Engenharia Florestal (Sede)
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/15
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APP - Artigo Publicado em Periódico
TAE - Trabalho Apresentado em Evento
TCC - Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Análise da regeneração natural em áreas de restauração florestal na Zona da Mata Sul de Pernambuco(2023-09-14) Calixto, Shermesson Henrique Mota; Feliciano, Ana Lícia Patriota; Silva, Marília Isabelle Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1029149032423660; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9184673853412326; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3349917891877024In the evaluation of the restoration process, natural regeneration is a relevant indicator for evaluate the functioning of recovering ecosystems. This is because it represents the processes of species establishment and the sustainability of the tree community, which is responsible for triggering ecological processes. This study aimed to analyze natural regeneration in two riparian areas located in the South Wood Zone of Pernambuco, with the intention of inferring about the forest restoration process of these environments. The work was carried out in two areas undergoing restoration (Palma III and Palma IV), located in Sirinhaém/PE. Twenty plots (5 x 5 m) were installed in each study area, and floristic and phytosociological surveys were conducted to verify composition and structure. Regenerating individuals were considered those with a height equal to or greater than 1 m and with a circumference at breast height (CBH) less than 15 cm. After species identification, their origin, endemism, ecological groups, dispersal syndromes, and pollination syndromes were determined. The main results of the floristic analysis showed that the majority of species in the Palma III area (PIII) are early successional species, while pioneers occupy that space in the Palma IV area (PIV). In both areas, most species have zoochorous dispersal syndrome and melittophilous pollination syndrome, and they are native to the Atlantic Forest biome and not endemic. In the PIII area, the species Guarea guidonia was dominant, representing 70.80% of the total density of the study and occupying 85% of the plots with a total of 80 individuals. These factors resulted in low diversity and evenness indices in the area. Guarea guidonia was also the dominant species in the PIV area, but with a more balanced proportion of individuals, with 21 individuals representing a total density of 31.34%, present in 50% of the plots. PIV alsoItem Influência do monocultivo de pau-brasil (Paubrasilia echinata Lam E. Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis, Fabaceae) na regeneração e fauna edáfica em área de Mata Atlântica de Pernambuco(2023-09-21) Nogueira, Natália Dias Guerra; Gonçalves, Maria da Penha Moreira; Lima, Tarcísio Viana de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0814281560377954; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0539509819672370; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1735222852823675Restoration processes of tropical forests can be conducted through the planting of native species in degraded areas caused by human activities, aiming for the gradual reconstruction of a dynamic and biodiverse ecosystem. However, little is known about the performance of a native species planted in a monocultural model for restoration purposes. Based on this principle, the objective of this research was to assess the influence of the monocultural system with Paubrasilia echinata on the regeneration flora and soil fauna in the understory of a Semideciduous Seasonal Forest environment in Pernambuco. For this purpose, two areas were selected: one in passive restoration with a plantation of Pau-Brasil aged over 50 years (BPB), and an adjacent Native Forest (MN) area used as a control area, both within a protected area of the Tapacurá Ecological Station, an advanced campus of UFRPE. A survey of natural regeneration and soil fauna was conducted as ecological indicators in both areas, with a total of 6 plots measuring 600m² each. For regeneration, tree individuals with a Circumference at Breast Height (CBH) of up to 15cm and a minimum height of 1m were measured, identified to the species level, and classified by origin, dispersal syndrome, and ecological groups. Richness was determined by the species list, and diversity was assessed using Shannon-Weaver Diversity Indices, Simpson's Dominance, and Pielou's Evenness. The species were analyzed both horizontally and in 3 height classes. To evaluate the soil fauna, pitfall traps were used, 9 in each area, the collected organisms were screened and identified, when possible, at order level. The analysis of the edaphic fauna was made through the ANAFAU program, which provides ecological indexes and information on the structure of the community. The results of the ecological indexes of the two indicators were compared by the Hutcheson t test in the PAST program. As a result, in natural regeneration the area of MN presented greater richness and higher values of diversity and equability, while the area of BPB presented higher dominance due to the superior and expressive presence of individuals in regeneration of the species. There was a significant statistical difference for the diversity and dominance of natural regeneration among the studied areas. In both areas it was observed a greater number of zoochoric species and highlight to the ecological group of early secondary. Only in the area of MN there were records of exotic species. Individuals were observed in the three height classes in both areas, being the MN with the highest number of species with this representation. Regarding the edaphic fauna, higher values of abundance in the BPB area and greater richness in the MN area were verified, and the soil fauna diversity was similar between the areas. The orders Collembola, Hymenoptera and Diptera were highlighted for the two areas. The order Orthoptera was found in greater abundance and frequency in the BPB area. Therefore, the monoculture of Brazilwood has been negatively influencing the stratum of natural regeneration in questions of plant diversity and has been affecting the proportion of some groups of soil fauna.Item Compilação de espécies arbóreas reófitas ocasionais com potencial para recuperação de ecossistemas das terras baixas e aluviais da Mata Atlântica em Pernambuco(2023-04-17) Lacerda, Samiah de Souza; Lima, Tarcísio Viana de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0814281560377954; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2524737469801563El proceso de urbanización y expansión territorial a lo largo del tiempo está asociado a una explotación desenfrenada e imprudente de los recursos naturales, causando diversos impactos ambientales que, a su vez, afectaron y afectan directamente la biodiversidad. Por este motivo, se vuelve indispensable la intervención mediante la revegetación en los lugares en los que hubo supresión del bosque nativo, con miras a recuperar su estado de equilibrio, como en la Mata Atlántica, dominio fitogeográfico brasileño comprobadamente más afectado, con una extensión territorial remanente alrededor del 12,4% de su cobertura original. Entre las áreas de la Mata Atlántica con mayor vulnerabilidad a las acciones antrópicas, se encuentran los ambientes hidromórficos, cuyas coberturas vegetales son susceptibles a las influencias directas e indirectas de los recursos hídricos. Frente su fragilidad, las alteraciones inducidas por el hombre y a las necesidades típicas de las especies vegetales de esas áreas, es indispensable conocer las principales características ecobotánicas identificadas y descritas sobre los grupos taxonómicos reófitos remanentes encontrados en las Tierras Bajas y Aluviales en el estado de Pernambuco, que puedes ajustarse y adaptarse a las características intrínsecas actuales de estos ambientes periódicamente inundados. Por este motivo, fue realizado levantamientos y análisis de trabajos relacionados con el tema, compilando informaciones encontradas sobre las especies forestales reofitas ocasionales encontradas en las Tierras Bajas y Aluviales de la Mata Atlántica en el estado de Pernambuco, que pueden ser utilizadas como documento guía en trabajos de recuperación y/o enriquecimiento en tales formaciones forestales. Con este trabajo se pudo resaltar la importancia de la fauna para la recuperación y posterior equilibrio de las áreas degradadas o perturbadas, vista su importancia para los eventos de polinización y dispersión de los frutos y semillas. También, se nota la necesidad de incentivar trabajos que estudien la fenología de tales especies en el estado de Pernambuco, a fin de facilitar la colecta de semillas, además de sus necesidades nutricionales, para producción de plántulas adaptadas y vigorosas. Por ese motivo, el estudio de esas especies es fundamental para superar uno de los principales obstáculos de los trabajos de recuperación en áreas perturbadas y/o degradadas: la falta de informaciones.Item Caracterização estrutural e condições ecofisiológicas de fragmento urbano de Floresta Atlântica usando VANT e imagem de satélite(2021-12-10) Silva, Luiz Henrique Gonçalves da; Pimentel, Rejane Magalhães de Mendonça; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6974715752532263; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0137369300045818Over the years, the Atlantic Forest vegetation has been subjected to a progressive suppression process, mainly by anthropogenic measures, directly modifying the surface and causing irreparable damage to the biodiversity of this highly important social, economic and environmental ecosystem complex. In addition, these anthropic interventions further increase the fragmentation process, which searches for knowledge regarding the ecophysiological condition of fragments of this vegetation, which are under the direct influence of anthropic effects, more relevant. Currently, a viable methodology to assess such conditions is analyses that use geoprocessing and remote sensing, which uses techniques that allow obtaining information about targets on the soil surface, assessing its spatial dynamics, estimating the height of structures, and analyzing land use and cover. Furthermore, through the Vegetation Indexes, it is possible to assess the ecophysiological condition of those being registered. Thus, the study aimed to characterize a structure and an ecophysiological condition of the vegetation of an urban fragment of the Atlantic Forest. A Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) flight was carried out over a Fragment of Dense Ombrophilous Forest in the Lowlands located in Recife - PE. These images classified the land use and cover; they estimated the number of Individuals in the Area and their Height. After that, high-resolution satellite images were slid to calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Green Chlorophyll Index (GCI). It was identified 482 non-study forest fragments, submitted to a different level of anthropization,similar to other areas of the same phytogeographic domain, oscilating between 5.14m and 33.46m height. The NDVI of the area ranged between -0.21 and 0.93, and all places where arboreal trees were identified, through photogrammetry analysis, mean ND values greater than 0.6, indicating that they are physiologically healthy. The GCI values at the points where arboreal trees were identified were above 2.37 g/m², and the highest values for this index were found in the most centralized region of the fragment under study. The value found was higher than that measured in crops. This study showed that photogrammetry is a viable method to measure the height of wanting trees, mainly due to the quality of the provided images. Moreover, the evaluation through the Vegetation Indices indicates that this vegetation is physiologically healthy and has a chlorophyll content (g/m²) estimated by the GCI, superior to homogeneous plantations of crops.Item Estoque de carbono em fragmento florestal na Zona da Mata Sul do estado de Pernambuco(2021-02-25) Mossio, Lucca Silveira Mousinho; Freire, Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos; Lima, Tarcísio Viana de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0814281560377954; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2636653493262436; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7141821256778001Native forests have a strong presence in climatic change mitigation on the planet, mainly on carbon sequestration. However, Atlantic Forest suffered a historical fragmentation process linked to exploration, resulting in carbon stock modification of this ecosystem. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the carbon stocks in soil and vegetation of an Atlantic Forest fragment in Pernambuco, Brazil, assigning a comparative relation for edge and forest areas. The study was performed in an area from Usina Trapiche, in Sirinhaém, Pernambuco, in an Atlantic Forest fragment. Were evaluated the carbon stocks, soil organic carbon, soil labile carbon, tree and litter biomass in edge and forest situations, in plots of 250 m2. In each plot, soil samples were collected in three different depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm), also collecting 0,25 m2 of litter in each plot and data from a phytosociological study were used to estimate the above-ground plant biomass. For statistical analysis, were performed F test and Tukey test, at 5% probability, after data treatment for normality test and homoscedasticity, on SAS and Sisvar software. There was significant difference in contents of soil organic carbon (S.O.C) and carbon stocks of soil in situation of edge and forest of the fragment, accepting the hypothesis of edge effect caused by fragmentation. However, this effect was not sufficient to have a difference in labile carbon. Was observed a major content and stock in the superficial layer of soil (0-10 cm), which is common in forest environments, mainly for the larger deposition of organic matter in surface. The above-ground biomass and litter biomass presented significant difference between edge and forest, possibly for being a heterogeneous environment and for edge effect existence in the fragment. Even with fragmentation, was observed that soil reservoir keeps stocking more carbon than vegetation reservoir, being the disturbance, up to the limits established by this study, less enough to alter the carbon storage and ecosystems services in a conserved area. So, understand the importance of the knowledge and preservation of native forests for the environment functioning as a carbon tank.Item Ocorrência de coleobrocas em área em processo de restauração florestal em fragmento de Mata Atlântica nordestina(2021-12-07) Silva, Karina Maria da; Gonçalves, Maria da Penha Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0539509819672370; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4109193403596589Insects have a great capacity to adapt to environmental changes, being the group of animals with the greatest abundance and richness of species on the globe. The Atlantic Forest is an important biome with a rich diversity of phytophysiognomies, but today it is in an accelerated process of degradation, requiring forest restoration actions, as well as knowledge and monitoring of insects occurring in the biome, which can be used as bioindicators of advance succession. The present work had as objective to know the diversity of beetroot insects in a fragment of Dense Ombrophilous Forest under restoration, in the Northeastern Atlantic Forest. The study was carried out in a fragment under the domain of the Recife Botanical Garden, in an area under restoration and in an area of preserved native forest adjacent to the first. The survey of insects was carried out in September and December 2019, using the Carvalho 47-type ethanol aerial intercept trap, installed at a height of 1.5 meters from the ground. Insects were collected using traps in transects that crossed the two areas, comprising the sense of restored area - border - preserved native forest, with 8 sampling points in each transect. In the two collections, 649 arthropods were captured, belonging to 6 orders, with greater abundance of insects of the order Coleoptera, mainly coleoborcas from the families Cerambycidae, Bostrichidae and Curculionidae (Scolytinae and Platypodinae). The family Curculionidae had the highest number of individuals collected, followed by the family Cerambycidae. The conserved native forest area had a greater amount of beetle borers when compared to the restoration area, due to the fragmentation of the environment. It is necessary to continue collecting in the other months of the year to understand the population dynamics of these groups of insects and understand the influence of the environment on their distribution, as well as the continuity of the forest restoration process in the disturbed environment for the local balance of these populations.