan Rodrigues; Cajueiro, Jobson Filipe de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1163226949462180; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8208793638612108Cryptosporidiosis is an important disease in cattle breeding, calves up to 30 days of age being the most susceptible category. The etiological agents are protozoans of the genus Cryptosporidium, which complete their cycle in respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal epithelial cells of birds, reptiles and mammals including man. The route of infection is fecal-oral. The infection occurs after ingestion of food and water contaminated with sporulated oocysts, which contain sporozoites inside. Production animals mainly calves are the main sources of environmental contamination and therefore an important risk factor for other animals and man. The clinical manifestation of the disease is due to the lesions in the gastrointestinal tract that occur through the rupture of enterocytes with persistent and watery diarrhea. Diarrhea is the main cause of death in calves up to 30 days old, being one of the main agents Criptosporidium sp. Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution, with children between the ages of 1 and 5 years, adults being transplanted and immunocompromised individuals, high risk groups, where this enteroparasite can cause severe enteritis and may lead to death. However, immunocompetent adults may present with diarrheal episodes. Diarrhea is the main cause of death in calves up to 30 days old, being one of the main agents Criptosporidium sp. Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution, being children from 1 to 5 years of age, transplanted adults and immunocompromised individuals, high risk groups, in which this enteroparasite can cause serious enteritis and may lead to death. However, immunocompetent adults may present with diarrheal episodes. Risk factors include contact with sick animals or carriers, together with lack of adequate hygiene habits and basic sanitation. Prophylaxis consists of vaccination of pregnant cows, the use of some drugs that help prevent diarrhea, as well as reduce the amount of oocysts removed in the faeces, correct administration of colostrum and, in cases of sick animals, supportive therapy for the reestablishment of the hydroeletrilic balance and basic acid. Other factors such as parasite resistance in the environment and disinfectants, lack of knowledge by health professionals about epidemiology and diagnostic methods, and ineffective treatment make it a major public health problem in the world.Item Resíduos de antimicrobianos no leite e sua importância para a saúde pública(2018) Leite Júnior, Nitalmo; Mendonça, Carla Lopes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3128979736085796; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6476986476934876Food and nutrition security is the realization of the right of everyone to regular and permanent access to quality food in sufficient quantity and without compromising access to other essential needs, including health promotion and quality assurance biological, health, nutritional and technological aspects of food. Some of the actions aimed at ensuring food safety are concerned with the control of residual remnants in food. The presence of antimicrobial residues in drinking milk is a cause for great concern, since in addition to causing economic losses by interfering in the production of dairy products, it poses risk to consumer health, which may predispose to allergic reactions, genotoxic and carcinogenic responses, and favor the emergence of resistant bacteria. In order to draw attention to this theme, the objective of this work is to carry out a review of the literature on antimicrobial residues in milk intended for human consumption and its implications for public health. For this purpose, databases, books, public entities' websites, specialized legislation, as well as informational and journalistic material regarding the subject matter were consulted. Based on the literature consulted, the presence of antimicrobial residues in milk is an important public health problem, because although there are government control and inspection programs, as well as supporting legislation, several studies carried out in several brazilian states, including in Pernambuco, have detected the presence of this type of contamination, reaching levels beyond the limits established in the specific standards. It is necessary that this topic be approached as a State policy, with broad actions encompassing different spheres and with due attention to the control and inspection programs, in addition, producers should be oriented about the risks that are involved, as well as the preventive strategies Veterinary Medicine assumes an important role in the search for a more sustainable and professionally managed animal husbandry, based on preventive health strategies and the adequate and rational use of therapeutic resources, concerned above all with the health and well-being of consumers and with the promotion of Single Health.