Engenharia Florestal (Sede)
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://arandu.ufrpe.br/handle/123456789/15
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16 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Análise das características dos índices de vegetação em um plantio de Eucalyptus spp. utilizando imagens do Sentinel-2A(2023-09-14) Silva, Adailton Domingos Salustiano da; Silva, Emanuel Araújo; Sá, Vânia Aparecida de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5807408661337266; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2765651276275384; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7511858370212406Item Análise de sobrevivência e qualidade de um plantio de Eucaliptos spp. em estágio inicial na Zona da Mata Norte de Pernambuco(2023-09-15) Ferreira, Priscila Geni de Andrade; Fernandes, Ana Paula Donicht; Silva, Richeliel Albert Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4633852866899003; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7392835869663724; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2663481260535032The forest inventory is an essential tool for accurate forestry planning, with the aim of obtaining a homogeneous forest in the future with good expressiveness in terms of diameter and height. The study area was a sugar-alcohol company located in the Zona da Mata Norte region of Pernambuco, in the municipality of Tracunhaém. In order to have a quality forest, it is necessary to periodically monitor the stand from the time the seedlings are planted in the field until they are harvested. The aim of this study was to assess the survival and quality of Eucalyptus hybrids (Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus camaldulensis) using two sampling methods, using the Pv50% uniformity index. The inventory was carried out at 3 months and 14 months using the circular plot and systematic line sampling methods. The planting was done at a spacing of 3m x 3m in an area close to a community that used it to dispose of its solid waste. Systematic sampling was carried out by randomly establishing the start of the systematic sampling sequence and followed the sequence established for data collection. The sampling per plot was 6 meters long and 113m² in area. The data obtained made it possible to generate information on the percentage of survival, planting failures and mortality, with the systematic line sampling method performing more efficiently, as it generates reliable information when it comes to observing trends in a forest. Survival by systematic sampling at 3 months ranged from 85% to 66% survival, and at 14 months 78% to 63%, while the circular plot method at 1 month had a percentage of 94% to 100% survival and at 14 months 72% to 99%. The study showed satisfactory sampling sufficiency, with a 9% sampling error being admissible, and a coefficient of variation of 43%, showing high variability in the volume of samples. The uniformity index Pv50% of the plots had 37% uniformity, indicating that the silviculture applied to the areas did not provide equal growing conditions for the hybrids. When analyzing the sampling methods based on the analysis of variance statistics, it was possible to see that the systematic sampling method was significant and more efficient for carrying out a survival inventory.Item Anatomia das fibras da madeira de clone de Eucalyptus urophylla plantado em diferentes espaçamentos no estado de Pernambuco(2022-10-06) Lima, Giúlia Stéphane Ribeiro de; Braz, Rafael Leite; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7332493832361305; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4737148240951906Eucalyptus represents the most important exotic forest genus in Brazil and has been widely used in forest plantations. Knowledge of the anatomical characteristics of wood such as vessel volume and fibers are factors in the physical and mechanical properties of wood as well as indicative of the final use of wood. The anatomical structure of wood exerts a direct influence on wood density, which also directly influences anisotropy. As a result, these are closely correlated properties. The spacing has a great influence on the quality of the forest site, as it is a sum of the factors that interfere in the productivity of the forest stand. The present study aimed to anatomically analyze the morphology of the fibers of an eight-year-old clone of Eucalyptus urophylla, collected at the Estação Experimental do Araripe, in Araripina - PE, planted in different spacings (2 x 1m (T1), 4 x 2m (T2) and 3 x 2m (T3)) to qualify for use in pulp and paper production. For, clone trees were used, five in each plantation, where a sample composed by treatment was carried out. The preparation of the samples consisted of the dissociation of wood fragments, carried out by means of a macerating solution. The operations were performed through the provisional slides, using an optical image acquisition system with the R 25 image acquisition system. ImageProPlus software was used to capture images and measure the fibers. The Runkel Index, the Felling Index were calculated and the Coefficient of Flexibility, Coefficient of Stiffness and the Wall Fraction of the treatments were determined. The determination of the basic density was obtained through the relation of the dry mass and its saturated volume. The fiber dimension values were compared to each other with significant mean differences between treatments, which demonstrate to be a selection of a spacing. ideal in order to achieve greater productivity. Results were obtained and approved for the presentation, as it presents characteristics with similar characteristics. Protective and paper protection fit adjustments protected when compared to spaces, treatment 2 being with protection and paper reinforcement.Item Benchmarking: análise das práticas de manejo no regime de talhadia em povoamentos florestais(2023-04-25) Santos, Lorena Paulina dos; Fernandes, Ana Paula Donicht; Hakamada, Rodrigo Eiji; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4186459700983170; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7392835869663724; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1644697494502292Given the instability of the global economy, many companies are seeking alternatives to reduce production costs by reevaluating their planning for conducting coppicing in their forest plantations. Coppicing management has a lower cost compared to reform, making it a promising alternative for such scenarios. Thus, this study aims to survey the practices carried out under the coppicing regime among Brazilian forest sector companies. Eight companies from the sector, distributed across six different states in the country, were analyzed. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed through descriptive statistics. The results indicated that the main variables considered by companies in selecting a stand for sprout management were: productivity from the previous cycle, genetic material, survival, climate, and distance from the factory. Coppicing management showed an average productivity loss of 11% compared to reform, however, there was a cost reduction of 48%. The study showed that there is variation in the height and age criteria used for sprout removal. Regarding the number of sprouts left per stump, 63% of companies leave 1-2 sprouts. The stump height was also indicated as an important factor to be considered, which can be reduced to as low as 5 cm depending on the genetic material, with the most commonly used height being 10-12 cm. Stump cleaning is a common practice in most companies, and the presence of residues is considered beneficial as they cover a large part of the soil, delaying the regeneration of weeds. It was recommended to fertilize the sprouts before desprouting, especially with potassium, due to the high sensitivity of Eucalyptus to the deficiency of this nutrient. In conclusion, the implementation of the coppicing regime is a complex and challenging process that requires careful strategic planning and critical decisions regarding the reform or management of stands. Nevertheless, it is used promisingly by most companies in the sector to reduce production costs.Item Histórico das mudanças nas classes de uso e cobertura do solo nas fazendas da Eucatex no estado de São Paulo(2022-09-27) Silva, Yasmim Victória de Araújo e; Berger, Rute; Marques, Luísa Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1603075418219366; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5395827385005105; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0643141145421813The consumption of forest-based products has increased in recent decades and forestry has been considered a strategic segment to collaborate and encourage the increase in the production of wood products. Until 2019, forest plantations represented about 9.8 million hectares in Brazil. The first land use and land cover classification system with remote sensing data aimed to identify the different categories of land classes. Land cover changes can be related to conversions, which are the complete replacement of one type of cover with another. The objective of this work was to measure the conversion of areas in forest management farms planted with Eucalyptus sp. of Eucatex Florestal, which are the scope of forest certification (FSC-FM), following the natural forest in an interval of up to 27 years (1994 – 2021). The study areas correspond to 51 Eucatex Florestal farms in the regions of Botucatu, Sorocaba and Bauru, in the state of São Paulo, distributed in 18 municipalities. In this study, Eucalyptus is not planted in conjunction with natural forest, but at the stands for commercial purposes, and areas with native species are separated by setbacks or trails. Imagery from satellite Landsat 5, 7, and 8 was used, depending on availability for the requested date. The images were downloaded from the Earth Explorer website and the maximum likelihood method was applied. Of the 51 farms analyzed, 43 had an increase in their natural forest areas and only eight had some type of vegetation loss. The Morrinhos Radar farm showed the greatest increase in the “natural forest” class since 1994, totaling 455.13 ha converted. The Santa Filomena farm had the greatest area loss, with 39.82 ha of its natural forest areas lost, and the other seven farms lost less than 10 ha. There was a increase in the natural forest cover spontaneously, without the application of forest restoration techniques, only with the isolation of the areas. The farms lost more area of natural forest before being acquired by the company, whereas after the implantation of the Eucalyptus stands, there was an increase in the natural areas. The culture of Eucalyptus sp. did not interfere with the regeneration of natural forest areas.Item Eucalipto e biochar para fitoatenuação da poluição do solo por cádmio(2022-10-07) Paraizo, Taciana da Silva; Freitas, Eliane Cristina Sampaio de; Silva, Fernando Bruno Vieira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4818569008052606; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7525975084334972; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3371289066528888Phytoattenuation is a promising technique to mitigate the deleterious effects of heavy metals toxicity, promoting an environmentally safe management of land use with crops of economic value. The use of biochars can reduce the mobility of metals and provide improvements in soil fertility, promoting safe management in polluted environments. In this sense, the present work aimed to (i) evaluate the immobilization and compartmentalization of Cd in the soil with the application of doses of a filter cake biochar (CB); (ii) assess changes in soil fertility in response to biochar application; (iii) to evaluate the growth, mineral nutrition and Cd accumulation in two eucalyptus species (Corymbia citriodora and the hybrid Eucalyptus urograndis × Eucalyptus urophylla) cultivated in a polluted soil treated with biochar; (iv) to evaluate the amelioration of the stress caused by Cd through the physiological parameters of the plants treated with biochar; and (v) evaluate the regeneration of polluted soil quality through microbiological indicators. Two experiments were carried out sequentially: the first experiment was a sorption assay. The soil was incubated with doses of biochar (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 30% m/m) for 64 days and at the end of this period, the availability and chemical fractionation of Cd in the soil were analyzed. and chemical attributes related to soil fertility; the second experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with two species of eucalyptus grown in pots for 65 days in soil polluted by Cd, with and without the application of 5% CB. After cultivation, the growth parameters were evaluated; the levels of N, P and Cd in the tissues of the plants; chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic pigments; and biomass together with soil microbial activity. From the results obtained, it was possible to infer that (i) the filter cake biochar can be indicated as a mitigating agent of soil pollution by Cd; (ii) both eucalyptus species associated with the application of 5% BT were tolerant to Cd toxicity; (iii) the cultivation of eucalyptus with the application of biochar promoted improvements in the microbiota of the soil polluted by Cd, a sensitive indicator of environmental quality; and (iv) phytotechnology using the eucalyptus species C. citriodora and the hybrid E. urograndis × E. urophylla plus the application with 5% CB showed potential to attenuate the effects of Cd in polluted areas.Item Estimativa de biomassa em povoamento clonal de Eucalyptus sob o manejo de talhadia aos 36 meses de idade(2023-04-24) Silva, Jonatas Carlos da; Berger, Rute; Hakamada, Rodrigo Eiji; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4186459700983170; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5395827385005105; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0314188517416061Studies on the quantification of individual stem biomass are fundamental to determining the productivity of planted forests, facilitating forest management and planning activities, especially in coppice systems, which can reduce costs by up to 60% compared to high forest management. The aim of this study is to establish the best statistical models for estimating aboveground and wood biomass production, as well as questioning the use of general equations and previous rotation for Eucalyptus clones. The research was carried out in Mogi Guaçu-SP. Biomass was collected from the destructive analysis of clones, with 0.3 kg of leaves collected from each third of the canopy and branches, and discs removed at DBH (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% with a diameter of 5 cm) of the stem, based on the total height of the tree. In the field, all aboveground compartments were weighed separately to obtain the total wet weight, while in the laboratory, each compartment was dried in a forced ventilation oven at 65°C to obtain the dry weight. Through regression analysis, adjusted equations were obtained, using total biomass and wood biomass (Bi) as the dependent variable and DBH and total height (H) of the trees as the independent variables. The Schumacher-Hall model showed the best fit for all clones, with the highest adjusted R² and the smallest standard errors of estimate. Based on this model, a general equation for wood biomass of clones on the site was adjusted, however, individual equations for each clone showed higher precision in individual biomass estimates. The adjusted equation in the first rotation of the stand overestimated the individual biomass of three clones by 22% and showed greater dispersion in clones with lower survival. Based on the results obtained, individual biomass estimation equations should be adjusted taking into account the silvicultural system and genotypes.Item Crescimento inicial de eucalipto em solo contaminado por Cd, Pb e Zn e tratado com lodo de esgoto e biochar(2022-05-26) Ximenes, Diogo Henrique de Sá Veloso; Biondi, Caroline Miranda; Silva, William Ramos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5033735462082389; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8326756664758702; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3116650479929930The inadequate disposal of steel slag with high levels of heavy metals, such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), in the city of Santo Amaro, Bahia, caused the pollution of the environment and the people who live there. Today the city is known to contain the largest Pb contamination in the world. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of sewage sludge and its biochar in remediating the levels of Cd, Pb and Zn and the initial development of eucalyptus seedlings in the contaminated soil of the municipality of Santo Amaro. These studies aim to contribute to the determination of remediation methods and suggestion of alternative economic activities for these impacted areas. For this, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a eucalyptus hybrid and application of three treatments to the soil: sewage sludge (40 t ha-1) and biochar (40 t ha-1) and a mixture of 20 t ha-1 of sewage sludge + 20 t ha-1 of biochar, in addition to the negative control (soil without addition of sludge/biochar). After the cultivation period, the available and environmentally available levels of Cd, Pb and Zn in the soil and total levels in the plants were evaluated. The application of biochar promoted better development of eucalyptus seedlings, presenting better results in the production of dry matter of the aerial part, height and diameter. Biochar + sewage sludge considerably reduced (60%) the availability of Zn in the soil, compared to the control. The use of biochar in the soil was efficient in reducing the environmentally available levels of heavy metals, immobilizing them and making them less available to the plant. Eucalyptus seedlings were more efficient in translocating Zn to the shoot in the sewage sludge treatment, showing a better index, while for Cd and Pb the seedlings were more efficient in immobilizing metals in the roots, especially Pb, which showed higher value. The results showed that biochar can be indicated as a remediation agent in the contaminated soil of Santo Amaro, since it promoted a decrease in the mobility and availability of metals in the soil. The sewage sludge can be indicated as a nutritional contribution in the cultivation of seedlings and the eucalyptus seedlings were presented as potential phytoremediation plants of the contaminated soil.Item Comparação de modelos estocásticos nas estimativas volumétricas e de biomassa em Eucalyptus spp. da Chapada do Araripe - PE(2022-05-31) Silva, Aline Amorim da; Silva, José Antônio Aleixo da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5674098794412714; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7046975217725378The objective of this work was to compare and evaluate stochastic models in volumetric and biomass estimates in Eucalyptus spp. with 5.5 years of age and in its second rotation, in Chapada do Araripe - PE. The study was carried out from data on volume and the total biomass of the tree compartments (stem, bark, branch and leaf), collected in experimental plantations of Eucalyptus spp. at the Experimental Station of the Pernambuco Agronomic Institute – IPA – in Araripina-PE, where 150 individuals were randomly sampled for cubage and modeling. Adjustments were made to nine volumetric models, using the SYSTAT (12.0) software. The Stepwise (backward method) was applied to the models and the following criteria were established to select the best equation: significance of the regression coefficients (bi), standard error of the estimate (Sxy), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Corrected Fit Index (AIc), graphical analysis of residuals and the weighted value of the statistical scores (VP). Based on the results obtained, it was observed significancy at the level of 1% of probability, for all the coefficients of the equations. However, it was observed that, when using the regression analysis by Stepwise (backward method), some volumetric and biomass models underwent important modifications within their format, resulting in the suppression of independent variables and equality among some equations. After applying the analysis techniques, it was observed that all the proposed models showed a good precision between the volumetric and total biomass estimates, as a function of the DBH and height of the tree individuals. For the volumetric models the Naslund, Naslund (Modified), Schumacher and Hall, Meyer, Meyer (Modified), Prodan and Stoate showed the best fit and precision among the evaluated models, while for the total biomass, the Prodan, Schumacher e Hall, Naslund (Modified), Meyer, Stoate, Spurr (Combined Variable), Naslund e Meyer (Modified) models showed the best fit, being, therefore, the most viable models for future forest inventories in Eucalyptus spp. in Chapada do Araripe.Item Dosagens de adubação de cobertura na produtividade inicial e sobrevivência de eucalipto em Pernambuco(2021-07-15) Lima, Maria Clara Bezerra; Hakamada, Rodrigo Eiji; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4186459700983170; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3820429357793743Energy generation from biomass coming from planted forests, in addition to being a sustainable energy source, is an opportunity to create a viable alternative to the demand for biomass from wood in the state. Considering the edaphoclimatic characteristics of the region, the scarcity of studies on the subject and the importance of fertilization, as one of the silvicultural practices that provides greater gains in wood productivity, this experiment aims to evaluate the silvicultural behavior of eucalyptus clones in an area of transition between Zona da Mata and Agreste Pernambucano, in relation to growth and yield when subjected to different doses of top dressing. The research was carried out in a clonal eucalyptus plantation, implemented in 2018, in the municipality of Glória do Goitá, on a farm leased to the company BRF. The experiment with different doses of topdressing fertilization (NPK) and the addition of foliar boron applied when the stand was 15 months old was initially carried out with measurements of DBH and tree height in 32 plots with 8 treatments and 4 replications. The first measurement was carried out 15 months after planting and the second after 24 months after planting, to assess which dosage of top-dressing results in better indicators of productivity and survival. Through regression obtained through destructive sampling of biomass, individual volumes were estimated using the Schumacher & Hall equation. The volume was extrapolated to the total area (m³/ha) and the indicators of productivity average annual increment (IMA) and current annual increment (ICA) between the two measurements were estimated. The volume per treatment of the plots in the first measurement was 7.2 m3/ha and in the second measurement 16.3 m3/ha, and the IMA respectively 5.77 m3/ha/year and 8.16 m3/ha/year, resulting in a Current Annual Increment (ICA) of 10.92 m3/ha/year. The results at 24 months of planting show the relative gain in productivity was 28% to 58%, with the maximum gain for the dosage of treatment 8 (250% of the usual dose adopted by the company, 535kg/ha). In statistical analysis by regression, we obtained a significance level of 5% for boron-free fertilization, when we correlated the ICA with the fertilizer dosages, showing that there is a trend of growth from a statistical point of view. The experiment will continue to be analyzed in the coming years and new fertilization with fertilizer and foliar boron will be carried out, to verify if the productivity gain keeps increasing and if the mortality rates remain low.